Objective To investigate calcaneal bone mineral density and its impact factors among Han residents aged 20 – 80 years in Hebei province and to provide references for bone health promotion and osteoporosis prevention.
Methods Using stratified multistage cluster sampling, we conducted face-to-face questionnaire interview, physical examination, and calcaneal bone mineral density detection among 3 707 Han residents aged 20 – 80 years in urban communities and rural villages of Hebei province during July – August, 2017.
Results Of all the participants, 40.95% (1 518) were male and 59.05% (2 189) were female. The calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was significantly higher in the male participants than in the female participants (74.42 ± 20.30 dB/MHz vs. 71.91 ± 22.28 dB/MHz, P < 0.001) and the difference was still significant after adjusting for age, body mass index, residence (urban or rural region) (74.32 ± 0.53 dB/MHz vs. 72.00 ± 0.44 dB/MHz, P < 0.001). The results of multivariate linear regression demonstrated that for male participants, aged 30 – 80 years and current smoking are risk factors of decreased calcaneal bone mineral density; while for female participants, aged 50 – 80 years, alcohol abstinence, and being postmenopausal are risk factors of decreased calcaneal bone mineral density, but overweight, obesity, with high school education, and current alcohol drinking are protective factors against decreased calcaneal bone mineral density.
Conclusion The calcaneal bone mineral density is affected by physiological factors such as age, menopause and lifestyles including smoking and alcohol drinking among 20 – 80 years old Han residents in Hebei province.
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