Abstract: Objective To analyze the correlation between thyroid nodule disease and iodine nutritional status among residents aged 45 to 50 years in Beijing.Methods Totally 1 041 healthy residents of 45 to 50 years old visiting 2 urban and 2 suburban physical examination centers in Beijing for routine checkup were randomly selected and surveyed with a questionnaire to collect demographic and other relevant information;B ultrasonic examination was carried out for diagnosis of thyroid nodule disease and morning urine samples were collected to determine urine iodine among all participants in 2014.Results Among the residents,the urine iodine ranged from 1.3 μg/L to 2 660.4 μg/L,with a median of 143.3 μg/L;there were significant differences in the median of urine iodine between the male and female residents (154.2 vs.127.3 μg/L)and those living in suburban and urban areas (158.8 vs.113.8 μg/L)(P<0.05).The overall thyroid nodule detection rate was 35.2% (366) and the detection rate of the females (43.9%) was higher than that of the males (28.2%).There was no significant difference in the median of urinary iodine between the residents with thyroid nodule (134.9 μg/L) and without the abnormal condition (145.8 μg/L).Logistic regression analysis results showed that female gender (odds ratioOR=1.903) and familial history of thyroid diseases (OR=2.300) were significant risk factors of thyroid nodule.Conclusion Iodine nutrition is at a normal level,while the prevalence of thyroid nodule is high and the high prevalence is not related to iodine nutrition status among the residents aged 45-50 years in Beijing.