Abstract: ObjectiveTo examine the knowledge and behaviors of antibiotic use in Tianjin residents and to provide evidences for implementing specific health education on antibiotic use in the population.MethodsWe conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey on knowledge and behaviors of antibiotic use among 1 718 residents aged 20-69 years randomly selected from 8 counties or districts in Tianjin municipality in April,2015.ResultsAmong the participants,20.9% of the males and 24.8% of the females considered that they need a doctor's prescription when purchasing antibiotic and there were 28.6% of the males and 27.6% of females reporting that they would ask a doctor to prescript antibiotic when they have a severe self-perceived illness.No gender-difference was observed in the scores of antibiotic use knowledge and behaviors (χ²=3.179,P=0.075),but there were between-age groups differences in the scores (χ²=13.295,P=0.010) and with the increment of age,the scores decreased;in addition,the scores differed by education level (χ²=38.508,P=0.000) and the residents with higher education showed higher scores;the scores also related to the residential place among the residents (P<0.05).ConclusionThe awareness of knowledge about antibiotic use is at a low level among adult residents of Tianjin city and health education on rational use of antibiotic should be promoted in the whole population.