Abstract: Objective To compare the quality of life (QOL) and its related factors between Chinese Han and Mongolia Mongolian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Using Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36),a total of 572 Han T2DM patients from Hubei province of China and 350 Mongolian T2DM patients from Ulaanbaatar of Mongolia were measured.The difference in QOL and its influencing factors between the Han and Mongolia T2DM patients were analyzed.Results The scores of physical component subscale (PCS) and mental component subscale (MCS) among both Chinese Han and Mongolia Mongolian T2DM patients were lower than those of the norm,and the sores of Chinese Han were lower than those of Mongolia Mongolian,with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05).The related factors of QOL among Chinese Han and Mongolia Mongolian were not completely same.Age,employment status,income,central obesity,complication,and fasting blood glucose were infulencing factors of QOL among the T2DM patients.Conclusion The QOL among Chinese Han and Mongolia Mongolian T2DM patients was generally worse than that of healthy population and more attention should be paid to the T2DM patients at older age,unemployed,with low income to improve their QOL.