Progress in researches on biological monitoring of chronic low dose pesticide exposure

The biological monitoring of chronic low dose pesticide exposure has important implications for evaluating the effects of pesticide exposure on human health.The methods of biological monitoring were reviewed in the article.The biomonitoring samples include urine,blood,saliva,sweat and hair.The biomarkers include chemicals and metabolites of pesticides.Meanwhile,some indirect indexes such as enzyme,DNA,neurotransmitter,protein were also used as biomarkers of pesticide exposure.Appropriate method of biological monitoring can provide an efficient and cost-effective way to identify and quantify pesticide exposure.