Abstract: In order to promote the development of Healthy China and improve the health of the Chinese people, the Chinese government released the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan in 2016. However, whether current construction and development of public health system in China can promote the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy or not needs to be further evaluated. In the study, we summarize the achievements and challenges in the development of the public health system in China, draw conclusions about the weakness and structural contradiction in the process, and propose relevant policy recommendations in order to bring into better play the role of the public health system.