Abstract: ObjectiveTo examine influence factors of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) treatment among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive TB patients in Yunnan province.MethodsWe collected relevant data from Yunnan Provincial TB/HIV Information Management System and selected TB cases with HIV test results registered between 2010 and 2013.We compared clinic characteristics of TB and outcome of anti-TB treatment between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative TB patients.We used anti-TB treatment outcome as a dependent variable and 15 possible factors as independent variables and conducted chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression to analyze related factors of effective anti-TB treatment for HIV-positive TB patients.ResultsWe analyzed the data for a total of 53 364 registered TB cases during a 4-year period and identified 5 126 HIV-positive and 51 838 HIV-negative cases.Compared to the HIV-negative cases，HIV-positive cases had a higher percentage of sputum smear negative (67.96% vs.56.00%，χ²=327.54;P<0.001)，higher percentage of retreatment (22.87% vs.3.69%，χ²=1342.6;P<0.001)，lower percentage of successful treatment (88.07% vs.95.81%，χ²=210.08;P<0.001)，and higher percentage of non-TB related death (5.77% vs.0.61%，χ²=524.73;P<0.001).The TB patients with CD4<200 and retreatment cases had a higher risk of unsuccessful anti-TB treatment.ConclusionTo detect HIV-positive TB patients earlier and to implement anti-TB treatment in time,as well as to strengthen the supervision during treatment and to avoid retreatment could improve anti-TB treatment outcome among HIV-positive TB patients.