Abstract: Objective To analyze the survival time and its related factors in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in Liaoning province.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the survival time and its related factors among 310 HIV/AIDS mortalities with the history of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART).Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe the survival distribution and life table was applied to calculate the survival proportion.Cox proportional hazard model was performed to identify the factors associated with the survival.Results Among the 310 HIV/AIDS deaths between December 2003 and December 2014,187 (60.32%) were died of AIDS-related diseases and 123 (39.68%) were died of accident,suicide,and the diseases other than AIDS.The overall median survival time was 3.00 months (95% confidence interval 95%CI:2.00-4.00) before HAART;the cumulative survival rate was 57±3%,44±3%,and 36±3% in the first 6 months,6-12 months,and 12-18 months after the HAART.The survival time was significantly different among the mortalities with different clinical stage of World Health Organization (WHO) and different CD4⁺T cell count.The mortality risk of the cases with WHO clinical stage of Ⅲ or IV was 1.973 compared to the cases with the clinical stage of I or Ⅱ.The mortality risk of the cases with the baseline CD4⁺T cell count of 50-199/μL and ≥200/μL was 0.442 and 0.512 compared to the cases with the count of <50/μL.Conclusion Most of the AIDS mortalities occurred during the first 6 months after the beginning of antiretroviral therapy,then the mortality decreased during the following months.Low baseline CD4⁺T cell count and WHO clinical stage of Ⅲ or IV are risk factors for AIDS-related death among the AIDS cases receiving antiretroviral therapy.