Abstract: With rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years,metal nanoparticles are widely used in various industries.The biological safety of metal nanoparticles has received more and more attention,and has become a hot topic.Due to their unique physical and chemical properties,metal nanoparticles can cross the placental barrier and the blood-brain barrier to reach central nervous system of offspring and thus affect their development after prenatal exposure.Numerous studies showed that brain is one of the most important target organs of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and hippocampus has been affected most seriously among the brain regions.This review elaborates neurodevelopmental toxicity of metal nanoparticle and introduces the latest research progress in this area.