Prevalence of sleep disorder and its association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among preschool children in Weifang city
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摘要: 目的 调查山东省潍坊市学龄前期儿童睡眠障碍流行现状,探讨睡眠障碍与注意缺陷多动的关系。方法 于2016年1-12月采用分层抽样方法,抽取潍坊地区935名学龄前期儿童,问卷调查潍坊市学龄前期儿童的睡眠障碍、注意缺陷多动的流行现状,并分析学龄前期儿童睡眠障碍与注意缺陷多动的相关性。结果 潍坊市学龄前期儿童睡眠障碍发病率为44.1%,睡眠障碍以入睡困难(19.4%)、遗尿(17.5%)、多汗(17.0%)、肢体抖动(12.4%)等较为多见。男童在鼾症、肢体抖动、入睡困难、尖叫喊叫的发生率高于女童(均P<0.05),而女童磨牙发生率高于男童(P<0.05);3~5岁组在多汗、肢体抖动、遗尿、尖叫哭喊的发生率高于5~7岁组(均P<0.05),5~7岁组在鼾症、辗转不安、入睡困难的发生率高于3~5岁组(均P<0.05)。睡眠障碍组儿童的注意多动缺陷发生率明显高于正常组(χ2=7.240,P=0.007)。结论 学龄前期儿童的睡眠障碍率相对较高,长期的睡眠障碍可能是学龄前期儿童注意缺陷多动的危险因素。Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of sleep disorder (SD) and the relationship between SD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among preschool children in Weifang city of Shandong province.Methods We selected 935 pre-school children in Weifang city using stratified random sampling and conducted a questionnaire survey between January and December 2016.Information on SD and ADHD of the children were collected from the children's parents and the correlation between SD and ADHD was analyzed.Results The prevalence rate of SD was 44.1% among the children.Common forms of SD were sleep difficulty,enuresis,sweating,and limb shaking,with the prevalence of 19.4%,17.5%,17.0%,and 12.4%,respectively.The prevalence rate of snoring,limb shaking,sleep difficulty,and screaming were significantly higher among the boy children than among the girl children (P<0.05 for all);the prevalence of bruxism was higher among the girl children than among the boy children (P<0.05);the prevalence rate of sweating,limb shaking,enuresis,and screaming were higher among the preschool children aged 3-5 years than among those aged 5-7 years (P<0.05 for all),while the prevalence of snoring,jactitation,and sleep difficulty were higher among the preschool children aged 5-7 years than among those aged 3-5 years (P<0.05 for all).The prevalence of ADHD was significantly higher among the preschool children with SD than among those without SD (χ2=7.240,P=0.007).Conclusion The prevalence of sleep disorder is relatively higher among preschool children in Weifang city and long-term sleep disorder may be a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity in preschool children.
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