Ocular solar UV exposure intensity above natural water in Shenyang city

  Objective  To investigate the effect of water surface reflection on ocular solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure and to provide a basis for UV protection of eye.

  Methods  We measured ocular solar UV exposure intensity above natural water surface and ground surface with wood board pavement simultaneously in a park of Shenyang city in August 2017. A self-made rotating model for simulation of ocular UV exposure was used in the study.

  Results  The ocular exposure intensity of both ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) above natural water surface were higher than those above the ground surface with wood board pavement. Bimodal distribution in daily variation of the maximum ocular UVA intensity was observed for exposures above natural water and ground surface, with the differences in maximum intensity of 479 μW/cm² (in the morning) and 526 μW/cm² (in the afternoon) between exposures above the natural water surface and the ground surface. No obvious bimodal distribution in daily variation of the maximum ocular UVB intensity was observed and the difference in the maximum ocular UVB exposure intensity was 14 μW/cm² between exposures above the natural water surface and the ground surface, with generally higher UV expore of various directions above the natural water suiface than above grounal surface.

  Conclusion  The ocular solar UV exposure intensity is higher above natural water surface than above ground surface with wood board pavement in Shenyang city.