Abstract: The health effect of folic acid,especially on pregnancy complications and birth defects,has been widely studied.In this paper,the effect of folic acid,the relation between folic acid and neural tube defects (NTDs),and the research status of folic acid supplementation to women of childbearing age to prevent NTDs were reviewed and the problems existing in folic acid supplementation were analyzed to provide references for effective and extensive implementation of folic acid supplementation to prevent NTDs.