Abstract: Objective To examine common clinical symptoms and their influencing factors of anorectal disease among adult residents in China.Methods A nationwide anorectal disease survey was carried out between March 2013 and June 2014 among 68 906 permanent urban and rural residents aged 18 years and over recruited with stratified cluster sampling from 66 administrative regions in 33 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities.The survey included a household questionnaire interview on symptoms of anorectal disease during previous three months and a physical examination.SPSS 17.0 was used in data analyses.Results The self-reported incidences were 14.55% for prolapsus of anal neoplasm,16.53% for anal pain,14.98% for anal bulge,5.88% for anal discharging of pus,and 22.52% for hematochezia among the participants during the previous three months;the participants at the ages of <25 years and ≥65 years reported lower incidences for prolapsus of anal neoplasm (12.51% and 12.28%),anal pain (16.03% and12.34%),anal bulge (16.03% and12.34%),anal discharging of pus (8.20% and 3.96%),and hematocheziathan (23.92% and 17.04%) compared to those at other ages.The participants engaged in workings with long-time sedentariness or standing (driver,teacher,and administrative staff) and taking more spicy food in daily diet reported higher incidents of the main symptoms,whereas the participants taking more vegetables and fruits reported lower incidents of the main symptoms of anorectal diseases.Conclusion Prolapsus of anal neoplasm,anal pain,anal bulge,anal discharging of pus,and hematochezia are main symptoms of anorectal diseases and the incidences of the symptoms are associated with age,occupation,and daily diet pattern among adult residents in China.