Special Report —— Construction of Public Health System
- Performance-based pay system for staff in disease control and prevention institutions: a discussion on account of politic, economic, social, and technology analysis
- Emergency medical team in China-construction under international standard and response to coronavirus disease pandemic
- Application and innovation of telemedicine in response to major public health emergencies
Notes to AuthorsMore>
Email alert
RSS
Display Method:
, Available online ,
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1139775
Abstract
HTML
PDF 520KB
Abstract:
Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant in November 2021, the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) epidemics caused by the variant it has rapidly spread all over the world and the variant become the dominant strain in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Under the Omicron variant-induced pandemic, the effects of COVID-19 vaccine based on the ancestral strain has been brought to researches' attention around the world and many scholars have carried out researches on the immunological and preventive effects of different COVID-19 vaccines on the Omicron variant and immunization strategies. Reviewing literatures published from November 1st, 2021 to July 26th, 2022, the study systematically discussed immunological and preventive effects of COVID-19 vaccines on Omicron variant infections for providing a reference to public health decisions such as vaccination strategy optimization and research development.
Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant in November 2021, the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) epidemics caused by the variant it has rapidly spread all over the world and the variant become the dominant strain in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Under the Omicron variant-induced pandemic, the effects of COVID-19 vaccine based on the ancestral strain has been brought to researches' attention around the world and many scholars have carried out researches on the immunological and preventive effects of different COVID-19 vaccines on the Omicron variant and immunization strategies. Reviewing literatures published from November 1st, 2021 to July 26th, 2022, the study systematically discussed immunological and preventive effects of COVID-19 vaccines on Omicron variant infections for providing a reference to public health decisions such as vaccination strategy optimization and research development.
, Available online ,
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1139515
Abstract:
Objective To examine the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) among old people receiving booster dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and to provide reference data for evaluating the safety of COVID-19 vaccine booster immunization in the population. Methods Using a self-designed questionnaire on AEFI, we conducted person-to-person telephone interviews among 1 157 vaccinees aged 60 years and above 7 – 14 days after receiving booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine at a community healthcare service station between October 2021 and March 2022. Results Of all the elderly interviewed, 122 (10.54%) reported AEFI. Local reaction was the most frequently reported AEFI (112 person times in 90 participants) and the majority (64.29%, 72/112 person times) of the local reactions was pain at the injection site. Of the 90 participants reporting AEFI, 58.89% (n = 53) had their adverse events spontaneously improved one or two days after the vaccination. Totally 46 person times of systemic reactions were reported by 38 participants, and 32.61% (15 person times) of the systemic reactions was fatigue; the reported systemic reactions also spontaneously improved in 21 (55.26%) of the sufferers one or two days after the vaccination. There were 6 participants reporting both local and systemic reaction. No significant association of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia with the occurrence of AEFI was observed. There was a significant difference in the incidence of AEFI among the participants having different booster immunization schedules (χ2 = 14.705, P < 0.05). Among the participants having inactivated vaccines, the incidence of AEFI was 12.59% (36/286) for those with the booster dose of homologous vaccine from the same manufacture as their routine vaccination and the incidence was 9.50% (67/705) for those with the booster dose of homologous vaccine but from different manufacture; among the participants having two doses recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (type 5 adenovirus vector, abbreviated as adenovirus) the AEFI incidence was 13.33% (2/15); among the participants having non homologous vaccine booster dose, the AEFI incidence was 22.41% (13/58) or 4.30% (4/93) for those with the booster dose of adenovirus vaccine or recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell vaccine). Conclusion The incidence of AEFI was lower in the elderly after receiving booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine with different immunization schedules and most of the AEFI were transient, self-limiting reactions, indicating a good safety of booster immunization of COVID-19 vaccine .
, Available online ,
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1139326
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the characteristics of local coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases aged ≥ 60 years in Zhejiang province during the epidemic period dominantly due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection for providing evidences to the improvement of COVID-19 prevention and control among the elderly. Methods The information on all local COVID-19 cases aged ≥ 60 years at the diagnosis reported in Zhejiang province from March through April, 2022 were extracted from the National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and from the reports field surveys on the cases. Descriptive statistics were conducted to analyze epidemiological characteristics of the cases. Results Of a total of 163 elderly local COVID-19 cases reported during the two months, 82 (50.31%) were confirmed cases and 81 (49.69%) were asymptomatic infections. Among the 82 confirmed cases, 69(84.15%)were mild type and 13(15.85%) were common type; no severe/critical case and mortality were reported.. For all the cases, the male to female ratio was 0.92 : 1; the age ranged from 60 to 95 years, with a median age of 68 years. The majority (69.33%, n = 113) of the cases occupations were non-social workers. Nearly a half (46.01%, n = 75) of the cases had underlying diseases. More than a half (57.06%, n = 93) of the cases had full-dose COVID-19 vaccination with booster injection. Of the cases, 69.94% (114) were identified among the people under centralized medical observation. Among the cases with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, the proportion of common type patients was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic infection compared with the cases without the diseases (P = 0.008). The proportion of common type COVID-19 was significantly lower than that of asymptomatic infection (P = 0.015) and mild type COVID-19 (P = 0.012) for the cases with booster COVID-19 vaccination in comparison with those without the booster vaccination. Conclusion The clinical manifestation of local elderly COVID-19 cases was generally mild during the epidemic induced mainly by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The study results suggested that promoting COVID-19 vaccination and developing Omicron variant-specific vaccine are of significance for COVID-19 epidemic control and prevention in elderly population.
, Available online ,
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1139133
Abstract:
Objective To examine the difference in epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemics caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prototype strain and Omicron variant in a border area of Yunnan province for providing references to real-time adjustment of regional measures on COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control. Methods Field surveys were conducted to collected relevant information on confirmed cases, asymptomatic infections, close contacts and secondary close contacts from two COVID-19 outbreaks in Ruili – a border city of Yunnan province: an epidemic during March 29 – April 19, 2021 caused by SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain based on whole gene sequencing (abbreviated as prototype-caused epidemic) and an another during February 16 – March 26, 2022 caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2 (variant-caused epidemic). Descriptive statistics were performed to compare epidemiological characteristics between the two COVID-19 outbreaks. Results Both the two outbreaks were induced by imported cases from abroad. The majority of sufferers were confirmed cases (93/117, 79.49%) for the prototype-caused epidemic and were asymptomatic infections (314/384, 81.77%) for the variant-caused epidemic, with a significant difference in the proportion between the two epidemics (χ2 = 177.254, P < 0.001). In nucleic acid tests at the time of diagnosis, the cycle threshold (Ct) values of ORF1ab gene and N gene for the cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain were significantly higher than those for the cases with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection (Z = 6.089, 6.924, P < 0.001). The proportions of cases aged < 15 years and > 60 years in the variant-caused epidemic were significantly higher than those in the prototype-caused epidemic (χ2 = 33.236, P < 0.001). The incubation period (median [M], 25th percentile [P25], 75th percentile [P75]) for the secondary infections among close contacts was not significantly different between the two epidemics (3 [1,4.75] vs. 3 [2, 5], Z = – 1.54, P = 0.124), with 88.75% and 95.24% of the secondary infections having the incubation period less than 7 days for the prototype- and variant-caused epidemic. The secondary infection rate of close contacts was 1.17% (80/6 833) and 2.78% (145/5 223) and the rate of core close contact was 6.3% (58/920) and 6.23% (111/1782) for the prototype- and variant-caused epidemic. No secondary infection was detected among general close contacts and secondary close contacts and the secondary infection rate was the highest among the contacts living together with confirmed cases, followed by that among those having dinner with the confirmed cases. Totally 11 and 48 clustering epidemics were identified in the two COVID-19 outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain and Omicron variant, involving 76.07% and 33.85% of all diagnosed cases during the two outbreaks. Conclusion Compared to SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2 exhibits higher infectivity and could result in more asymptomatic infections. The study results should be considered in developing measures on COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control.
, Available online ,
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1139286
Abstract:
The coronavirus disease -19 (COVID - 19) pandemic is not only a major public health emergency of high global concern, but also has caused long - term adverse effects on physical and mental health of patients. The long - term sequelae of COVID - 19 has increasingly attracted the attention of the medical community and the whole society, and become a public health problem that cannot be ignored. An in - depth understanding of symptoms and harms of long coronavirus disease (long COVID) and strengthening health management on patients with long COVID are essential to reduce and avoid adverse effects of long COVID. This study reviews the latest research progress on long COVID at home and abroad, and on the basis of analyzing and summarizing adverse effects of long COVID on individuals, families and the society, puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to provide a reference for preventing and managing health hazards caused by long COVID in China.
The coronavirus disease -19 (COVID - 19) pandemic is not only a major public health emergency of high global concern, but also has caused long - term adverse effects on physical and mental health of patients. The long - term sequelae of COVID - 19 has increasingly attracted the attention of the medical community and the whole society, and become a public health problem that cannot be ignored. An in - depth understanding of symptoms and harms of long coronavirus disease (long COVID) and strengthening health management on patients with long COVID are essential to reduce and avoid adverse effects of long COVID. This study reviews the latest research progress on long COVID at home and abroad, and on the basis of analyzing and summarizing adverse effects of long COVID on individuals, families and the society, puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to provide a reference for preventing and managing health hazards caused by long COVID in China.
, Available online ,
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1139538
Abstract:
Objective To analyze and compare prevalence characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cluster epidemic-related secondary infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variant in Ningbo city, and to provide a basis for optimizing and adjusting measures on COVID-19 prevention and control. Methods From the National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and the reports of field surveys, we extracted the information on 171 COVID-19 cases with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant infection identified among close contacts of 37 local COVID-19 outbreaks in Ningbo city from December 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022. Descriptive analysis was performed to analyze prevalence characteristics of the cases and the incubation period of secondary infection was calculated for the cases with definite exposure time to index cases. Results Of all the cases, 80.70% (n = 138) and 19.30% (n = 33) were confirmed patients and asymptomatic infections; 64.33% (n = 110) and 35.67% (n = 61) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant, respectively. The proportion of asymptomatic infection was significantly higher in the cases infected with Omicron variant than that in the cases with Delta variant (54.10% vs. 0, P < 0.05). The mean incubation period was 3.45 ± 0.44 days for the 22 confirmed cases (15 and 7 with Delta and Omicron variant infection) after a definite exposure to the index case. The longest incubation period of Delta and Omicron variant infection were 8 and 6 days. The mean incubation period was 3.60 ± 0.58 and 3.14 ± 0.63 days for Delta and Omicron variant infection, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The interval time between the last exposure and the first positive detection of nucleic acid was ≤ 7 days for the cases with Omicron variant infection. The Ct value of N gene at the first positive nucleic acid detection was significantly higher in the patients with Omicron variant infection than that in those with Delta variant infection (P < 0.05), but the average hospitalization days of the cases with Omicron variant infection was significantly lower than that of cases infected with Delta variant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection is less than 7 days and Omicron variant infection is less pathogenic than Delta variant infection. The results suggest that the recommended managent and control measures for close contacts are 7 days′ centralized isolation and 3 days′ home-based health monitoring.
, Available online ,
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1137412
Abstract:
Severe circumstance of global public health has posed higher requirements for rapid response to public health emergencies in port cities, especially at border ports, and it is urgent to construct a rapid decision-making mechanism for the response to public health emergency in port city in China. In this paper, the basic elements of public health emergency management decision-making, the structure of decision-making system, as well as the experience of port cities in responding to public health emergencies, are summarized. Specific problems in decision-making mechanism for the response to public health emergency in port city were also discussed in the paper, including the risk identification and screening of infectious diseases, novel model for comprehensive risk management of public health event, the application of artificial intelligence technology to construct rapid response infrastructure, and the structure and operation mode of the early-warning decision-making system.
Severe circumstance of global public health has posed higher requirements for rapid response to public health emergencies in port cities, especially at border ports, and it is urgent to construct a rapid decision-making mechanism for the response to public health emergency in port city in China. In this paper, the basic elements of public health emergency management decision-making, the structure of decision-making system, as well as the experience of port cities in responding to public health emergencies, are summarized. Specific problems in decision-making mechanism for the response to public health emergency in port city were also discussed in the paper, including the risk identification and screening of infectious diseases, novel model for comprehensive risk management of public health event, the application of artificial intelligence technology to construct rapid response infrastructure, and the structure and operation mode of the early-warning decision-making system.
, Available online ,
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122093
Abstract:
Objective To examine the status of and research progress in contracted family doctor services in China and to summarize general problems existing in the implementation the services for providing references for the development of applicative mode of contracted family doctor services in China. Methods Studies on contracted family doctor services in China published till April 2018 were systematically searched through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedicine Database (CBM), Wanfang and Chinese Science-Technology Periodical Database (VIP) database. EndNote X7 and Excel 2010 were used to manage and analyze the retrieved studies. Results All the 24 finally included articles were cross-sectional studies, of which 20 and 4 were conducted among urban and rural residents. Higher rates (36% – 96%) of awareness about contracted family doctor services were reported by studies conducted among residents in Guangdong province, followed by among those (16% – 90%) in Beijing. Higher proportions (42% – 100%) of participating in contracted family doctor services were reported by the studies conducted among the residents in Beijing, followed by those (30% – 74%) in Shanghai. A higher rate (86.33%) of satisfaction to contracted family doctor services was reported by the studies conducted among the residents in Beijing, followed that (56% – 80%) in Guangdong province. Major hindering factors for the implementation of contracted family doctor services indicated by the studies were shortage of family doctors, lack of awareness on the services among the public, low salary of family doctors, imperfect management, incentive, insurance, and information support for the services. Conclusion The rate of awareness about, participating in, and satisfaction to contracted family doctor services are higher among residents in economically developed provinces/municipalities and in urban area than among those in less developed regions and in rural areas in China. More researches on the issue need to be performed for effective implementation of contracted family doctor services.
Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes /issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
Display Method:
, Available online ,
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1132296
Abstract:
Objective To examine indoor radon pollution and its associates in houses and offices with recent interior decoration in Shenyang city of Liaoning province and to provide evidences for developing targeted control measures against the pollution. Methods From Shenyang Construction Engineering Quality Testing Center, we collected the data on indoor radon detections for 581 houses and 151 offices after recent interior decoration in 25 buildings in Shenyang city during 2017. The concentrations of radon were described and the relationship between the indoor radon and decoration conditions was analyzed statistically. Results The mean indoor radon concentration of the offices was significantly higher than that of the houses (75.822 ± 4.090 vs. 69.285 ± 7.128 Bq/m3, P < 0.05). The most important influencing factor of room-specific radon concentration is the floor number of the room located on. The major influencing factors of indoor radon concentration for houses included whether the white powder (mainly consisted of calcium carbonate, cellulose and white latex) being used for interior wall decoration and the distance from a main road; in addition to whether the white powder being used for interior wall decoration, the indoor radon concentration of an office also influenced by the utilization of floor, marble tile, and polyvinyl chloride floor covering. Conclusion Decoration-related factors need to be concerned for the prevention and control of indoor radon pollution in houses and offices.
, Available online ,
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1128317
Abstract:
Objective To examine the performance and support pattern of nonlocal medical relief personnel at designated hospitals during containment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Hubei province for providing references to on-site support in the case of controlling similar respiratory infectious disease epidemic. Methods During 10 – 15 February 2020, we conducted a questionnaire survey and an interview among 279 medical relief personnel and 15 relief team leaders/managers from Sichuan province. Information on personnel structure, relief support pattern, relief work content and difficulties in relief work in the containment of COVID-19 in Hubei province were collected and analyzed. Results The patterns of relief support practice reported by the respondents included: (1) being in the charge of medication for all COVID-19 patients in a designated ward; (2) taking full responsibility for the medication of COVID-19 patients in a designated ward or department by a relief support team; (3) the same as the second pattern but by the relief support team and local medical professionals. The nonlocal medical relief personnel reported executing the relief work smoothly under local professional and social environment but reduced working performance due to the lack of medical equipments, without adequate accompanying articles for daily living, and overworking-induced low work efficiency. Conclusion The professional skill of relief personnel, material preparation and pre-service training are important for nonlocal medical relief personnel conducting efficient onsite support in public health emergency response.
Display Method:
2022, 38(7): 833-837.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1135340
Abstract:
Objective To examine the status and influencing factors of health-related quality of life (HrQoL) among patients with noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in urban and rural China for improving the health status of the patients and developing targeted measures on the patients′ health management. Methods With a general questionnaire and the Three-Level EuroQol Five Dimensional Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), face-to-face interviews were conducted among 13 362 residents aged 15 years and older selected using stratified multistage random sampling in a district/prefecture/county of one of 5 provinces in eastern, central and western China during July – August, 2018. From the 12 470 participants with valid information, 4 052 NCDs patients (1 474 [36.38%] and 2 578 [63.62%] from urban and rural regions) were included in the study to analyze HrQoL and its associates among the patients. Results Among the urban and rural patients, the proportions of reporting difficulties in mobility, self-care, and daily activities were 12.89% and 27.85%, 8.07% and 19.16%, and 12.21% and 29.09%; while, the proportions of reporting symptoms of pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression were 24.90% and 55.97%, 4.95% and 28.67%, respectively. The health utility value was 0.939 ± 0.105 for all the patients and the health utility value of the urban patients was significantly higher than that of the rural patients (0.966 ± 0.090 vs. 0.924 ± 0.110; t = 13.629, P < 0.001). The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that for urban patients, those being smokers and having regular physical examination are more likely to have a higher HrQoL, but those being fremale, suffering from multiple chronic diseases, and in families with poor economic condition are more likely to have a lower HrQoL; for rural patients, those being married, being employed, with education of high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school and above, and having an annual household income of 8 000 yuan RMB per capita are more likely to have a higher HrQoL, whereas, those aged 25 years and older, with medical service provided by contracted family doctors, suffering from multiple chronic diseases, and in families with poor economic condition are more likely to have a lower HrQoL. Conclusion Among NCDs patients in China, the HrQoL of urban patients is higher than that of rural patients and suffering from multiple chronic diseases and with poor household economic condition are risk factors of lower HrQoL for both urban and rural patients.
2022, 38(7): 838-843.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1134585
Abstract:
With the increasing burden of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) around the world, NCDs have become an important public health problem threatening human health, and the management on NCDs is also facing tough challenges. In the past decade, mobile health has been expanding as an emerging field, showing broad application prospects in the self-management of patients with NCDs. By providing effective self-management support for patients with NCDs, mobile health plays an important role in helping patients monitoring and managing their disease symptoms, improving drug treatment adherence, promoting the change of unhealthy lifestyle and improving the prognosis of patients. The study systematically reviews current status, existing problems and prospects of mobile health applications in the self-management of four NCDs, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes for providing reference to further research in this field.
With the increasing burden of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) around the world, NCDs have become an important public health problem threatening human health, and the management on NCDs is also facing tough challenges. In the past decade, mobile health has been expanding as an emerging field, showing broad application prospects in the self-management of patients with NCDs. By providing effective self-management support for patients with NCDs, mobile health plays an important role in helping patients monitoring and managing their disease symptoms, improving drug treatment adherence, promoting the change of unhealthy lifestyle and improving the prognosis of patients. The study systematically reviews current status, existing problems and prospects of mobile health applications in the self-management of four NCDs, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes for providing reference to further research in this field.
2022, 38(7): 844-847.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1135054
Abstract:
Non - communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), as a primary global health threat, have caused an increasingly heavy burden all over the world. Compared with traditional statistical model, the agent - based model no longer focuses on fitting general characteristics, but to simulate individual changes under the interaction between individuals and environmental influence on individuals by building individual - based models for simulating the characteristics of a population. By including time - dependent changes in characteristics of human and environment and their interactions, the agent - based model could be used to simulate dynamic changing process of changes in characteristics of human and environment with time. Therefore, the agent - based model can be adopted to simulate complex problems closer to the real situation. The study introduced the structure and characteristics of the agent - based model and reviewed the application and limitations of the model in prediction of NCDs prevalence to provide theoretical and empirical support for the application of the model in NCDs prevention and control.
Non - communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), as a primary global health threat, have caused an increasingly heavy burden all over the world. Compared with traditional statistical model, the agent - based model no longer focuses on fitting general characteristics, but to simulate individual changes under the interaction between individuals and environmental influence on individuals by building individual - based models for simulating the characteristics of a population. By including time - dependent changes in characteristics of human and environment and their interactions, the agent - based model could be used to simulate dynamic changing process of changes in characteristics of human and environment with time. Therefore, the agent - based model can be adopted to simulate complex problems closer to the real situation. The study introduced the structure and characteristics of the agent - based model and reviewed the application and limitations of the model in prediction of NCDs prevalence to provide theoretical and empirical support for the application of the model in NCDs prevention and control.
2022, 38(7): 848-851.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1135234
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the correlation between kidney size and renal function in community patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD), and to provide a reference for prognosis evaluation of CKD patients. Methods With random cluster sampling, 9 257 permanent residents aged 20 – 75 years were recruited in a town of Songjiang district, Shanghai for a survey including questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory test from June 2016 to November 2017. From 8 207 residents completing the survey, 914 CDK patients without unilateral nephrectomy were identified. Then, the CDK patients′ kidney size were measured with B-mode ultrasonography and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was adopted to assess the patients′ renal function. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between kidney size and eGFR, and multivariate logistic regression and areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) were used to compare the efficiency of different models for renal function decline prediction. Results Of all the patients, 706 (77.2%) had normal renal function and 208 (22.8%) had decreased renal function. Compared to those in the patients with normal renal function, significantly shorter length and width of both kidneys were measured in both male and female patients with decreased renal function (all P < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significantly positive correlations of left renal length (r = 0.278) and width (r = 0.268), right renal length (r = 0.263) and width (r = 0.134) with eGFR (all P < 0.001) and the correlation between left kidney size and eGFR was the strongest after adjusting for body surface area (r = 0.411, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression models for kidney size-related renal function decline prediction were constructed with corrected kidney size and other diagnostic indicators. Compared with other models, the model 3 with the independent variables of corrected kidney size, gender, age and hyperuricemic state is of strongest efficiency in predicting renal function decline, with an AUC of 0.836 (95% confidence interval: 0.810 – 0.859). Conclusion There is a significant correlation between kidney size and renal function in community CKD patients. Kidney size combined with other related factors are important indicators for predicting the decline of renal function and could be employed to evaluate the prognosis of CKD patients.
2022, 38(7): 852-855.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1135392
Abstract:
Objective To explore correlations of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at KIR3DL1 rs35974949 and rs35656676 with the susceptibility and chronicity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to provide clinical evidences for screening, diagnosis and individualized prevention of HCV infection. Methods With cluster sampling from August 2008 to December 2015, we conducted face-to-face questionnaire interview, detections of HCV RNA, anti-HCV antibodies and other related serum indicators, and genotyping of KIR3DL1 r35974949 and rs35656676 with quantitative real-time PCR TaqMan assay among 2 537 people aged 18 – 79 years and at high risk of HCV infection but not ever having interferon and direct antiviral drug treatment, including 1 788 rural residents with paid blood donation history from 25 villages and 749 hemodialysis patients from 9 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu province. According to detection results, the participants were then assigned into one of the three groups: uninfected control group (1 512 individuals) being seronegative for both anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA, spontaneous HCV clearance group (382) being seropositive for anti-HCV antibodies but seronegative for HCV RNA, and persistent HCV infection group (643) being seropositive for both anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze relationships between SNP at KIR3DL1 rs35974949 and rs35656676 and the susceptibility and chronicity of HCV infection. Results The proportions of KIR3DL1 rs35974949 GG, GT and TT genotype carriers were 78.47%, 20.05% and 1.49% in control group; 76.64%, 19.16% and 4.20% in spontaneous clearance group; and 74.34%, 19.60% and 6.07% in persistent HCV infection group; while, those of KIR3DL1 rs35656676 CC, CG and GG genotype carriers were 31.32%, 50.60% and 18.08% in control group; 31.68%, 49.74% and 18.59% in spontaneous clearance group; and 31.78%, 50.47% and 17.76% in persistent HCV infection group, respectively. After adjusting for gender, age, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) abnormality, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) abnormality and route of HCV infection, unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the individuals carrying KIR3DL1 rs35974949 TT genotype were more likely to have an increased HCV susceptibility (codominant model: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.802, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.571 – 4.998, P < 0.001; recessive genetic model: aOR = 2.860, 95% CI: 1.607 – 5.090, P < 0.001) compared with those carrying KIR3DL1 rs35974949 GG/GT genotype. However, no significant association of KIR3DL1 rs35974949 genotype with HCV chronicity was derived. Furthermore, no significant associations of KIR3DL1 rs35656676 polymorphism with HCV susceptibility and chronicity were observed. Conclusion Single nucleotide polymorphism at KIR3DL1 rs35974949 is associated with increased susceptibility of HCV infection in high risk populations.
2022, 38(7): 856-860.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1134924
Abstract:
Objective To examine the relationship between urinary copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) and the incidence of nodular goiter and to provide evidences for nodular goiter prevention and treatment. Methods The cases of the study were 373 pathologically diagnosed nodular goiter patients hospitalized in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Anhui Cancer Hospital from September 2016 through March 2019; while, the controls were 1 : 1 individually gender- and age (± 2 years)-matched healthy people selected from a cohort study conducted in Anhui province. Face-to-face questionnaire interviews and laboratory tests were carried out among the participants. Results Significantly lower morning urinary Cu (median [µg/g]; 25th quartile, 75th quartile) was detected in the cases compared to that in the controls (6.13; 2.36, 11.00 vs. 10.36; 6.27, 16.95; Z = – 6.625; P < 0.001); while, no significant differences between the cases and the controls were detected in morning urinary Zn (312.16; 98.65, 500.19 vs. 340.40; 99.41, 580.54) and As (30.44; 4.36, 88.30 vs. 23.75; 3.67, 81.82) (both P > 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, marital status, smoking, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, daily sleep time, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, urinary Zn and urinary As, the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher urinary Cu was associated with a decreased risk of nodular goiter (the third quartile [Q3] – the highest quartile [Q4] vs. the lowest quartile [Q1]: odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.54 – 0.98; [Q4] vs. Q1: OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39 – 0.81; and Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19 – 0.97 only for male participants); the analyses did not revealed significant correlations between urinary Zn and As and nodular goiter incidence (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Urinary Cu concentration may reversely associated with nodular goiter incidence in Chinese people.
2022, 38(7): 861-865.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1125491
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) among rural adult residents in Xinxiang county of Henan province for providing evidences to CHD prevention. Methods Using random cluster sampling, we recruited 10 691 adult residents (≥ 18 years old) in 17 villages of Xinxiang county and conducted face-to-face interview, physical examination and laboratory tests among the residents during April – June 2017. Results Among the 10 267 residents with complete data, 892 were identified with CHD; the crude and age-standardized prevalence rate of CHD was 8.69% and 6.65%. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that aged ≥ 50 years, divorced or separated, smoking cessation, abstinence of alcohol, and suffering from hypertension/diabetes/stroke/central obesity were risk factors for CHD and current alcohol drinking was a protective factor against CHD. Conclusion The prevalence of CHD is relatively high and influenced by age, marital status, central obesity, history of smoking and alcohol drinking, and condition of hypertension, diabetes and stroke among adult rural residents in Xinxiang city, Henan province.
2022, 38(7): 866-869.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1134698
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination, causes of without the vaccination and their influencing factors among 15 – 59 years old residents in Xiangyang and Xiaogan city of Hubei province, and to provide evidences for developing strategies on HB prevention and control in the population. Methods Using a self-designed questionnaire, we conducted a voluntary survey among 1 398 permanent residents aged 15 – 59 years recruited with multistage random sampling in urban and rural regions of Xiangyang and Xiaogan city during March – November, 2020. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data collected. Results Of all the participants, 65.38% (914) reported having HB vaccination and 37.7% (527) reported full-does HB vaccination. Among the participants never having HB vaccination, 308 (63.64%) reported the willingness to have the vaccination; while, the main reason for being unwilling to have the vaccination was considering that the vaccination is unnecessary due to self-perceived good health. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that occupation, education, monthly income, and whether with HB patients around were significant influential factors of HB vaccination. Conclusion For adult residents in Xiangyang and Xiaogan city, being a farmer, with lower education and having high income are risk factors for without HB vaccination and the residents with HB patients around could pay attention to HB vaccination.
2022, 38(7): 870-875.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1134808
Abstract:
Objective To examine the 2-year dynamics of quality of life (QoL) and its influencing factors among community elderly empty-nesters in Ma'anshan city and to provide evidence for developing health care strategies and conducting health care services and health education in the elderly. Methods With stratified cluster random sampling, we conducted a baseline survey among 3 476 permanent residents aged 60 years and above in Ma′anshan city from December 2016 to March 2017 and a follow-up interview was conducted from December 2018 to March 2019. Finally, the information on 2 344 elderly being empty-nesters during the period of baseline and follow-up survey were extracted to analyze dynamics and influencing factors of QoL for the elderly empty-nesters. World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), Stress Resilience Quotient Scale (SRQS), and a self-designed questionnaire were used in the study. Results Compared to those in the baseline survey in all the elderly empty-nesters, significantly lower scores of WHOQOL-BREF′s psychological domain (55.40 ± 10.76 vs. 65.71 ± 13.52) and social relationship domain (65.70 ± 12.56 vs. 67.43 ± 12.42) were measured in the follow-up survey (both P < 0.05); while there were no significant differences in the scores of physiological domain (64.62 ± 13.92 vs. 65.22 ± 14.55) and environmental domain (63.53 ± 11.90 vs. 63.97 ± 12.67) (both P > 0.05). The results of generalized estimating equation analysis revealed following influencing factors of elderly empty-nesters′ QoL: (1) for psychological domain, aged ≥ 70 years, impaired ADL, and depression were risk factors and moderate or good self-rated economic condition, smoking, alcohol-drinking, taking part in physical exercise, moderate or high resilience were protective factors; (2) for physiological domain, aged ≥ 70 years, with the education of primary school or above, living alone, suffering from a chronic disease, declined or impaired ADL, and depression were risk factors and moderate or good self-rated economic condition, smoking, alcohol-drinking, taking part in physical exercise, moderate or high resilience were protective factors; (3) for social relationship domain, aged 70 – 79 years, living alone, impaired ADL, and depression were risk factors and being female, moderate or good self-rated economic condition, alcohol-drinking, moderate or high resilience were protective factors; and (4) for environmental domain, impaired ADL and depression were risk factors and moderate or good self-rated economic condition, smoking, alcohol- drinking, taking part in physical exercise, moderate or high resilience were protective factors. Conclusion For community elderly empty-nesters in Ma′anshan city, the main problem in quality of life is the declined quality of psychology and social relationship domains and the quality of the two domains are influenced in common by age, self-rated economic condition, alcohol-drinking, activity of daily living, depression, and resilience.
2022, 38(7): 876-878.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1135713
Abstract:
Objective To examine the prevalence and risk factors of healthy lifestyle among Yi ethnic residents aged 30 to 79 years in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Chuxiong) of Yunnan province for providing evidences to chronic disease prevention and control in ethnic minorities. Methods The participants of the survey were 6 493 Yi ethnic residents (aged 30 – 79 years) recruited using stratified multistage random cluster sampling in two counties of Chuxiong. Face-to-face interviews with a self-designed questionnaire and physical examination were carried out among the participants from December 2018 through March 2019. The seven characteristics of healthy lifestyle for this study included not smoking currently, never or almost not consuming alcohol, with healthy diet behavior, having relatively high physical exercise, having sufficient sleep, with normal weight, and without central obesity and one score was assigned for each of the characteristics in healthy lifestyle scale. Results Of the 6 122 participants completing the survey, 55.8% (3 418) were assessed as with healthy lifestyle based on their healthy lifestyle scores of 4 and above; the mean of healthy lifestyle score was 3.69 ± 1.26 for all the participants and only 0.1% (8) of the participants had the maximum score of 7 for the healthy lifestyle scale. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the females (odds ratio [OR] = 2.889, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.570 – 3.247) and those being married (OR = 1.356, 95% CI: 1.151 – 1.599) are more likely to have a healthy lifestyle compared to the males and those unmarried; while, in comparison to those aged less than 45 years, the participants aged 45 – 59 years (OR = 0.752, 95% CI: 0.654 – 0.865) and ≥ 60 (OR = 0.712, 95% CI: 0.599 – 0.846) are less likely to have a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion The prevalence of healthy lifestyle is at a low level and affected mainly by gender, age and marital status among 30 – 79 Yi ethnic residents in Chuxiong prefecture.
2022, 38(7): 879-883.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1135050
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the access to vaccine information and recommendation practice of non-Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) vaccines among vaccination service providers (VSPs) in China and to provide suggestions on promoting recommendation intention of non-EPI vaccines among VSPs. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 584 VSPs recruited using two-stage cluster sampling in Anhui and Shaanxi province and Shenzhen municipality in central, western, and eastern China during January 2019. The participants′ information on socio-demographic characteristics, recommendation practice of non-EPI vaccines, channels and sources for getting knowledge about vaccination were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Univariate chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression model were adopted in data analyses. Results Of the 555 participants with valid responses, only 51.53% reported frequent recommendation of non-EPI vaccines to clinic attendees. Among the participants, 83.60%, 61.08%, 36.64%, and 58.92% reported getting information on non-EPI vaccines from training programmes/seminars, medical workers, professional books, and media and the proportions of the participants getting the information disseminated by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), vaccine manufacturers, and government agencies were 97.48%, 31.17%, and 29.73%, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the participants working in Shenzhen municipality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.51 – 0.85), being nurses (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.46 – 0.92) were less likely to carry on recommendation of non-EPI vaccines; while, the participants aged over 45 years (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.01 – 4.11), getting non-EPI vaccine-related information from training programmes/seminars (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.62 – 2.76)/professional books (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08 – 1.51) and disseminated by vaccine manufacturers (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.11 – 2.18) were more likely to recommend non-EPI vaccines to clinic attendees. Conclusion The practice of recommendation on non-EPI vaccines among VSPs is at a low level in China. The results of the study suggest that effective measures such as promoting dissemination of non-EPI vaccine-related information in training programmes/seminars and professional books should be implemented to increase the VSPs′ recommendation practice.
2022, 38(7): 884-886.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1136417
Abstract:
Objective To study bactericidal effect of ultraviolet A – light emitting diode (UVA-LED) irradiation combined with phytochemical of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on two diarrhea-causing pathogens. Methods Two diarrhea-causing pathogenic bacteria, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP), were used as the subjects. Bactericidal experiments in 3 × 2 factorial design were performed with the combined treatment of different concentrations of AITC and UVA365 nm-LED irradiation; and the bacteria survival was assessed with colony form unit (CFU) and logarithm value of survival rate was calculated. The interactive effect of AITC and UVA365 nm-LED irradiation was evaluated with analysis of variance for factorial design and illustrated with schematic diagram. Results The bactericidal effect of AITC alone was gradually increased with the increment of concentration (P < 0.05). The effect of the combination of UVA-LED irradiation with AITC on the two pathogenic bacteria were statistically significant (P < 0.05). When UVA365 nm irradiation was combined with 1 mg/ml AITC, the survive ratio of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was even reduced to – 6.15 lg. Conclusion Synergistic bactericidal effect exists for combined treatment of UVA-LED irradiation and AITC on ETEC and VP.
2022, 38(7): 887-890.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1135003
Abstract:
Objective To explore spatiotemporal distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and mortality and their changing trend in China from 2004 to 2018 and to provide evidence for conducting relevant studies and developing strategies on TB prevention and treatment. Methods Nationwide data of 2004 – 2018 on TB surveillance were collected and demographic data of the same period were extracted from China Statistical Yearbook. The 15-year period was divided into three stages. The spatial characteristics of TB morbidity was analyzed with Excel 2010 software and Stata 14.0 was used to analyze spatial autocorrelation. Results During the period, totally 14 816 329 TB incidents were reported in China, with an average incidence rate of 73.9029/100 000 and an average annual reported mortality of 0.2114/100 000. Spatial autocor-relation of TB morbidity in different regions was observed. Conclusion During 2004 – 2018 in China, the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis was decreasing generally and there were aggregations and significant regional differences in TB morbidity.
2022, 38(7): 891-894.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1136927
Abstract:
Objective To analyze prevalence characteristics and variation trend of influenza in Guizhou province during 2011– 2021 and to provide evidences for influenza prevention and control. Methods Throat swab specimens were collected from influenza-like illness (ILI) cases at fever/internal medicine and pediatric clinics of 13 national influenza sentinel surveillance hospitals in Guizhou province during 2011 – 2021 and detected with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was conducted on the basis of annual influenza seasons. Results Of the 135 537 specimens detected during the 10-year period, 16.73% (22 676) were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid. Among the positive specimens, the detection rate was the highest (34.3%) for subtype of H3N2 and the lowest (13.69%) for subtype of BY. Various viral subtypes were prevalent alternately during the period. Two prevalence peaks of influenza virus infection in winter-spring season and in summer season were observed, with slightly more infectious cases among females than among males and more cases among the people aged 5 – 24 years. There was a subtype-specific difference in the susceptibility of influenza virus in various populations and there was a significant difference in annual positive rate for the specimens detected. Conclusion During 2011 – 2021 in Guizhou province, influenza was prevalence periodically with alternative prevalent viral subtypes; more influenza infections occurred in winter-spring and in summer seasons, especially among young people. The results suggest that surveillance and analysis on viral strain variation timely should be strengthened.
2022, 38(7): 895-901.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1132578
Abstract:
Objective To explore epidemic characteristics of food poisonings reported in Yunnan province and to provide evidences for developing strategies on the prevention and control of food poisoning. Methods From the Public Health Emergency Reporting System, a subsystem of the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, we extracted all data on food poisoning-related public health emergencies in Yunnan province reported from 2004 through 2019 for a descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results Totally 1 014 food poisoning incidents were reported in the province during the 16-year period; the incidents involved 27 965 sufferers and 864 mortalities, with a fatality rate of 3.09%. Of all the incidents, 45.17% (458) occurred during June – August in a year, a season with more food poisoning caused by intake of toxic wild mushrooms. More than a half (56.48%, 488 deaths) of the food poisoning mortalities were due to poisonings associated with toxic wild mushrooms. Three minority autonomous prefectures (Wenshan, Honghe and Chuxiong prefectures) were among the top five regions with more food poisonings and the number of reported food poisonings was 143, 100, and 97 for the three prefectures, respectively. Homes and schools in rural regions were top two settings with higher food poisoning incidents and 520 (51.28%) and 181(17.85%) of all the reported incidents occurred at the two settings. For all the reported food poisonings, more than one third (39.94%, 11 168) of the all sufferers were associated with dinner parties and the most (85.42%, 733) of the mortalities were related to home settings in rural regions. Conclusion During 2004 – 2019 in Yunnan province, the incidence rate of food poisonings was relatively high in prefectures (municipalities) heavily or scatteredly inhabited by ethnic minorities; the epidemic peaks for the food poisoning were observed during June – August in a year; the most of the mortalities due to the food poisonings was associated eating toxic wild mushrooms and more food poisoning occurred in home and school settings in rural regions. The results suggest that in food poisoning prevention, special concerns should be paid to health education on food hygiene and wild mushroom poisoning in minority regions and rural home and school settings.
2022, 38(7): 902-907.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1135192
Abstract:
Objective To analyze method-specific suicide mortality and its spatial distribution among residents in Hubei province in 2019 for providing evidences to the development of effective measures on suicide prevention. Methods The data on suicide deaths among permanent residents over 10 years old in Hubei province during 2019 were extracted from the Death Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. SAS software and ArcGis 10.6 were utilized in analyses on suicide methods and its spatial autocorrelation. Results During the year in the residents, the number of suicide deaths, mortality and standardized mortality rate (SMR) were 7 868, 14.88/100000 and 12.56/100 000, respectively. The top three methods for all the registered suicide mortalities were pesticide poisoning (with the death number of 3 481, the mortality rate of 6.58/100 000, and the SMR of 5.36/100 000), hanging (2 497, 4.72/100 000, and 3.87/100 000), jumping from a high place (709, 1.34/100 000, 1.33/100 000) and the deaths attributed to the three methods accounting for 84.99% of all suicide deaths. The top three methods for the male, female and urban suicide mortalities among residents were the same as for all the suicide mortalities; while for the rural suicide mortalities, the top two methods were the same but the third method was other substances poisoning. Jumping from a high place was the major suicide method for the suicide mortalities aged 10 – 24 and 25 – 44 years; whereas, for the suicide mortalities aged 45 – 64 years and 65 years and above, the major suicide method was pesticide poisoning. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there were spatial clustering in suicide mortality, the main suicide methods of pesticide poisoning, hanging, and jumping from a high place, with the global Moran′s indicies of 0.473, 0.387, 0.482, and 0.244 (P < 0.001). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed high-high clustering of suicide mortality in some districts/prefectures of 7 municipalities, low-low clustering in some urban districts of 2 municipalities, high-low clustering in one prefectures, and low-high clustering in one prefecture and two districts of a prefecture; local spatial autocorrelation analysis also revealed various types of clustering of suicide methods as following: high-high clustering of pesticide poisoning in 5 counties and 5 prefectures, high-high clustering of hanging in some districts/counties/prefectures in western region of Hubei province, low-low clustering of pesticide poisoning and hanging in some urban districts of two municipalities, and high-high clustering of jumping from a high place in some urban districts of two municipalities. Conclusion Among suicide mortalities during 2019 in Hubei province, pesticide poisoning, hanging, and jumping from a high place were main methods and there were obvious spatial clustering and significant gender, age, and regional differences in the main suicide methods.
2022, 38(7): 908-913.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1132975
Abstract:
Objective To examine general situation and change trend of low-level viraemia (LLV) among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients under antiviral therapy (ART) in Yunnan province and to provide evidences to further relevant studies. Methods From the Data and Information Management System for Integrated HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, we extracted demographical, clinical and viral load (VL) detection data on all HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART at the age of more than 15 years in Yunnan province during the period from 2004 through 2018. The incidence of LLV among the HIV/AIDS patients with different ART regimens was analyzed statistically. Results Of the 93 944 HIV/AIDS patients included in the study, 21 203 (22.6%) were detected with LLV. Among the patients with LLV, 25% were detected with LLV at least two times; the most detected LLV level was 51 – 199 copies/mL, followed by 400 – 999 and 200 – 399 copies/mL; the once-only LLV was detected most frequently and the detection frequency decreased in turn for successive two times, discontinuous two times, successive several times, and discontinuous several times; the detected incidence of LLV was the highest during the first year of ART and the incidence declined yearly after the initiation of ART. During the retrospective observation period among the 76 736 HIV/AIDS patients receiving first-line ART, the detected frequency of 51 – 199 and 200 – 399 copies/mL LLV increased first, with the highest frequency in 2010, then declined, with the lowest frequency in 2016, and increased again; the detected frequency of 400 – 999 copies/mL LLV and virologic failure (VF) of ≥ 1 000 copies/mL decreased yearly before 2012 and then remained at a stable level. While among the 17 208 HIV/AIDS patients receiving second-line ART, the detected frequencies of the four levels of LLV mentioned above varied similarly, with a decreasing trend between 2008 – 2012 and a stabilization later after. Conclusion The detected incidence of LLV is relatively high among HIV/AIDS patients with different ART regimen in Yunnan province. The effect of LLV on outcomes of ART needs to be explored.
2022, 38(7): 914-916.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122657
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the extent of deficit in total financial investment in maternal health care (MHC), the changing trend of maternal mortality rate (MMR) and their regional disparities in Beijing and Shanghai municipality during the period from 2000 through 2017 and to explore suitable total financial investment in MHC. Methods We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science for research literatures on financial investment in MHC in Beijing and Shanghai municipality published during 1995 – 2017. The information on deficit in total financial investment in MHC was extracted from 205 retrieved studies for calculation of a severity score to evaluate the deficit in total financial investment in MHC. Spearman correlation and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the deficit in total financial investment in MHC and MMR. Results For Beijing municipality, the severity score for the deficit in total financial investment in MHC decreased from 3.54 in 2000 to 2.78 in 2017, while for Shanghai municipality, the score decreased from 3.94 to 1.41. Regression analysis on the correlation between the deficit severity score and MMR resulted in statistically significant regression equations for both Beijing (P < 0.05) and Shanghai (P < 0.01). Conclusion The total financial investment in maternal health care increased gradually over the years in both Beijing and Shanghai municipality during 2000 – 2017. The influence of total financial investment on maternal mortality rate is more obvious for Shanghai. The study verified the feasibility of quantitative assessment on total financial investment in maternal health care.
2022, 38(7): 917-921.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1128065
Abstract:
Objective To examine self-reported health and its influencing factors among migrant ethnic minority people in China and to provide evidences for improving health of the population. Methods The data on 14 226 migrant ethnic minority people were extracted from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey conducted during 2017 across the country. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with self-reported health in the population. Results Of the people surveyed, 11 207 (79.2%) and 2 384 (16.8%) reported normal and basically normal self-rated health; 555 (3.9%) reported poor self-rated health but being able to take care of themselves; and only 17 (0.1%) reported poor self-rated health and being unable to take care of themselves, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the migrant ethnic minority people with following characteristics were more likely to reported good self-rated health: being male, aged 15 – 34 years, with the education of undergraduate and above, with migration experience of less than 10 years, having a stable employment, with a monthly income more than 6 000 yuan RMB, having their health records being established in immigration region, ever participating in at least one health education program, without chronic disease, and being aware of National Basic Public Health Service Project. Conclusion Health status in migrant ethnic minority population in China should be concerned, especially in those being female, with long migration experience, at elder age, without stable employment, and with low monthly income.
2022, 38(7): 922-927.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1135395
Abstract:
Objective To examine the acceptance of mental health education and its associates among elderly migrants and to provide evidences for developing strategies and programs to promote mental health education service and mental health literacy in the population. Methods The data on 5 729 migrant people aged 60 years and above and living locally at least 6 months were extracted from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey conducted in 31 provincial level administrative divisions across China in 2017. SPSS 25.0 was used in data analyses. Results Among all the participants, only 29.2% (1 672) reported having received mental health education during past one year in villages/communities and the reported proportions were 29.2%, 30.5%, 29.9%, and 24.2% in the participants aged 60 – 64, 65 – 69, 70 – 74, and ≥ 75 years, respectively. The major patterns of the mental health education were via publicity materials (papers, films and television programs), billboards/electronic displays, public health consultation, and health knowledge lectures, which were reported by 90.1%, 82.0%, 70.0%, and 67.5% of the 1 672 health education receivers; other two patterns reported by 48.8% and 39.4% of the receivers were via personalized face-to-face consultation and via community short message service/WeChat/networks. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the participants with following characteristics were more willing to receive mental health education service: immigrating to regions in western China, having personal health records being established, being aware of national basic public health service, with a good self-rated health, with a strong willingness to integrate into local social environment, and having a high community involvement; while, aged 75 years and above, with the education of primary school or below, with difficulties in local region, experiencing the migration for more than 10 years, and migrating due to the migration of family members such as the elderly or children to be cared were less likely to receive mental health education. Conclusion In elderly migrant population in China, the acceptance of mental health education was at a relatively low level and mainly influenced by age, education, whether having difficulties in local region, self-rated health, duration of migration, reasons for migration, inflow region, the awareness about national basic public health services, the establishment of personal health record, community involvement, and the willingness to be assimilated into local social environment.
2022, 38(7): 928-933.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1133385
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of high-risk sexual behaviors before infection confirmation among middle-aged and elderly people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) transmitted via different routes. Methods We recruited 449 PLHIV in Wuhan city of Hubei province and aged 50 years and older at the diagnosis during the period from 2017 to June 30, 2019. A face-to-face anonymous survey was conducted among the PLHIV using a self-designed questionnaire to collect information on high-risk sexual behaviors and HIV-related knowledge before the confirmation of HIV infection. Chi-square test and multivariate analysis were used to explore influencing factors for high-risk sexual behaviors. Results Complete information were collected from 419 participants (353 males and 66 females with a mean age of 59.67 ± 7.48 years). The reported HIV transmission routes included extramarital heterosexual behaviors for 215 (51.3%) of the participants, heterosexual behaviors between HIV-discordant couples for 40 (9.5%) of the participants and homosexual behaviors for 164 (39.1%) of the participants. Multivariate analysis showed that for the participants being infected via extramarital heterosexual behaviors, ever working in places other than hometown (odds ratio [OR] = 4.55), being capable of making annual balance between income and expenditure (OR = 4.22), and history of commercial heterosexual behavior (OR = 11.20) were risk factors for multiple sexual partners before HIV infection confirmation; while for the participants being infected via homosexual behaviors, ever working in places other than hometown (odds ratio [OR] = 10.04), being capable of making annual balance between income and expenditure (OR = 26.29), and history of non-commercial temporary homosexual behavior (OR = 35.37) were risk factors for multiple sexual partners before HIV infection confirmation, but with a common knowledge/without knowledge about AIDS prevention (OR = 0.04/0.07) was a protective factor against multiple sexual partner. Conclusion Ever working in places other than hometown and being capable of making annual balance between income and expenditure are risk factors for multiple sexual partners before infection confirmation among middle-aged and elderly people living with human immunodeficiency virus.
2022, 38(7): 934-938.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1131819
Abstract:
Objective To investigate body image perceptions among young adults and to provide evidences for developing intervention measures towards obesity. Methods With advertisements in Beijing and Guangzhou city, we recruited 316 volunteers aged 18 – 44 years for a survey conducted from May to August, 2019. The body image stimuli were used to assess participants′ perceptual body image, ideal body image, body dissatisfaction and standard body image. Meanwhile, height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference of the participants were measured. Results The participants′ mean scores for perceptual and ideal body image were 4.25 and 3.15, respectively. In terms of body weight, the participants with underweight had the lowest mean perceptual body image score, followed by those with normal weight, overweight, and obesity, with a significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05); the mean perceptual body image score of the participants with the education of middle school and lower was significantly lower than that of participants with college and above education (P < 0.05); the mean ideal body score also differed significantly by participants′ body weight, the score of the participants with underweight was lower than those with obesity; the participants with normal weight had relatively lower score, followed by the scores for those of overweight and obesity (P < 0.05). Of the participants, only 13.9% were completely satisfied with their body size; but 54.1% and 32.0% were moderately and slightly dissatisfied with their body size. The participants′ mean body dissatisfaction scores varied with their body weight in an ascending order of underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity; the mean body dissatisfaction score of the younger participants (≤ 35 years) was significantly lower than that of the participants aged 35 – 39 years (P < 0.05). Significantly positive associations of body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio with perceptual body image score and body dissatisfaction score were observed, with the correlation coefficients ranging between 0.185 − 0.630 (all P < 0.01). Conclusion Among young adults in two Chinese cities, the body image perception is related to somatotype and educational level and most of the young adults are dissatisfied with their body size, suggesting that appropriate intervention measures should be taken for the prevention and control adulthood obesity in the population.
2022, 38(7): 939-943.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1133735
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate application value of liquid phase chip technology in the detection of infectious diarrhea pathogens. Methods From April 2015 through April 2016, 179 stool samples of diarrhea cases treated in the intestinal outpatient department of Wuxi People's Hospital (including Children′s Hospital) of Jiangsu province were collected and detected with xTAG® Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (xTAG GPP), and the detection results were compared to those with real-time PCR. Results Totally 9 pathogens were detected in the samples from 82 diarrhea cases with xTAG GPP, with a positive detection rate of 45.81% (82/179); while, 9 pathogens were detected in 81 cases with real-time PCR, with a positive detection rate of 45.25% (81/179). The total coincidence rate for the two detections was 92.17% (165/179). The sensitivity and specificity of xTAG GPP for diarrhea pathogen detection were 84.44% and 93.33%, and positive and negative predictive value were 92.68% and 85.71%, respectively. Conclusion Compared with real-time PCR detection, liquid phase chip technology is of high throughput, speed, sensitivity and specificity in common diarrhea pathogen detections, and could be used for rapid pathogenic diagnosis of diarrhea diseases.
2022, 38(7): 944-947.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1136112
Abstract:
The trend of illicit drug abuse has become more severe due to the lack of measures for real-time monitoring. In recent years, a novel method of obtaining relevant information through wastewater analysis has become a tracking method to deal with the problem. The information obtained from chemical analysis of specific human excretion products (biomarkers) in urban wastewater can be used to estimate the exposure or consumption of the population under investigation to a defined substance, which is named wastewater-based epidemiology. With further development of the novel method, multi-domain and multi-disciplinary information related to the population can be obtained through wastewater analysis in addition to the identification of illicit drugs. In this study, we introduced principles and applications of wastewater-based epidemiology and discussed reviewe the development and prospects of wastewater-based epidemiology in China.
The trend of illicit drug abuse has become more severe due to the lack of measures for real-time monitoring. In recent years, a novel method of obtaining relevant information through wastewater analysis has become a tracking method to deal with the problem. The information obtained from chemical analysis of specific human excretion products (biomarkers) in urban wastewater can be used to estimate the exposure or consumption of the population under investigation to a defined substance, which is named wastewater-based epidemiology. With further development of the novel method, multi-domain and multi-disciplinary information related to the population can be obtained through wastewater analysis in addition to the identification of illicit drugs. In this study, we introduced principles and applications of wastewater-based epidemiology and discussed reviewe the development and prospects of wastewater-based epidemiology in China.
2022, 38(7): 948-951.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1136615
Abstract:
Vaccination is the most effective and economical way to prevent meningococcal meningitis. In the past few decades, with widespread use of meningococcal vaccines, the incidence of meningococcal meningitis has dropped significantly. There are some vaccines available in Chinese markets, of which mainly included groups A, C, W, and Y monovalent and multivalent polysaccharide meningococcal vaccines (MPV), group A and C polysaccharide meningococcal conjugated vaccines (MPCV-AC), and meningococcal groups A and C and haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (MPCV-AC-hib). With the nearly 50 years of development of meningococcal vaccines in China, significant achievements have been made in vaccine production, quality control, and related research, but the burden of meningococcal disease is still underestimated; the meningococcal vaccine immunization strategy has not been perfected; meningococcal vaccines from different manufacturers have inconsistent immunization procedures and no group B meningococcal vaccines are available in the market. Therefore, it is suggested that meningococcal monitoring methods should be continuously improved and research on meningococcal disease burden should be carried out for facilitating the improvement of meningococcal vaccine immunization procedures and strategy. Furthermore, considering the serogroup highly variable and antigen drift characteristics of Neisseria meningitides, a vaccine with longer immunity and better protection effect should be developed by using genetic recombination and other technologies.
Vaccination is the most effective and economical way to prevent meningococcal meningitis. In the past few decades, with widespread use of meningococcal vaccines, the incidence of meningococcal meningitis has dropped significantly. There are some vaccines available in Chinese markets, of which mainly included groups A, C, W, and Y monovalent and multivalent polysaccharide meningococcal vaccines (MPV), group A and C polysaccharide meningococcal conjugated vaccines (MPCV-AC), and meningococcal groups A and C and haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (MPCV-AC-hib). With the nearly 50 years of development of meningococcal vaccines in China, significant achievements have been made in vaccine production, quality control, and related research, but the burden of meningococcal disease is still underestimated; the meningococcal vaccine immunization strategy has not been perfected; meningococcal vaccines from different manufacturers have inconsistent immunization procedures and no group B meningococcal vaccines are available in the market. Therefore, it is suggested that meningococcal monitoring methods should be continuously improved and research on meningococcal disease burden should be carried out for facilitating the improvement of meningococcal vaccine immunization procedures and strategy. Furthermore, considering the serogroup highly variable and antigen drift characteristics of Neisseria meningitides, a vaccine with longer immunity and better protection effect should be developed by using genetic recombination and other technologies.
2022, 38(7): 952-955.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1134564
Abstract:
Disability weight (DW), one of important indicators for estimating disability-adjusted life years (DALY), represents the severity of health loss in a particular disability state. Currently, DW has two sets of methodology named as “disability weight from the Global Burden of Disease Study” (GBD DW) and “health status weight from Health-Related Quality of Life” (HRQOL HSW). In order to promote the further development of DW methodology, this study briefly reviewed and compared these two sets of methodological study, including the respondents for the assessment, definition of health status, assessment methods and the methods' strength and weakness, which would provide a comprehensive reference for the improvement of DW research.
Disability weight (DW), one of important indicators for estimating disability-adjusted life years (DALY), represents the severity of health loss in a particular disability state. Currently, DW has two sets of methodology named as “disability weight from the Global Burden of Disease Study” (GBD DW) and “health status weight from Health-Related Quality of Life” (HRQOL HSW). In order to promote the further development of DW methodology, this study briefly reviewed and compared these two sets of methodological study, including the respondents for the assessment, definition of health status, assessment methods and the methods' strength and weakness, which would provide a comprehensive reference for the improvement of DW research.
2022, 38(7): 956-960.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1134771
Abstract:
Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases. Energy intake plays an important role in the development of obesity. Studies have shown that increasing the amount of dietary fiber in diet can boost gut motility, increase satiety, and reduce energy intake. Alginate is a marine fiber extracted from the cell wall of alga. Recently, researchers have paid much attention to the role and mechanism of alginate in controlling dietary energy. In the study, mechanisms and influencing factors for dietary fiber from algae in regulation on energy production, storage and consumption were reviewed.
Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases. Energy intake plays an important role in the development of obesity. Studies have shown that increasing the amount of dietary fiber in diet can boost gut motility, increase satiety, and reduce energy intake. Alginate is a marine fiber extracted from the cell wall of alga. Recently, researchers have paid much attention to the role and mechanism of alginate in controlling dietary energy. In the study, mechanisms and influencing factors for dietary fiber from algae in regulation on energy production, storage and consumption were reviewed.
CN 21-1234/R
ISSN 1001-0580
Competent unit: National Health and Health Commission of the people's Republic of China
Sponsors by: Chinese Preventive Medicine Association
Publication: Editorial Department of China Public Health
Address: No.242, Shayang Road Heping District, Shenyang, China
Telephone: 024-83380011，23388443
Email: zgggws@vip.sina.com
NoticeMore>
- 1Comorbidity of common chronic diseases among the elderly in China
- 2Disease cognition, coping style and exercise behavior among the public during novel coronavirus epidemic: an online survey
- 3Knowledge,attitude and behavior about AIDS prevention among college students
- 4Clinical characteristics of chronic atrophic gastritis patients in Heilongjiang province
- 5Progress in basic public health service projects in China
- More >
- 1Diet-related self-efficacy and healthy behaviors in children and adolescents of Guizhou province
- 2Association between dietary pattern and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in female population in Jinan city
- 3Mobile phone dependence syndrome and loneliness among university students
- 4Nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors among primary and middle school students in boarding schools
- 5Correlation between quality of life and social support among men who have sex with men
- More >