Abstract: Objective To examine cognition and attitude on myopia among pupils in Hangzhou city of Zhejiang province for providing evidences for effective intervention.Methods Through multistage cluster sampling,3 091 pupils of grade two to four were selected from 6 primary schools in Hangzhou city and surveyed with a questionnaire in 2014.Results Of the pupils,469 (15.17%) wore glasses;2 888 (93.43%) expressed negative perception to myopia and only 36 (0.92%) expressed positive perception to myopia because of cool appearance when wearing glasses.There were significant differences in the attitude towards myopia among the pupils of different age,gender,grade,and whether wearing glasses.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age was reversely associated with negative perception to myopia (odds ratioOR=0.757,95% confidence interval95%CI:0.650-0.882);girl pupils were more likely to have negative perception to myopia compared to the boy pupils (OR=1.340,95% CI:1.003-1.790);and the pupils not wearing glasses were more likely to have negative perception to myopia compared to those wearing glasses (OR=2.075,95% CI:1.492-2.885).Conclusion There are differences in the cognition on myopia among pupils of various characteristics,suggesting specific measurements should be implemented to promote eye health in the pupils.