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2002 Vol. 18, No. 2

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Study on Mutagenicity of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether of New Gasoline Additive
YUAN Dong, YE Shun-hua, ZHOU Wei
2002, 18(2): 129-130. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-01
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Objective To study the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE).Methods Ames test was applied to detectits genotoxicity.The subchronic oral MTBE test,Single Cell Electrophoresis Assay(SCEA) were carried out to find the DNA damage in blood nucleolated cells of male Sprague-Dawley rats.Results MTBE did not showany mutagenic potent ial in Ames assay(TA98,TA10 strains)with or without rat live-rderived metabolic activation system(S-9),and also there was no significant difference in the DNA damage betw een the exposure and control group in sub-chronic test.Conclusion No mutagenicity appeared in this series of genotoxicigy tests.Further study must be performed on the effect of MTBE on the cell cycle to detect whether the MTBE had some degree of potential mutagenicity.
Predictive Assessment of Death Rate of Malignant Cancer at Area of D Lake
LI Long, Wu Chun-song
2002, 18(2): 131-132. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-02
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Objective To study the relation of the death rate of malignant cancer and water pollutants at the area of D lake.Methods Using the grey systemic analysis.Results The grey systemic forecast models of the death rate of malignant cancer are made on the basis of grey incidence analysis.The forecast model of cancer mortality includes one mortality model of Nvariables first order differential equation,GM(1,N):MR(t+1)=(9.9987E1+5.0001E2+10.8994E3+1.1114E4+165.1029).e-0.0070t-9.9987E1-5.0001E2-10.8994E3-1.1114E4 and N-1 factor models of one variables first or der differ ential equation,G M(1,1)group:E1(t+1)=-46.9468e-0.0058t+52.1214,E2(t+1)=4.6114-4.5664e0.0015t,E3(t+1)=1.1389-1.1212e0.0065t,E4(t+1)=554.5867-549.8006e0.0016t.The mortality GM(1,N)model and the factors GM(1,1)model group are used for forecasting the changing trend of the death rate of malignant cancer from 2000 to 2010.Conclusion At the area of D lake,the death rate of malignant cancer has atrend of decreasing from 2000 to 2010.
Algae Hepatotoxicity and Superoxide Dismutase ( SOD ) Activity Induced by Oscillatoria-extract in Mouse
CHEN Hua, CHEN Yu, WANG Zhi-hong
2002, 18(2): 133-134. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-03
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Objective To study hepatotoxicity and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity produced by oscillatoria-extract in vivo.Methods Hepatotoxicity and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of oscillatoria-extract were detected by ip in mice.Results The liver weights were increased consistently during three weeks treatment.It was showed in histology study thathepatocytes swelling,necrosis and congestion with blood in venae interlobares hepatis.The SOD activity of liver and blood decreased after one week treatment but increased the following two weeks treatment.Conclusion Oscillatoria-extract had obvious hepatotoxicity and a certain lipid peroxiodation effect in vivo.The relationship between oscillatoriales pollution in water and hepatocarcinoma prevalence in Tongan area needed further research.
Experimental Study on Rat’s Pulmonary Injury Caused by Dominant Indoor Airborne Fungi
KAN Hai-dong, SHONG Wei-min, JIANG Rong-fang
2002, 18(2): 135-136. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-04
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Objective To deter mine the pulmonary injury of dominant indoor airbor ne fungi on the rats and analyze its mechanisms.Methods Inoculated viatrachea with fungi suspension,SD rats were used to observe the adverse effects of fungi on the respiratory tract system.Bronchoalv eolar lavage fluid(BALF)were analyzed to determine the injury on lung.Results The levels of LDH、ACP、AKP were significantly higher than control group and dose-respo nse relationships were observed,and lung oxygen free radicals in the administered group were higher too.Conclusion The dominant indoor airborne fungi could have the pulmonary-injury effects on the rats,and of oxygen in lung tissue free-radicals-might be under lying mechanism.
2002, 18(2): 136-136. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-05
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Experimental Study on DNA Damages Induced by Cooking Oil Fume Condensates
WU Cheng-qiu, ZHANG Zhao-hui, LI Dong-yang
2002, 18(2): 137-138. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-06
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Objective To study the effects of DNA damages in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by cooking oil fume condenates(COFC).Methods The human per ipheral blood lymphocy tes were incubated in 37℃ for 60 minutes with different concentr ation of cooking oil fume condensates.The for mation of DNA single-strand breaks(SSB),DNA double-strand breaks(SSB)and DNA-protein cosslinks(DPC)of the cells in various groups were detected with the method of single cell gel-electr ophoresis(SCGE).Results Various concentration of COFC within the dose range of the experiment all could induce DNA strand breaks of human peripheral blood lymphocytes.At the concentration of 100μg/ml,200μg/ml and 400 μg/ml,COFC could result in DNA-protein crosslinks of human peripheral blood lymphocy tes,and it was obvious that doseresponse relationship between DNA damages and COFC.Conclusion COFC could induce DNA damages of human peripheral blood lymphocytes,and it may be potential carinog enicrisk to human.
Study on Mechanism of Hepatocyte Toxicity
SHI Wei, ZHU Hui-gang, YAN Xiao-rong
2002, 18(2): 139-140. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-07
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Objective To study the mechanism of the hepatotoxicity of microcystion-UR.Methods MTT test and flow cytometry were applied in the research on the effects of microcystin-LR on the cell growth,cell cycle and apoptosis of primary cultured hepatocyte and Hela cell strain.Results Microcystic-LR can inhibit cell growth at very low dose and can promote cell proliferation at a relatively higher dose.Typical changes of apoptosis as well as and cell cycle block and synchronization at the G2/M-phase induced by mcirocystine-LR were observed.The results suggested that microcystin could affect hepatocyte cell cycles and induce cell proliferation as well as apoptosis.Similar but less distinct effect on Hela cell strain were detected.Conclusion It seemed that the special effects of microcystins on hepatocyte could be one of the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of microcystins.
Study on Mechanism of Kidney Toxicity of Mixture of Nickel Sulfate,Potassium Dichromate and Cobalt Chloride
SUN Ying-biao, ZHU Yu-zheng
2002, 18(2): 141-142. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-08
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Objective To study the mechanism of NiSO4,K2Cr2O7,CoCl2 and the mixture to damage kidney of mice in order to provide theoretical evidence for preventing and curing joint toxicity of the mixture.Methods Several groups of mice were exposed respectively to NiSO4,K2Cr2O7,CoCl2 at dose of 2.5mg/kg,0.14mg/kg,0.41mg/kg and a mixture of them at 0.09mg/kg,0.17mg/kg according to the ores percentage of average content(Ni:Cr:Co=0.26:0.30:0.02)in the Jinchuan area through intraperitoneal injection for 10 days.Renal tubular cell membrane were prepared to assess the activity of Na+.K+-A TPase,Ca2+ -ATPase with enzyme biochemical assay.Results The enzyme activity of Na+.K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase were inhibited obviously by NiSO4,K2Cr2O7,CoCl2 and the mixture,and the mixture toxicity were stronger than that of NiSO4,K2Cr2O7,CoCl2 lonely.Conclusion This could be the mixture that caused joint toxicity in the body of mice to inhabit the activity of Na+.K+-ATPase,Ca2+-A TPase of renal tubular cell membrane so as to damage the kidney.However,the mechanism of joint toxicity on the mixture should be studied further.
2002, 18(2): 142-142. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-09
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Study on Toxicity of Methyl Tertiary-butyl Ether Unlead Gasoline(MTBE UG)
YANG Hong, LI Hong-yuan, GAO Jin-wu
2002, 18(2): 143-145. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-10
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Objective To evaluate basic toxicities of MTB EUG and to look for valuable indicators on health surveillance.Methods The acute toxicities were conducted with mice,rats and rabbites,through oral,inhalation and dermal contaminations.The accumulative toxicity and subchronic toxicity test were also studied in the meantime.Results LD50 of rats and mice were 15 730 and 15 860mg/kg·bw respectively,while LC50 were 123 500 and 114 380mg/m3 respectively.The accumulation coefficient(Kcum)is greater than 5LC50.In subchronic toxicity test,no significant differences were observed in several indexes of blood routine.Only ALT in 12 biochemical indicators increased in the high dose and medium dose groups.The immunoglobulin A(IgA)in three exposure to MTB EUG groups were lower than that in gasoline and control groups.The mean weights of liver and kidney were significantly different between exposed rats and unexposed rats.Pathological examinations showed thathyalinosis of hepatic cell,epithelial cell degeneration and protein cast of proximal convoluted tubule were induced by MTB EUG.Conclusions MTB EUG belonged to a lower toxicity and slightly accumulative substance.Ithad damage effects on animal's liver,kidney and immunity function up to a point.
2002, 18(2): 146-146. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-11
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Effects of p-Nonylphenol on Early Sexual Development in Femals SD Rat
DENG Mao-xian, WU De-sheng, ZHANG Li-shi
2002, 18(2): 147-148. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-12
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Objective Nonylphenol is used widely as plastic additives and surfactants.Recent reports demonstrated alkylphenols are estrogenic.However,the effect of them on animal development remiains unknown.This study is designed to investigate the possible effects of nonylphenol on early development in SD rats.Methods Thirty four pregnant rats are exposured to p-nonylphenol at 0.1%,0.5%,1.0% levels during last ten days of pregnancy.Birth weight,uterus weight of F1 are measured,and morphological characters of uterus and ovary and expression of PCNA and ER are analyzed by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry.Results Nonylphenol at all levels decreased birth weight(P<0.01)and increased uterus weight (P<0.01).Three groups of nonylphenol had more primary and second follicle than the control(P<0.01).The expression of PCNA in granule cell of follicle was enhanced(P<0.05)in 0.1% and 1.0% p-nonylphenol.Conclusion p-nonylphenol can promote early ovary follicle development and increase uterus weight.
Experimental Studies on Safety of Virus-insect Pesticides
ZHANG Qi-ai, WANG Hu-ming, YAO Yong-xiang
2002, 18(2): 149-150. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-13
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Objective To study the safety of virus-insect pesticides,the safety tests of the 8 virus-insect pesticides were carried out.Methods They were HaN PV,Ao Gv,AcMN PV,Pr GDFV,DtCPV,ssDNA and 2 genetic engineering of HaNPV.Results They had no toxicities,pathogenic,reproduction toxicities,mutagenicities and anaphylactic reation.They are safer than chemistry pesticides.The reason was that these virus only attacked their host and insection was characteristic.Conclusion Because it is impossible to be forcasted on the heredity and mutation,large quanties of virus releasing and the expression of engineering virus.It must make further studies and their forward harm must be attentively watched.
Effect of Zinc Defficiency on Development of Children’s Intelligence
LI He-hua, PAN Jian-ping
2002, 18(2): 151-152. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-14
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Objective To investigate the effect of zinc deficiency on the development of children's intelligence.Methods All the children were divided into three groups according to their symptoms:control group,symptomatic zinc deficiency group,asymptomatic zinc deficiency group.Both serum zinc and IQ level of each group was measured before and after zinc treatment.Correlation analysis was made between serum zinc and intelligence.IQ of zinc deficiency groups was compared before and after zinc treatment.Results The seurm zinc level of asymptomatic zinc deficiency group was higher slightly than that of symptomatic group(P<0.01);Both were lower significantly than that of control group(P<0.01);there was positive correlation between serum zinc and intelligene(r=0.325,P<0.01,n=100);IQ asymptomatic zinc deficiency group was higher slightly than that of symptomatic zinc deficiency group(P>0.05);IQ of zinc deficiency groups was lower significantly than that of control group(P<0.01).After treatment,both serum zinc level and intelligence of zinc deficiency groups were improved significantly(P<0.01),and there was no statistic difference between zinc deficiency groups and normal group(P>0.05).Conclusion Zinc was an important factor that affected the development of children's intelligence.Zinc deficiency could delay intelligence development.In some degree,this effect could be reverted by zinc treatment.To improve children's intelligence development,zinc treatment should be applied immediately after zinc deficiency was diagnosed.
Screening on Human Phage Antibody of Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen
ZHONG Yan-wei, CHENG Jun, WANG Gang
2002, 18(2): 153-154. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-15
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Objective To screen and characterize human-phage antibody of core antigen of hepatiti B virus(HBcAg).Methods Using HBc antigen as the coating antigen,the recombinant phage antibody to HBc antigen were panned from a semisyn-thetic phage library by phage display technique,after five rounds of biopanning,60 clones were demonstrated specific to HBcAg antigen.The specificity of ScFv was demonstrated by EL ISA.Results HBcAg phage antibody has a specific combinating capacity with HBcAg antigen.The data DNA sequence showed that the ScFv gene of HBcAg was composed of 771 bp.Conclusion Human-single-chain antibody of HBcAg antigen was identified by means of the phage display technique.
Effects of Enclosed Air-Condition Room on Humoral Immune and Celluar Immune
HUANG Jing-shen, ZHANG Hui-min, CHEN Hui-zhen
2002, 18(2): 155-156. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-16
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Objective To study the change of human humoral and cellular immune under enclosed air-condition room.Methods IgG、IgA、IgM、IgE in serum were dectected by immune g lobins detection kits and the subgroups of T immune cell detected by APAAP methods.Results The levels of IgG、IgE、IgM,CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+ of the group in air-condition room declined,but CD8+ rose.Compared with the normal control group,the difference of IgM、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+ were significant(P<0.01).Conclusion The function of immune may decline as people working in the enclosed air-condition room for long time.
2002, 18(2): 156-156. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-17
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Screening Diabetes Mellitus with Artificial Neural Network as Assistant Tool
GAO Wei, SHI Lu-yuan, DONG Fu-xia
2002, 18(2): 157-158. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-18
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Objective To improve the preventive strategy of diabetes mellitus,reduce tbe cost of screening diabetes mellitus.Methods With neural network as the primary tool,the value of OGTT 2h blood glucose is adopted as the expected out-put.the fitting results of neural network based on age,DM family record,height,weight,waistline and seat circumference as the practical results,compared the differences between them.Results 90% DM can be found by testing the value of blood glucose of 54.9% of target population.Conclusion Using neural network as the primaxy screening tool can greatly decrease the cost of DM screening,which is a new promising epidemiological method.
2002, 18(2): 158-158. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-19
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Influences of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Pregnancy Outcome
TANG Yong-mei, ZHOU Rui-hua, NING Hong-zhen
2002, 18(2): 159-161. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-20
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Objective To understand the ir on status of pregnant women and the influences of IDA on pregnancy out- come.Methods Clinical control study of iron status and outcome of pregnant women.Results Heme-iron intake was insufficient.The incidence of IDA during the second and the third trimester of pregnancy was 14.3%,28.3% respectively,in which the incidence of Hb>100g/L was 94.3%.The incidences of preperiod of eclampsia,weakness of uterine contraction,intrauter ine growth retardation and low birth weight in IDA group were significantly higher than in normal control.After supplied iron and vitamin,the iron status and pregnancy outcome of IDA women were improved significantly.Conclusion There is effects of slight IDA in mothers and their newborns,so it is necessary to receive nutrition education and services as components of routine pernatal care,iron supplement in time for pregnant women.
2002, 18(2): 161-161. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-21
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Study on Relationship Between Dietary Habit and Menopausal Symptoms of Perimenopausal Women Living in Rural and Urban Areas
ZHAO Geng-li, WANG Lin-hong, ZHANG Wen-kun
2002, 18(2): 162-164. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-22
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Objective To find out peri-menopausal women's dietary structure and the relationship between dietary habit and menopausal symptoms.Methods This cross-sectional study included 297 women aged 45-55 years who were selected randomly from rural areas in Hebei and urban areas in Beijing.Using a structured interview questionnaire to investigate general states,experience of menopausal symptoms and dietary habit.Data were analyzed by using the SPSS.Results More than 50% women take enough meat,cereal,fruit and oil according to daily recommendatony standard but more than 50% women did not take enough vegetable,bean,egg and milk according to daily recommendatony standard.The dietary habit was obviously different between women living in rural and those living urban areas.The prevalence of vasomotor and urogenital atrophic symptoms was lower in those who often eat soybean than in those who did not often eat soybean(P<0.05).The prevalence of vasomotor symptoms was higher in those who often eat meat than in those who did not often eat meat(P<0.05).Conclusion Most peri2menopausal women's diet structure was not rational.There maybe some relationship between diethabit and menopausal symptoms.
2002, 18(2): 164-164. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-23
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Study on Pathogenicity of Overwintering Strain of Vibrio Cholerae Biotype E1Tor
LIU Duan, LI Feng, MENG Fan-liang
2002, 18(2): 165-167. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-24
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Objective To verify the pathogenicity of overwintering variant and resuscitat ing strains of vibrio cholerae O1 of the bioty peE1T or,in order to furnish evidence for prevent to cholera.Methods Adopt micr obiologic PCR techniques and traditional suckling mouse and rabbit as animal model.Results CT gene was maintaining in the cell of each stage in the over-wintering progress,but the toxicity was lower in the test of rabbi-tlagatedileal loops.In the resuscitative progress,cell's surface structure were resumptive,the tox in was constantly raised.The toxicity of the recovered strain was reached or iginal standard as well.Conclusion All the variant strains of vibrio cholerae biotype E1T or were possessed some toxicity,and can be recovered to original epidemic strains,therefore must be paid attnetion to monitor the overwintering strain in preventing cholera.
Study on Relationship Between Infection of Human Cytomegalovirus(HCMV) and Spontaneous Abortion
MAO Ling, LING Xiang-qun, HOU Wei
2002, 18(2): 167-168. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-25
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Objective To investigate the relationship between infection of human cytomeg alovirus and spontaneous abortion.Methods Patients HCMV-IgM in sera and HCMV-DNA in peripheral blood cells and in fetal tissues were detected by ELISA and PCR in 39patients with spontaneacs abortion,respectively.So were the 23 cases with artifical abortion as control groupu.Results Patients.positive rates of HCMV-IgM and HCMV-DNA in per ipheral blood cells and in fetal tissus among patients with spontaneous abortion were 38.46%,43.58%,33.33%,respectively,and the control group's postive rates were 8.69%,8.69% and 4.31%,respectively.The positive rates were significantly different between two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion HCMV infection played an important role in spontaneous abortion.
Analysis on Prevailing Status among Urban Residents in Ningbo
WANG Ren-yuan, XIE Ya-li, XU Guo-zhang
2002, 18(2): 168-170. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-26
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Objective To analyse the characteristics and related factors of chronic diseases.Methods The prevalence of the four chronic diseases was surveyed among urban residents in Ningbo.Results The total prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 19.9%.Many factors had association with chronic diseases,which include family history,dietetic behaviors,sleeping condition,physical exercise and so on.Multiple Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,family history and BMI(Body Mass Index)were risk factors of chronic diseases,while good sleeping condition was on the contrary.Conclusion More attention should be paid to the population for prevention of chronic diseases.
2002, 18(2): 170-170. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-27
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Studies on Immunoprotection in Mice after Immunization with Schistosoma Japonicum 31/32kDa Recombinant Protein
SHEN Ding-wen, LUO Jin-ping, CHEN Xi-gui
2002, 18(2): 171-172. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-28
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Objective To evaluate the immunoprotective effect of schistosoma japonicum recombinant 31/32kDa protein (rSj31/32).Methods S.japonicum adult worm cDNA expression library was screened with Sj31/32 McAb as a catching antibody probe.The positive clone 312 was introduced as lysogens into E.coli Y1089 and induced by IPTG.Mice were vaccinated with rSj31/32 at weeks 0,2,4 and challenged with 40±2 S.japonicum cercariae at weeks 5.Results The rSj31/32 could induce 30.1% worm reduction rate and 63.2% egg reduction rate(P<0.01).It could reduce the mean areas and perimeter of egg granuloma.Conclusion The results indicated that rSj31/32 could result in protection against a subsequent challenge of S.japonicum in mice.It might be used as a promising vaccine candidate of S.japo nicunm.
Experimental Study on Effects of Ultraviolet Exposure on Hydroxyproline Content of Moue’s Liver and Kidney
XIE Ni, LIU Yang, YU Jia-ming
2002, 18(2): 173-174. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-29
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Objective To study the effect of chronic whole body ultraviolet exposures to organ hydroxyproline content.Methods To determinate hydroxyproline content of liver and kidney after chronic whole body ultraviolet exposures of hairless mice.Results Liver hydroxyproline content elevated and butylated hydroxytoluene or nicotinamide showed no protection.No significant effect on kidney hydroxyproline but butylated hydroxytoluene and acetone cause slight increase of kidney hydroxyproline.Conclusion The effects on collagen metablism of internal organs by chronic UV exposure and some sun2burn protectants should not be ignored and needed further study.
2002, 18(2): 174-174. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-30
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Resistance Effects of Metallothionein on Damage of Germ Cells Caused by Methymercury
HU Ying, SUN Zhi-wei, SHI Long
2002, 18(2): 175-176. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-31
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Objective To study the resistance effects of metallothionein(ZnMT)on germ cell damage caused by methymercury(MeHg).Methods Mixed cultures of sertili and germ cells were used to observe the effects of ZnMT on the viability of germ cells of the mice treated by MeHg.Results The germ cells viability was decreased in 0.01mmol/L and 0.1mmol/L MeHg group.Concentration of 30μg/ml and 50μg/ml ZnMT could resist the decrease of viability of germ cells induced by 0.01mmol/L mercury treatment,but could not reduce the death rate of germ cells caused by 0.1mmol/L MeHg.Conclusion It indicated that ZnMT could resist the damage of germ cells to certain extent caused by mercury treatment.
2002, 18(2): 176-176. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-32
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Study on Toxicity Action of N-Hexane
SHEN Qi-ying, LIU Lu
2002, 18(2): 177-178. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-33
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Objective In order to study damnification action and action mechanism of toxicity of n-Hexane ofr membrane lipid.Methods The way of exposing in static total enclosure chamber with inhalation n-Hxane for rats was adopted,then the toxicity action was observed.Results The content of GSH and MDA in the blood of the rats and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in the liver decreased obviously.Observation of morphology showed that the damage of membrane system of the liver was serious.Conclusion Rapid inhalation n-Hxane could results in or promote damage reaction of activity oxygen free radical for ogranism and made the damage of lipid peoxidation.
Study on Toxicity of Rabbits’ Skin Painted with Oxidizing Hair-dyes
ZHANG Zhen-ling, WANG Xiao-fen, SHI Yan
2002, 18(2): 179-180. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-34
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Objective To study the toxicity of S-brand hair dyes on rabbits.Methods S-brand hair dyes was spread on the skin of rabbits for six months(two application per week).Rabbits were dissected,Sections from liver,spleen,kidney,thymus,lymphnode and heart were detected from microscope after HE staining,and cell cycles were also analysed.Results No carcinoma was found in all of the rabbits dissected.No abnormal changes were found in all the tissues.Immunohis-tochemical study of liver,spleen and thymus node showed that nucleus positivity of P53 in all the three tissues are higher than the normal control group.Cytoplasm positivity of BCL-2 in these three tissues were also higher than the control group.Cell cycle analysis found that all the three tissues(rabbits applied with hair-dyes)have aneuploid except normal diploid.Conclusion S-brand hair-dyes didn't induce carcinoma in the rabbits,but it was a potential carcinogen.
Study on Effects of GSH,Vit-C and DMPS on Renal Toxicity Induced by Exposure to Cadmium
WANG Wen-zhong, XU Zhao-fa, ZHENG Xiao
2002, 18(2): 181-183. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-35
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Objective GSH,Vi-tC and DMPS were given to rats to study the effects on the renal toxicity induced by chronic exposure to cadmium.Methods Fifty SD rats were divided into five groups at random.Four groups rats were given subcutaneous injections of 5μmol/kg CdCl2 and another group rats were injected with 0.9% NaCl for eleven weeks.The urine sample were collected after the last injection.From the twelfth week,the sceond group rats were intraperitonealy(ip)injected with 0.9% NaCl,the third group rats were ipinjected with 1mmol/kg GSH,the fourth group rats were ipinjected with 4mmol/kg Vi-tC and the fifth group rats were ip injected with 0.2mmol/kg DMPS.After two weeks,urinary samples were collected again.NAG activities,protein and cadmium contents were determined in the urinary samples.Results Urinary NAG activities,contents of urinary protein and cadmium in the Cd-administered groups were increased significantly,and they were different from the control group.After the administration of GSH,Vit-C and DM PS,urinary NAG activities and the contents of urinary protein was decreased sig nificantly as compared with that before the administration of the three compounds,and with that of the animals given cadmium alone.The urinary cadmium contents were decreased significantly except the animals that were administered with DMPS.Conclusion Cadmium administration resulted in the renal injury,and GSH,Vi-tC and DMPS played the antagonistic effects on the renal toxicity of cadmium.
2002, 18(2): 183-184. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-36
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Analysis on Women’s Antenatal Examination Situation in 105 Project Counties
DUAN Ping, WANG Ge-xin, WANG Xiao-li
2002, 18(2): 185-187. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-37
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Objective To learn the present conditions of antenatal examination in 105 counties.To explore the factors of affecting women's behaviors in pregancy.Methods Cross sectional study by household questionnaire investigation in 105 counties of 28 provinces for women whose children under 2 years old.The sample size is 21 036.Results The score of women's antenatal knowledge is quite low.The median score is 2(total is 7).the median score of women's know ledge about pregnancy-induced hypertension is only 1(total is 6).The percentage of antenatal examination is 91.4%.The percentage of early antenatal examination is only 40.4%.Multiplelogistic analyses showed that there are 6 factors associated with antenatal examination.Conclusion It's very poor that women's antenatal knowledge.There are a lot of problems about antenatal examination.The quality of antenatal examination needs to be improved.It should be stressed thathealth education of early antenatal examination.
2002, 18(2): 187-187. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-38
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A Case-Control Study on Correlation Factors of Hepatitis A Outbreak
JXA Xiu-yan, LIU Dan, MENG Jun
2002, 18(2): 188-188. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-39
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Objective To asses the correlation factors of a hepatitis A outbreak.Methods A 1:2 case-control study was carried out,56 cases of acute hepatitis A and 112 controls were interviewed.A questionnaire was administered to all subjects by one of the authors.Odds ratios and their 95% confidence limits were computed.Results Jiaban shrimp was the dietary factor of hepatitis A outbreak.The relative risk of eating raw Jiaban shrimps were 19.82 times than that of no eating,and there existence relationship of dosage-reaction.Conclusion Jiaban shrimps were the correlation factor of hepatitis A out-break.The department concerned should enhance the sanitary administrating and hepatitis A virus monitoring to seamost products.
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Acute Sporadic Hepatitis E
ZHU Yong-hong, LI Kui, ZHUANG Hui
2002, 18(2): 189-190. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-40
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Objective To study clinical and epidemilological features of acute sporadic hepatitis E.Methods Seven hundrud and twenty-nine sera of patients with acute sporadic hepatitis were collected form 6 cities of China,and detected for anti-HAV IgM,HBsAg,anti-HBc IgM,anti-HCV and anti-HEV by enzyme linked immunoassays.Results Of 729 patients with acute sporadic hepatitis tested,12.3%(90/729)were hepatitis E.sporadic hepatitis E cases of 93.3%(84/90) occurred in the 20-59 age group,with male predominance.The male to female ratio was 5B1.Eig htypercent(72/90)cases occurred from November to May.Fourty-seven point six percent(40/84)patients had meals in small restaur ants,and 32.1% (27/84)had a business trip and 22.6%(19/84)had drinking unboiled water within 2 months before onset of the disease.Of 84 sporadic hepatitis E patients followed up for 6 months,82(97.6%)were recovered and 2(2.4%)died.Conclusion Sporadic hepatitis E accounted for 12.3% of acute viral hepatitis cases.The major clinical and epidemiological feature of the diesae is similar to that of epidemic hepatitis E.
Correlative Factors of Puerperal Depression Occurred in Rural Pregnant Women
CHEN Qi-yan, ZHANG Rong-lian, LAI Lan-zhao
2002, 18(2): 191-193. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-41
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Objectives In order to explore the correlative factors of puerperal depression occurred in rural pregnant women and to instruct nurses and maternal and child health members in skeleton MCH hospital to provide approperate psychological health and nursing.Methods The 396 cases of pregnant women were taken randomly from the out-patient department of MCH hospital in the mountainous area county from J an.1998 to Dec.1999.Surveying of their mood with Hospital Anxiety and Depression(HAD)was conducted,following surveying 370 cases after delivery within 7 days,12 cases in 3 months,4 cases in 6 months,10 cases in 1 year with Edinburgh Postnatal Depressiion Scale(EPDS).Results The rate of anxiety or depression mood during pregnancy and postnatal depression were 6.06%,8.08%,14.65% and it approached to the urban surveying results for 5.13%,4.37% and 15.01% in 1997.Conclusion In order to decrease the rate of postnatal depression in rural,first,it should be done to standardize rural pregnancy health and to strengthen psychological nusing;secondly,to incease services during delivery and to advocate natural delivery;thirdly,to catch primary crowds and elements in rural community to conduct useful physical psychological nursing and to give a face to face health education.
2002, 18(2): 193-193. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-42
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2002, 18(2): 194-194. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-43
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2002, 18(2): 195-196. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-44
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2002, 18(2): 196-196. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-45
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Anlaysis on Behavoirs Risk Factors of Chronic Disease in Residents of Beijing and Study its Countermeasure
JIAO Shu-fang, YEN Xiang-jun, WANG Yu
2002, 18(2): 197-198. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-46
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Objective To study the epidemiological tendency and risk factors of chronic disease on Beijing population.Methods An investigation in Beijing urban districts was conducted in a cross-sectional survey.A total of 15 000 permanent residents aged 15-69 years as a sample was randomly interviewed.Results (1)The chronic disease prevalence rate arrived at 35.90%(standardized is 24.78%),of which the male was 33.61% and female was 37.92%.The prevalence for female was higher than that of male(P<0.001).(2)Cigarette smoking rate was 31.61%,alcohol usage was 11.41%,overweight and non-activity rate were 31.45% and 33.90%.(3)Using multiple regression,age,gender,education,cigarette smoking,alcohol usage,overweight and non2activity were significantly associated with chronic disease(P<0.001).Conclusion The level of chronic2disease incidence and risk factors is high in residents of Beijing.Countermeasure should be strengeed soon.
Study on Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Patients Treated by Surgery
YU Xiao-nan, FU Wei-xi, JIANG Li
2002, 18(2): 199-200. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-47
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Objective To investigate the hepatitis C virus infection of patients treated by surgery.Methods Anti-HCV was detected with methods of ELISA and PT-PCR.Results The positive rate of anti-HCV was 3.15% in 25 500 cases treated by surgery.The infection rate of patients treated by hemostasis(13.11%)was significantly higher than those from other departments(P<0.01).There was not significant differnece between the other patients and the health controls(P>0.05).However the positive rate of HCV RNA was 77.2% in 500 cases of HCV.Conclusion The patients with hemostasis were athigh risk of HCV infection,it was very important to detect potential infection.
2002, 18(2): 200-200. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-48
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2002, 18(2): 201-202. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-49
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2002, 18(2): 203-204. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-50
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2002, 18(2): 205-205. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-51
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2002, 18(2): 206-207. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-52
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2002, 18(2): 207-207. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-53
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2002, 18(2): 208-208. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-54
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2002, 18(2): 209-210. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-55
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Study on Safety and Immunity of Influenza Vaccine for Children
ZHU Xiang-jun, LIU Zhi-tian, GAO Zhi-gang
2002, 18(2): 211-212. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-56
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Objective To study safety and immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine for children(Pastedur Merieux Biological Products Co.,Ltd).Methods Sixty-nine children aged below three years were selected randomly living in suburb of Tianjin city and vaccinating the influenza vaccine.Results The local-reaction rate was 2.9% and the systemic-reaction rate was 7.2%.The antibody positive rate of the influenza type H1N1,type H3N2 and type B was 83.7%,77.6% and 85.7% respectively after vaccination.The rate of antibody titer for three type≥1:40,were 95;9%,95.9%,38.8% respectively.Conclusion The vaccine was safe and the immunity of the influenza vaccine was good except type B.
A 14 Years Cohort Study on Immune Efficacy of Plasma-derived Hepatitis B Vaccine in Children with 2 Doses Schedule
LIU Hong-bin, MA Jing-chen, HAN Chang-quan
2002, 18(2): 212-213. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-57
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Objective To understand the protective efficacy of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in two-doses schedule.Methods In 1985,261 HBV susceptible children of 1-7 years old were immunized with plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine by 0,3 months schedule(10μg,10μg)in Hebei rural area.They were followed up for 14 years.Their serum samples were detected for hepatitis B infection markers,including HBsAg,anti-HBs and anti-HBc by RTA methods.Results The anti-HBs positive rates were 93.57% at the 1st year after vaccination,but gradually decresed to 52.13% at the 14th year.In the period of 14 years follow-up,1 child became HBsAg positive conversion at the 6th year after vaccination.Conclusion This practice showed that the efficacy of two-doses immunization schedule was good as three-doses schedule,which can pro- tect HBV susceptible children for a long time,and was worthy to be popularized in less developed areas.
2002, 18(2): 214-214. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-58
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Observation on Immunogenicity of Yeast Derived Recobinanthepatitis B Vaccine in Adults
FENG Zi-jian, FENG Xiu-hong, YE Ying
2002, 18(2): 215-216. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-59
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Objective To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of yeast recombinanthepatitis B vaccine(YDV)produced in China and accumulate data for formulating an adult immunization strategy.Methods One hundred and ninety-nine health adults were grouped randomly and vaccinated with different doses of YDV.The side-effects were monitored and blood samples were taken for anti-HBs testing.Results No serious general and local side response was found in all adults.After one month that immunization program was completed,89.25% of subjects were detected anti-HBs in 5μg inoculating group and 98.5% in 10μg inoculating group.The geomtric mean titres(GMT)of anti-HBs were 54.47mIU/ml in 10μg group and 18.8mIU/ml in 5μg group(P<0.05).Conclusion YDV produced in China was safe in adults.Inoculation with 10μg could yield very high anti-HBs titre.
2002, 18(2): 216-216. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-60
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2002, 18(2): 216-218. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-61
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2002, 18(2): 218-218. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-62
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2002, 18(2): 219-220. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-63
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2002, 18(2): 220-220. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-64
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2002, 18(2): 221-222. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-65
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2002, 18(2): 222-222. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-66
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Evaluation on Effect of Community-Based Intervention on Mental Disorders
HUANG Jin-mei, XU Jia-qiang, JIANG Li-yi
2002, 18(2): 223-224. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-67
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Objective To evaluate the effect of community-based intervention on mental disorders in a comunity.Methods These 336 cases of mental disorders diagnosed in a community of Foshan city in July 1998 were given the community-based intervention,such as pharmacotherapy,psy chotherapy,labour treatment and nur sing.After 3-years intervention,315 cases finished that course.Their clinical features,working capacity and quality of life before and after the intervention were compared.Results After the intervention,there were more patients took the recuperative measure,from 63.2% increased to 99.7%,P<0.01.The remission rate was increased from 18.1% to 43.2%,P<0.01.The patients'working capacity were increased,that ratio of full and half working capacity was incr eased from 13.0% to 33.0%,P<0.01.The scores of quality of life measured by COOP/WONCA,QL-index and KPS were markedly higher than before,P<0.01.Conclusion The community-based inter ventions for the mental disor ders may significantly improve both their health status and quality of life.
Analysis on Attitudes Towards Antemartial Pregnancy and Induced Abortion among Youth in Shanghai
CHEN Xi-kuan, WU Jun-qing, GAO Er-sheng
2002, 18(2): 225-227. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-68
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Objective To analyze the attitudes towards antemartial pregnancy and induced abortion among the youth who took physical examination for maniage certification.Methods To investigate 5 160 subjects(2 180 female,2180 male)by completing structural questionnaire.Results Those who r egarded antemartial pregnancy and induced abortion as shameful accounted for 11.6%,those who thought it as not good made up 51.7%,29.8% subjects considered that it could be understood,while 6.9% subjects thought that if they would marry it would be OK.The attitudes of female subjects were more conservative than male subjects.The lower the education levels were,the more conser vative they held attitude.Among different occupations,the most conservative were peasants,the most open were individual owners.The attitudes of those who had no definite living goal were more open.The looser the parents supervised their children,the less the parents understood the individual life of children,the more open the attitude towards sexual behavior before marriage held by their parents and friends,the more open the attitude towards pregnancy and abortion before marriage held by friends,the more open the subjects held the attitude tow ards antemartial pregnancy and abortion.Conclusion It was necessary to conduct essential education to help the youth to shape their attitude towards love and marriage.
2002, 18(2): 227-227. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-69
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Interventional Study on Usage Behaviors and Knowledge of Antibiotics in A Community Population
BAI Ya-na, ZHAO Chi, ZHANG Li-na
2002, 18(2): 228-230. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-70
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Objective To find out usage behaviors and knowledge of antibiotics in community population and to study the possibility of antibiotics using intervention with medicine education in communities.Methods An intervention of medicine education to one community population was carried out.Results The intervention of medicine education to community population had sig nificant effects on the seeking of medicine advice on patients.behaviors when the drug was invalid,on the time of taking in drugs or stopping them.The sources and prices of antibiotics,the basis of antibiotics selected,how to take in drugs and the higher prices of antibiotics were not significantly affected by the intervention.The average income of patients also played an important role in seeking medicine and antibiotics usage.How to seek medicine,behaviors after no drug affection and time of taking in drugs were significantly enhanced in the lower income population,but these factors were not so high in the higher income population as their pre-intervention correct selecting was much higher.The time of stopping drugs after the disease sy mptom had lost was not affected in the lower income population but was significantly cared in the higher income population.Conclusion Medical educat ion to community population could significantly change their way of seeking medicines and antibiotics usage.
Study on Application of Microwave Acid-digestion in Determination of Metal Elements
SUN Yu-ling, LIU Jing-zhen
2002, 18(2): 231-232. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-71
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Objective A ML S-1200 microwave digestion system is developed for determination of metal elements accurately.Methods Samples from animals,plants,aquatic products,grain,fat,human hair and cosmetics are digested with nitric acid,hydrogen peroxide solution using high-pressure microwave digestion of Milstone.In addition,the accuracy and precision is verified by using national standard substances of tea,cow liver.Results Accuracy of the method is 92%-103% by using the digesting system of nitric acid,hydrogen peroxide solution;the precision of the mothod is 1.2%-8.0%.Conclusion Scientific digesting system and process is developed.It is rapid,sharp,accurate.All technical indexes come to or exceed the requirement of national standard with the value of populizing and applying.
2002, 18(2): 233-234. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-72
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2002, 18(2): 235-235. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-73
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2002, 18(2): 236-236. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-74
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2002, 18(2): 237-239. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-75
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2002, 18(2): 239-239. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-76
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2002, 18(2): 240-240. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-77
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2002, 18(2): 241-242. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-78
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2002, 18(2): 243-244. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-79
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2002, 18(2): 245-246. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-80
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2002, 18(2): 247-248. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-81
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2002, 18(2): 249-250. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-82
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2002, 18(2): 250-251. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-83
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2002, 18(2): 252-253. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-84
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2002, 18(2): 253-254. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-85
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2002, 18(2): 255-256. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2002-18-02-86
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