Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among adult residents in Guizhou province for the control of the disorder in the residents.Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to recruited 9 280 permanent residents aged 18 years and older from 12 counties or districts in Guizhou province;then a questionnaire survey,physical examination,and laboratory detection were conducted among the residents during August and December 2011.Results Among the residents,the overall prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 58.1% and the prevalence rate of high total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 11.9%,18.9%,9.6%,and 37.4%,respectively.The overall awareness rate of dyslipdemia among the residents was only 3.9%,with the awareness rates of 3.7% and 4.1% among the male and female residents and 4.2% and 3.8% among the urban and rural residents;the awareness rate increased with the increment of age,with the rates of 1.9%,5.7%,and 6.3% among the residents aged 18-44,45-59,and ≥60 years old (χ_trend²=58.253,P<0.001).The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression revealed that the risk factors of dyslipdemia were living in rural area,smoking,alcohol drinking,having excessive consumption of red meat,low intake of grain and potatoes,hypertension,diabetes,and overweight/obesity among the residents.Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high but the awareness rate of dyslipidemia is low and main risk factors for the disorder are living in rural area,smoking,alcohol drinking,having excessive consumption of red meat,low intake of grain and potatoes,hypertension,diabetes,and overweight/obesity among the adult residents in Guizhou province.