Abstract: Objective To analyze present situation and regional difference of environmental hygiene in rural areas of Shandong province for making relevant improvement measures.Methods A survey with a self-designed questionnaire,face-to-face interview,field study,and data collection were carried out among 2 500 households selected with random sampling from 500 villages of 125 towns in 25 municipalities or counties across Shandong province in 2015.Results The total population in the areas surveyed was about 12.99 millions and there were totally 436 enterprises locating in the 500 villages sampled.The coverage rate of centralized drinking water supply was 89.5% and the proportion of sanitary toilet utilization was 53.3% among the rural population in the surveyed areas.In the areas surveyed,83.4% of the household garbage were collected together for disposal but 43.0% of the domestic wastewater was discharged at random without treatment and 55.4% of the wastewater was discharged into ponds.Of the sewage from village enterprises,80.50% was directly discharged without treatment.Conclusion There are significant differences in environmental hygiene situation across rural areas of Shandong province,suggesting that specific intervention and control measures should be taken in different regions.