Prevalence of intellectual disability and concurrent impairments among Chinese children,1987-2006
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摘要: 目的 分析1987和2006年中国儿童智力残疾与其他残疾共残情况。方法 利用1987和2006 年2次全国残疾人抽样调查数据,以0~17岁儿童为研究对象,logistic回归分析智力残疾及其严重程度与其他残疾的关系。结果 1987—2006年,多重智力残疾的标化现患率从2.57‰升至3.61‰,其中与听力言语残疾的共残占比均最高,其次是与肢体残疾共残,最后是与视力和精神残疾共残。在控制其他变量后,1987年只有视力、听力言语、肢体和精神残疾人群的智力残疾发生率分别是没有其他残疾人群的11.03、17.65、13.46和46.53倍,2006年则分别提高至19.22、99.19、32.17和119.72倍。以只有智力残疾为参照,智力与精神、听力言语、肢体和视力残疾共残的儿童,其重度残疾比例的OR值在1987年分别为7.10、4.57、3.81和3.39,2006年分别为4.30、2.85、2.74和2.27。结论 有其他残疾儿童的智力残疾发生率和严重程度均较高。听力言语与智力共残占比最高,对智力残疾影响大;精神与智力共残占比小,但对智力残疾影响大;肢体与智力共残占比虽高,但对智力残疾影响小;视力与智力共残占比小,对智力残疾影响亦小。Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence and distribution of intellectual disability (ID) and association of ID with other disabilities among children in China.Methods Data on disabilities among children aged 0-17 years were derived from two waves of National Sample Survey on Disability in China in 1987 and 2006.Logistic regression was utilized to explore the prevalence and severity of ID and their relationships with other disabilities.Results While age-standardized prevalence rate of isolated ID among Chinese children decreased by 69.21%,from 17.70/1 000 in 1987 to 5.45/1 000 in 2006,the prevalence of multiple ID increased from 2.57/1 000 in 1987 to 3.61/1 000 in 2006.Among the children with multiple ID,hearing and speech disabilities were the most prevalent disability,followed by limb,visual and mental disabilities during the 10-year period.After adjusting for confounding factors,the children with hearing and speech,limb,visual,and mental disability were at 11.03,17.65,13.46,and 46.53 times of risk of suffering from ID compared to the children without those disabilities in 1987 and the risks further increased to 19.22,99.19,32.17,and 119.72 times in 2006,respectively.Compared with the children with isolated ID,the adjusted odds ratio of the severe ID were 7.10,4.57,3.81,and 3.39 in 1987 and 4.30,2.85,2.74,and 2.27 in 2006,respectively,for the children with ID and concurrent mental,hearing and speech,limb,and visual impairment.Conclusion In China,ID is more prevalent and more severe among the children with other disabilities than among the children without any disability.Though the proportions of hearing and speech impairments are higher,the proportion of mental impairment is relatively lower and the impairments exert a heavy impact on the severity of ID among the children with the disease.Whereas,limb and visual disability exert a mild influence on ID despite the higher proportion of limb disability and lower proportion of visual disability among the Chinese children with ID.
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Key words:
- child health /
- intellectual disability /
- concurrent impairments /
- severity
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