Abstract: Objective To compare the application of evidence-based chronic disease prevention and control in the United States,Australia,China,and Brazil,as well as the similarities and differences in its obstruction factors from individual and institutional aspects.Methods A total of 50 qualitative and semi-structured interviews were conducted in public health institutions of the four countries from February to July 2015,focusing on the status of evidence-based chronic disease prevention and control,individual and institutional resistance factors for practice and promotion of the evidence-based practices.Results The relevant databases were not well utilized in evidence-based practices in all the four countries studied.In developed countries,practitioners were subject to arduous work;while in developing countries,individuals were lack of evidence-based skills.On the institutional level,the lack of leadership and institutional support were the major constraints.In addition,the individuals' capacity and the institutions' ability to acquire aid were found to be important factors in promoting the implementation of evidence-based interventions.Conclusion More efforts should be made to provide diversified routes for acquiring evidence-based measures,to explore more individual and organizational resources,and to promote the implementation of organizational systems and cultures for promoting evidence-based chronic disease prevention and control in China.