Risk factors of chronic post-surgical pain after orthopedic surgery in patients with extremity fracture

Objective To investigate influencing factors of chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP)in patients with extremity fracture after orthopedic surgery and to provide references for postoperative rehabilitation of the patients.Methods Totally 389 extremity fracture patients with orthopedics from January 2011 to January 2015 at Binzhou Central Hospital were recruited and assigned into a case group (109 with CPSP) and a control group (280 without CPSP).Medical records and follow-up information of all the patients were collected and analyzed.Results The incidence of CPSP among all the patients was 28.02%.Unconditional multivariate logistic regression revealed that major risk factors of CPSP included high energy injury (odds ratio OR=1.567),lower limb fracture (OR=1.896),open fracture (OR=1.930),with a second operation (OR=1.302),complicated with osteoporosis (OR=1.628),and with general anesthesia (OR=1.309) or brachial plexus anesthesia (OR=1.295)among the patients.Conclusion The occurrence of chronic post-surgical pain is associated with injury cause,injury site,fracture type,anesthesia method,whether with a secondary surgery,and whether complicated with osteoporosis among patients with extremity fracture after orthopedic surgery.