Abstract: Objective To explore influencing factors of sleep disorder in the elderly with osteoporosis (OP).Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among elderly OP patients (aged ≥60 years) seeking medication at the Hospital Affiliate to North China University of Science and Technology during July to December,2014.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep condition and a self-compiled questionnaire was used to collect related information among the patients.Results The average PSQI score was 8.71±5.03 and 50.0% of the elderly had sleep disorders (PSQI score>7).Univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of sleep disorders was significantly higher among the elderly OP patients of female (52.9%),divorced or widowed (69.9%),engaged in manual labor (54.9%),having a monthly income of 1 000-1 999 yuan RMB (58.7%),with severe osteoporosis (68.3%),secondary osteoporosis (56.3%),pain (55.7%),severe pain (71.9%),fatigue (63.7%),muscle spasm (59.1%),vertebral compression (60.5%),poor self-rated health(68.9%),poor self-care (78.5%),anxiety (83.3%),and depression (89.7%) (all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that the influencing factors of sleep disorders in the elderly OP patients were manual labor (odds ratioOR=2.168),divorced or widowed(OR=2.461),severe OP (OR=2.419),moderate and severe pain(OR=5.740),feeling of fatigue (OR=3.902),muscle cramps (OR=1.923),and depression (OR=8.120);while receiving treatment for OP was a protective factor (OR=0.334).Conclusion We should pay attentions to the treatment of underlying diseases and psychological conditions to reduce the incidence of sleep disorders among elderly OP patients.