Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between dietary fiber intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and to provide a basis for the prevention of colorectal cancer.Methods Totally 200 permanent Fujian province residents pathologically diagnosed with CRC first time and hospitalized in Fujian Province Tumor Hospital,Union Hospital and The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University were recruited and 200 age-,gender-,and living area-matched healthy residents were selected as the controls.All participants were face-to-face interviewed with a self-designed questionnaire on demography,lifestyle,and semi-quantitative food intake frequency from December 2013 through December 2015.The collected data were analyzed with univariate analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression.Results The average age of the cases (123 males and 77 females) was 58.13±10.47 years and that of the controls (the same numbers of the male and female as the cases) was 58.04±10.45 years.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the protective factors of CRC included with average sweet potato fiber intake of 0.031-0.313 gram/per day (g/d)(odds ratioOR=0.159,95% confidence interval95%CI:0.042-0.608) and >0.313 g/d (OR=0.159,95%CI:0.082-1.256) compared with the intake of ≤0.030 g/d in previous one year,with average sweet potato fiber intake of 0.091-0.904 g/d (OR=0.050,95%CI;0.009-0.269) and >0.904 g/d (OR=0.186,95%CI:0.043-0.809) compared with the intake of ≤0.090 g/d ten years ago,with dried sweet potato fiber intake of >0.002 g/d (OR=0.336,95%CI=0.177-0.638) compared to without the intake of <0.002 g/d,with soy fiber intake of 0.966-1.481 g/d (OR=0.233,95%CI:0.079-0.681) and >1.481 g/d OR=0.043 (95%CI:0.011-0.169) compared with the intake of ≤0.965 g/d,and with the personality type of non A and non B (OR=0.089,95%CI=0.025-0.319) and with personality type of B (OR=0.253,95%CI=0.080-0.800) compared to with the personality type of A;the results also demonstrated that the risk factors of CRC were having red meat intake of 1.645-14.247 g/d (OR=10.025,95%CI:1.970-51.020) and >14.247 g/d (OR=9.178,95%CI:1.386-60.791) compared with having the intake of ≤1.644 g/d,with reported sedentary time of 6-10 hours per day (OR=7.968,95%CI=1.901-33.402) and >10 hours per day (OR=21.225,95%CI=3.966-113.600) compared with the time of ≤5 hours per day.Conclusion Dietary fiber intake is reversely associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer and dietary pattern and daily life behaviors should be regulated for the prevention of colorectal cancer.