Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence and associated factors of cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases among the residents in Henan province for making suggestions on the prevention of the diseases.Methods Totally 27 140 residents 15 years old and older were selected from 18 administrative regions of Henan province with stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling for a household survey with a questionnaire on health service designed by National Health and Family Planning Commission during 2013.Results The prevalence and age-standardized rate of cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases was 16.85% and 17.36%.The prevalence of cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases increased with the increment of age among the residents (χ_trend²=4 091.391,P<0.001);the prevalence rate in urban residents (19.72%)was higher than in the rural residents (13.91%)(χ²=163.410,P<0.001) and the rate was higher in the female residents (18.14%)than in the male residents (15.49%)(χ²=33.857,P<0.001).The results of multiple logistic regression showed that age (odds ratioOR=2.290),living in urban area (OR=1.366),widowed (OR=1.462),overweight (OR=1.686),obesity (OR=3.163),having physical exercise less than 1 time (OR=1.477),1 to 2 times (OR=1.182) and ≥ 6 times per week(OR=1.210),and suffering from diabetes (OR=3.705) were risk factors of cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases and the risk of cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases was positively correlated with the number of the risk factors (OR=1.856,95% confidence interval:1.798-1.916).Conclusion The prevalence of cardio-and cerebro-vascular diseases,especially hypertension,is still at a high level and unhealthy living behaviors are still major risk factors of the diseases among adult residents in Henan province.