Abstract: Objective To comprehensively assess the efficiency of medical service resources allocation in private hospitals and to provide references for improving private hospitals’ resources allocation in China.Methods Data enve-lopment analysis (DEA) was adopted to conduct a longitudinal assessment on medical service resources allocation in private hospitals from 2005 to 2015.Results In 2005-2015,the input and output indicators of private hospitals in China had been improved during the 11-year period but the improvement progress slowed down since 2010.During the period,the average overall efficiency of medical resources allocation was 0.985;the results of DEA indicated that for the 11 yearly medical resources allocation of all the private hospitals,7 were efficient,2 were weak efficient,and 2 were inefficient.For the years with inefficient medical resources allocation,the number of hospitals decreased by 300.170 averagely;the average number of beds for the hospitals decreased by 14 129.135 and the number of total medical personnel decreased by 47 062.214 averagely.Conclusion Excessive investment and deficient output exist in the medical service resources allocation in private hospitals in China.We should continue to optimize medical service resources allocation and to improve the allocation efficiency for private hospitals.