Abstract: Objective To compare differences in biochemical indicators between the patients with gout and rheumatoid arthritis in tropical areas.Methods We extracted data on biochemical indicators from medical records of 316 gout patients and 816 rheumatoid arthritis patients hospitalized in a hospital in Hainan province from January 2014 through December 2016.SPSS19.0 was adopted to analyze detection results of the indicators of the two group patients.Results There were significant differences in urinary squamous cell count,urinary non squamous epithelial cell count,urinary mucus,urinary protein,urine pH value,serum uric acid,calcium,potassium,phosphorus,chlorine,and sodium between the two groups (P<0.05 for all).The positive rate of urinary protein in the gout patients was 43.1%,which was 1.84 times higher than that (23.4%) of rheumatoid arthritis patients.The mean concentration of serum uric acid was 446 ±141.1 μmol/L and 315.44±156.55 μmol/L in male gout and rheumatoid arthritis patients;while in female gout and rheumatoid arthritisis patients,the concentration was 382.7± 123 μmol/L and 223±94.7 μmol/L.The concentration of serum calcium was 2.03 ± 0.19 mmol/L and 1.99 ±0.18 mmol/L in the gout and rheumatoid arthritis patients,with a signifi-cant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion The difference in clinical biochemical indexes between gout and rheumatoid arthritis patients can not be used as a basis for the differentiation diagnosis of gout and rheumatoid arthritis.