Abstract: The prevalent pattern of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has changed radically over the last decade in China.AIDS prevention department is in urgent need of effective precaution tailored to high-risk population.This study reviewed the latest epidemiology and prevention among female sexual workers,injection drug users and men who have sex with men in China.Theoretical and empirical studies abroad were also skimmed for its important reference value,such as "treatment as prevention".With the implementation of several precautions,China has obtained great achievement in the battle against AIDS.However,it is far away from developing a multi-level approach and a more powerful disease prevention and control system,which indicating the need for more effort nationwide.