Abstract: Objective To analyze current status of cognition about evidence-based chronic disease prevention and control (CDPC) and its influencing factors among medical practitioners and to provide information for implementing evidence-based chronic disease prevention and control in China.Methods Based on Brownson's theoretical model,we collected relevant information from 84 personnel in medical institutions at different administrative levels in Shanghai municipality between July and September 2016 with a questionnaire survey.The cognition on evidence-based CDPC and its personal,institutional,social and cultural,as well as political influencing factors were analyzed.Results Of the participants,78.58% did not know evidence-based CDPC method at all;25% never practiced evidence-based CDPC method.The participant-reported main individual-related obstructive factors for cognition and practice of evidence-based CDPC included the lack of relative knowledge (reported by 57.14% of the participants) and working time (42.86%); the major institutional-related factor was the shortage of resources (73.81%);the main social-related hinder factor was the limitation in precious evidences for specific populations (50.00%);and the policy-related major problem was the insufficiency of supporting funds (53.57%).Conclusion Effectively combining the evidence-based concept and daily practice and medical service and population demand,together with institutional induction and multiple support at political level,could promote the implementation of evidence-based chronic disease prevention and control.