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2019—2023年北京市中小学生近视率变化及其佩戴角膜塑形镜情况

Myopia rate variations and orthokeratology lens wearing among primary and secondary school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析北京市2019—2023年中小学生近视率变化及其佩戴角膜塑形镜情况，为学生近视综合防控工作提供基础依据。
    方法 采用分层整群抽样方法，于2019—2023年每年9—10月在北京市各抽取42 007、41 680、43 410、43 114、39 893名8～17岁中小学生进行视力检查并调查学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的情况。
    结果 2019—2023年8～17岁学生近视率分别为65.59%、66.56%、67.51%、67.09%、66.20%，维持在稳定水平（ APC=0.29，P>0.05） 。近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜报告率由2019年的2.90%上升至2023年的7.75%，以年均27.61%的速度上升，且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2019—2023年每年城区近视率分别为68.95%、70.22%、71.29%、70.59%、69.06%，高于郊区的62.56%、63.22%、64.09%、64.08%、63.64%； 佩戴角膜塑形镜比例城区分别为4.94%、6.11%、9.06%、11.11%、12.70%，均高于郊区的0.88%、1.13%、2.40%、2.50%、2.95%。城区近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率呈上升趋势（APC=26.98，P<0.01），郊区学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率呈上升趋势，差异有统计学意义（APC=32.74，P<0.01）。2023年8～17岁学生近视佩戴角膜塑形镜足矫率为76.52%，随着年龄的增长，近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的比例以及足矫率均出现先升后降，以10～12岁佩戴率及足矫率较高。
    结论 北京市8～17岁学生近视率处于高位，近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的比例逐年增长，角膜塑形镜足矫率较高。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the myopia rate variations and orthokeratology lens wearing among primary and secondary school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023, thus providing a basis for comprehensive prevention and control for myopia.
    Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 42 007, 41 680, 43 410, 43 114, and 39 893 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 17 years old from September to October every year from 2019 to 2023 for visual acuity examination.
    Results The myopia rates of students aged 8 to 17 from 2019 to 2023 were 65.59%, 66.56%, 67.51%, 67.09%, and 66.20% respectively, showing a steady trend (APC = 0.29, P > 0.05). The reporting rate of students wearing orthokeratology lenses increased from 2.90% in 2019 to 7.75% in 2023, with an annual growth rate of 27.61% (P < 0.05). The myopia rates in urban areas from 2019 to 2023 were 68.95%, 70.22%, 71.29%, 70.59%, and 69.06%, respectively, which were higher than those (62.56%, 63.22%, 64.09%, 64.08%, and 63.64%, respectively) in rural areas. The proportions of students wearing orthokeratology lenses in urban areas were 4.94%, 6.11%, 9.06%, 11.11%, and 12.70%, respectively, which were higher than those (0.88%, 1.13%, 2.40%, 2.50%, and 2.95%, respectively) in rural areas. The reporting rate of urban students wearing orthokeratology lens showed an upward trend (APC = 26.98, P < 0.01), and that of rural students showed an upward trend (APC = 32.74, P < 0.01). In 2023, the full correction rate of 8- to 17-year-old students wearing orthokeratology lenses was 76.52%. With the increase in age, the proportion of students wearing orthokeratology lenses and the full correction rate first increased and then decreased, being higher among students aged 10 to 12 years old.
    Conclusions The myopia rate is high among students aged 8 to 17 years old in Beijing. The proportion of students wearing orthokeratology lenses is increasing year by year, and the full correction rate of orthokeratology lens is high.

     

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