Chronic disease management approaches in various countries and design of China's integrated chronic disease management model

We summarize five internationally recognized chronic disease management approaches and their typical implementation in five countries,based on a 3-aspects (provider,patient,and insurer) analysis framework.We then propose to construct an "integrated" chronic disease management model in China:specifying explicit targeting population,formulating grassroots-centered care pathways and national management standards,appointing dedicated individual to strengthen the cooperation among required services providers at difference tiers and of various disciplines,improving chronic disease management practice by means of incentives such as additional payment from insurance schemes and financial support,promoting the use of performance management to improve care quality,and exploring systematic supporting methods to drive the implementation of chronic disease management.