2003 Vol. 19, No. 11
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2003, 19(11): 1283-1284.
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Objective To study the effects of environmental exposure to rare earth elements(REEs)on physical growth and development of children. Methods Indicators for physical growth and development, such as body height and weight, vital capacity, blood pressure etc, were measured in sampled 472 children aged 7-10 years living in RE ore containing area and the control area in Xunwu county, Jiangxi.While fifteen kinds of REEs in 112 blood samples(69 samples from exposure to REEs group and 43 samples from the control group)were determined by inductively coupled plasma soure mass spectrometry(ICP-MSs).Multiple regression analysis of blood REEs levels was conducted. Results The quantity of blood REEs of the children in the RE area was 1.73 times as that of the children in the control area.The difference was significantly great(P < 0.01).There were negative correlation shown between blood REEs levels and vital capacity, blood pressure in children.Multiple regression analysis showed that blood REEs levels and time of mother work in RE ore area were introduced into the vital capacity and blood pressure regression model respectiveiy. Conclusion Exposure to REEs could cause adverse effects on their physical growth and development of children.
2003, 19(11): 1285-1287.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and type severity of domestic violence among women asking induced abortion in the northern cities of China. Methods A cross-setional study, a structure questionnaire were conducted from November 2001 to J anuary 2002 in the family planning department of Women and Children's Hospitals in Tianjin, Liaoning, Henan and Shanxi areas.A total of 1 215 women asking induced abortion in the cities were interviewed. Results Of the 1 215 women 274 of them(22.6%)were reported to experience domestic violence from their intimate partners, including 18.1% sexual abuse, 7.8% physical abuse and 3.0% emotional abuse.The prevalence of domestic violence during women's lifetime and current pregnancy were 21.7% and 7.0%.Among abused women, 46(16.8%)of them often experienced violence and almost an equal proportion of women experienced violence occasionally or sometimes(40.5% and 42.7%, respectively).Most of abused women(77.0%)only experienced one type of violence, but 4.4% experienced three types of violence (sexual, physical and emotional violence).The most common type of violence was sexual violence and next was physical violence. Conclusion There was relatively high prevalence of domestic violence among women with induced abortion in the northern cities of China.Therefore, it was necessary to develop an intervention program among women with induced abortion and to enhance health providers' awareness of the problem and their ability to identify domestic violence.
2003, 19(11): 1288-1289.
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Objective To analyse the factors which might influence informed choice of contraceptives. Methods 1 479 rural women in Hubei province were surveyed with questionnaires.Data were processed with methods of single factor analysis and multiple factor analysis. Results The subjectivesc educational background, their attitude toward contraceptives, their ability to choose contraceptives and the fact whether they had received contraceptive consulting were positively related to the degree of awareness of the informed choice, while age was negatively associated with it. Conclusion More attention should be paid to those who are older, at lowereducational level and unable to make informed choice of contraceptives.Efforts should be made to seek their cooperation in contraceptive counseling and in making informed choice of contr aceptives.
2003, 19(11): 1290-1292.
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Objective To study the fas signaling transduction pathway of vitamin E succinate(VES)-induced apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Methods Human gastric adeno carcinoma cells were treated with VES at 5, 10, 20 μg/ml, succinic acid, vitamin E and untreated control.Apoptotic morphology was observed by DAPI staining.Western Blot analysis was applied to measure the expression of fas, FADD and caspase-8 proteins.After the cells were transiently transfected with fas and FADD antisense oligonucleotides, respectively, caspase-8 activity was determined by flurometric method. Results The morphologically apoptotic changes were observed after VES treatment by DAPI staining.89.6% apoptosis occurred after 48h of 20 μg/ml VES treatment.The protein levels of fas, FADD and caspase-8 were evidently increased in a dose-dependent manner after 48h of VES treatment.The blockage of fas by transfection with fas antisense oligonucleotides obviously inhibited the expression of FADD protein.After SGC-7901 cells were transfected with fas and FADD antisense oligonucleotides, caspase-8 activity was obviously decreased(P < 0.01), whereas fas blocked more than FADD. Conclusion VES-induced apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells involved fas signaling transduction pathway including the interaction of fas, FADD and caspase-8.That was fas/FA DD/caspase-8 signaling transduction pathway.
2003, 19(11): 1292-1293.
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Objective To understand infectious situation of syphilis and AIDS virus among noncommercial men who have sex with man(MSM)and the level of safe sexual behavior in some metropolis in south China. Methods Answering the questionnaires through the network and accepting voluntarily the free Treponema Passive Particle Agglutinin(TPPA)and HIV tests. Results Among 88 cases of noncommercial MSM, the infection rate of SP and HIV reach 9.04% and 3.41% respectively, average number of male sex partners is 3, out of whom 76.1% have oral-intercourse, and 95.5% have anus-intercourse, and 76.1% have sex with strange men, and 55.7% have sex with women.The rate of using a condom each time and frequency are 6.8% and 21.6% respectively, the rate of those who never use a condom is 48.9%. Conclusion With the great active sex of the commercial and noncommercial MSM, the lack of safe action is the important factor that causes high syphilis infection, HIV infection begins to be transmitted between the noncommercial MSM and heterosexual perosn.
2003, 19(11): 1294-1295.
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Objective To examine whether feeding with purified-water for a long time had effects on blood lipid and correlative indexes of rats. Methods Three groups of female rats were included.The rats were received tap-water, purified -water and purified-water with 0.5 g of magnesium sulfate perliter.All rats were fed with basic food for five months.During this time, blood was drown by way of tail vein at the end of every month for dynamic determination of TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, Ca2+, Mg2+ and MDA.Rats were phlebotomized through femora then killed for mesuring TC, TG, HDL, LDL, Ca2+, Mg2+ at the end of the experiment. Results Purified-water rats had lower Mg2+ level while higher levels of blood TC, TG, LDL and MDA compared with the other two groups. Conclusion Drinking purfied-water for a long time could result in the deficiency of blood Mg2+ while increasing rat's blood lipid(TC, TG, LDL)and MDA, which would do harm to the cardiovascular system.
2003, 19(11): 1296-1298.
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Objective To investigate the significance of four genetype methods which were implicated in the molecular epidemiology study of a Shigellosis outbreak. Methods Plasmid profile analysis, Plasmid DNA restriction endonuclease analysis, RA PD-PCR, Set1/set2-PCR. Results The 43 isolates were subtyped to two genetypes with RAPD-PCR.They were subtyped to three genetypes with plasmid profile analysis and set1/set2-PCR, and subtyped to four genetypes with plasmid DNA restriction endonuclease analysis.35 of all isolates had same genetype.They were the epidemic strain in this outbreak.7 of all isolates had different genetypes.They were the sporadic strains which were isolated in the same time of the outbreak.The strain isolated from food had same genetype as epidemic strain.It proved that the route of transmission was contaminated food.The cook wasn't the infection source because the strain isolated from it had different genetype from epidemic strain. Conclusion Genetype methods could explore the epidemiologic relationship of isolates in a Shigellosis outbreak more accurately and more profoudly.
2003, 19(11): 1300-1301.
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Objective To study the effects of c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid on the killing ability of macrophage to B16-MB cells in C57 mice and explore its possible mechanism. Methods Five levels of CLA was designed as 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 μmol/L.After macro phage was treated with CLA for 24 h, the MTT assay was used to evaluate the killing ability of macrophage to B16-MB cells; the RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of macrophage cytokine IL-6, T NF-a and iNOS mRNA in C57 mice. Results At the concentrations of 100, 75 μmol/L c9, t11-CL A, the cytotoxic effects of macrophage on tumor cells were 18% and 14.5%, respectiely.At the same time, the expression of IL-6, TNF-A and iNOS mRNA increased. Conclusion c9, t11-CLA could increase the killing ability of macrophage to B16-MB cells in mice, and was associated with the induction of IL-6, T NF-A and iNOS mRNA expression.Antitumor ability of CLA may be asso ciated with taking part in immune regulation action.
2003, 19(11): 1302-1303.
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Objective To study the biodegr adation characteristics of immobilized microorganism on endocrine disruptor di -n-butyl Phthalate(DBP). Methods A cclimated activated sludge was made to immobilized microorg anism using polyvinyl alcohol as entrapment agent.The immobilized microor ganism degraded DBP of different concentration at different temperature, soluble oxygen and pH after cultured. Results I mmobilized microorganism degraded DBP effectively and was more adapted to temperature, pH than acclimated activated sludge.The form of biodegradation of DBP can be described as the first -order reaction model. Conclusion The superiority bacteria can deg ade DBP effectively after being entrapped, cultured.The reaction was accor ding with the first-order model.
2003, 19(11): 1304-1306.
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Objective To study the effects of soybean isoflavone(SI)on lipid's metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the liver of ovariectony rats fed with high fat diet. Methods 50 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham ovariectony and normal diet control; ovariectony and high fat diet control; ovariectony and high fat diet with three concentrations of SI supplied 120, 60, 180 mg/[(kg·bw·d)] groups.The duration of exposure was 8 weeks. Results Compared with the OVX group, SI can significantly decrease the concentration of triglyceride in both serum and liver of the hyperlipidemic rats(P < 0.05), but there was no effect on the contents of total cholesterol in the liver(P > 0.05).Compared with the normal and OVX groups, SI can significantly decrease the concentration of MDA of the liver tissue as well(P < 0.01). Conclusion SI can decrease the level of hypertrigly ceride in the liver of the ovariectony rats and it can also decrease the peroxidative damage of the liver by means of ameliorating the abnormal peroxidative state in liver.
2003, 19(11): 1307-1309.
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Objective To compare the effects of principal component analysis and Kaup index in evaluating nutritional status of preschool children. Methods Eight kindergartens were selected randomly in Hefei by using stratified cluster sampling method.Body heights and body weights of children were measured, and their nutritional status were evaluated using principal component analysis and Kaup index respectively according to five-class criteria, then the two methods were compared with method of weight for height. Results The test of consistency showed that there was consistency between principal component analysis and Kaup index(P < 0.01), meanwhile, McNemar test indicated that there was a significant difference between them in the rate of obesity detected.Principal component analysis showed higher obesity prevalence than Kaup index(3.21% vs.0.63%). Conclusion Principal component analysis was a better method for evaluating nutritional status of preschool children, especially for evaluating childhood obesity.
2003, 19(11): 1310-1311.
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Objective To discuss whether the heterotopic ossification in skeletal fluorosis caused by fluor ide affects the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins. Methods To observe the effects of different concentrations fluoride on the features, proliferation of osteoblast, alkalline phosphatase activity and the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in cultured sucking miceosteoblasts. Results Lower concentration fluoride(10-5 mol/L)can promote the proliferation and ALP activity in osteoblast, but have no significant effects on BMP expression; higher concentration fluoride(10-5 mol/L)can promote significantly expression of BMP. Conclusion High dose fluoride can promote the expression of BMP in sucking mice osteoblast.
2003, 19(11): 1312-1313.
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Objective To identify the HIV-1 subtype epidemic in Liaoning by nucleotide sequencing. Methods Eight of the selected 16 HIV-1 sero-positive individuals were infected with HIV-1 by sexual contacts, 7 were IDUs or blood recipients and blood donors, 1 was vertical transmitant.DNA frag ments of HIV-1 envgene were amplified by PCR from provirus in human genome.The amplified products of C2-V3 region of HIV-1 were sequenced and compared with the consensus sequence of reference HIV-1 strains and some strains epidemic in Aisa. Results HIV-1 strains epidemic in Liaoning were found to be of genetic subtype A, B., C, G.8 of sexual transmission were subtype B.and A.4 of IDUs were subtype C.Blood recipients and blood donors were of subtype B.and G, 1 of vertical transmit ant was subtype A. Conclusion There was several subtypes HIV-1 invading Liaoning province, which manifested the complexity of HIV epidemiology in Liaoning province.The HIV-1 subtype in different transmission route showed respective character: Subtype C were found only in IDUs, individuals infected HIV-1 by sexual contact and blood route were mainly of subtype B., however subtype A and G can only be found in laborer returned from Africa and his spouse and children.
2003, 19(11): 1315-1317.
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Objective To explore the relationship between hypertension and multiple metabolic disorders. Methods Based on the two community populations in south Jiangsu province from Chinese multicenter cardiovascular health cooperative project, a case-control study was conducted including 448 cases of essential hypertension and 1 120 controlled patients. Results Various metabolic syndromes were higher in cases than in controls, regardless in both male and female subjects.Among cases, 79.69% of them had at least one more metabolic abnormalities as compared 58.44% in controls.The adjusted odds ratio (aOR)of cases who had 3 metabolic syndromes was 7.13, with 95%CI: 4.16-11.50.The a OR of cases with other abnormal metabolic syndrome ranged 2.0-5.0.However, there was no significant difference in complicated diabetes between the cases and the controls, a OR=1.36(95%CI: 0.56-3.27).The occurrence of multile metabolic syndromes in hypertensive patient was associated with certain behavior factors(smoking, alcohol, physical activities).Howerver, the proportions of post and current smoking and physical activities at leisure time were significantly higher in the cases than in the controls.In addition, family history of hypertension was associated with occurrence of multiple metabolic syndromes in patients with hypertension. Conclusion Among hypertensive patients, 80% of them complicated with at least one metabolic syndrome, 30% with two and more metabolic abnormalities.Overweight/obese and diabetes were the commonest metabolic syndromes.In order to reduce metabolic disorders in hypertensive patients, multiple lifestyle behavior interventions such as losing weight were as important as blood pressure control.
2003, 19(11): 1319-1321.
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Objective To identify risk factors of helicobacter pylori infection in preschool children. Methods During May to June in 2001, a case-control study was conducted.64 children who were H.pylori-infected were recruited and matched them with 128 children of the same age and sex from the same class who were H.pylori uninfected. Results Logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant independent relationships between H.pylori infection and the following factors: stomach trouble of the adults who looked after the child(OR=4.95);the bad habits of gnawing fingers or toys(OR=4.74);crowding(OR=3.73);accepting chewed food by adults in one's infancy(OR=3.36);toothcup-sharing with other family members in the home(OR=2.40). Conclusion H.pylori infection clusters within families and H.pylori infection was often acquired in childhood by oral-oral and fecal-oral person to person spread.Personal hygiene practices and living condition were also involed in the transmission of H.pylori to children.
Analysis on effect of magnesium borate ore powder or LVYAN compounds on snail control in field trial
2003, 19(11): 1321-1323.
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Objective To learn effect of magnesium borate ore powder and LVYAN compounds on snail control both in marshland area and in hill area, and to provide information for further field application. Methods In each area 4 districts were selected.Spraying with magnesium borate ore powder 80 g/m 2 and with LVYAN compounds 0.8 g/m 2 was carried out respectively in two of them.The other districts were considered as control districts, one with niclosamide 2g/m 2, another with no drug. Results In marshland area, within 30 days the snail death rates in two trial districts ranged from 18.21% to 40.38% and from 31.65% to 36.07%, respectively significantly lower than that in niclosamide district; at the end of 30 days, no significance was seen in live snail density between in trial districts and in the control district with no drug.Immediate rainfall may influenced the molluscicide effect.In hill area, the effect in magnesium bo rate ore powder district was lower than that on niclosamide district 7 days later.However, 15 days or 30 days later, no significance was seen in the live snail density between the two districts.In the for merdistrict, live snail density was increasingly decreasing, and the snail death rate was mar kedly higher than that in the later district.The effect of LVYAN compounds was not found. Conclusion T he snail control effect in hill area with magnesium borate ore powder was sat isfying, and was increasing with time.Both in marshland area and in hill area, the effect with LVYAN compounds was not of importance.
2003, 19(11): 1324-1325.
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Objective To investigate the characteristic of a complete HBV genome. Methods The genotypes of HBV were determinated by PCR genoty ping, and the complete HBV genome was amplified through three over lapping segments amplification from the serum of a randomly selected patient infected with genotype C of HBV alone.The three amplicons were cloned into pGEM-T easy vector and sequenced.The sequences of the three amplicons were spliced as a complete HBV genome named as BDHB1, and then analyzed for phylogenetic tree and homologous analysis with Vector NTI Suite 7.0, GeneDoc 2.6 and TreeView1.5. Results The genome of BDHB1 was 3215 bp long and the base A, G, C and T were 22.2%, 22.4%, 26.8% and 28.6%, respectively.It contained four over lapping open reading frames(ORFs): S, C, P and X region.Its HBsAg subtype was adr.There was no YMDD mutation in codons 549-552aa of RT region.No mutation occured at nt1896 in the precore region.A to T and G to A continuous mutations were detected atnt 1 762 and 1 764 in the BCP(Basic Core Promoter)region.Phylogenetic tree analysis of the overlapping segments and the complete genome both showed that BDHB1 was most homologous with HBV genotype C. Conclusion The characteristic of BDHB1 was most similar to HBV genotype C.There were double mutations in BCP region of the strain.The overlapping segments amplification and splicing could be one of methods for the complete genome analysis.
2003, 19(11): 1326-1328.
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Objective To study the effects of allitridi on cisplatin(CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity and exploreits possible mechanisms in rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, CDDP, CDDP+allitridi.Then rats were killed on day 1, 3, 5 after CDDP treatment.Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measurements of body weight, kidney index, the contents of blood ureanitrogen(BUN), changes in malondialdehyde(MDA)formation and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in kidney cortexhomogenate. Results Allitridi pretreatment would alleviate the CODP-induced changes of body weight, kidney index, BUN, and inhibit the increases of MDA formation in kidney cortex homogenate, and enhance the decrease of activities of SOD in kidney cortex homogenate in rats. Conclusion By oral administration, allitridi pr etreatment can remarkably alleviate CDDP-induced nephro to xicity.The mechanisms may be involved in antioxidation, scanvaging of free radicals, and enhancement of the activities of some antioxidant enzymes.
2003, 19(11): 1329-1330.
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Objective To detect PAH gene point mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylase of PKU patients in Shenzhen city. Methods Using 7 pairs of primers, thirteen members from 3 families were analyzed by using PCR-SSCP and silver staining. Results Of the 3 families, point mutations were found in only 2 families, one located on intron 10, the other located on intron 11. Conclusion The DNA point mutations may be single nucleotide polylnorphism sites.
2003, 19(11): 1331-1332.
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Objective To approach the effects of microwave radiation on humansemen morphology. Methods After filling out questionnaire and body check, molecular epidemic investigation was carried out by sperm automatic analysis among radar working people. Results The rate of sperm deformity of the radar working people changed as radar electromagnetic wave frequency; distance; intensity; lasting time and protection shield change, and showed some dose-response relationship.Among which the increase of rate of sperm macrocephaly and defective sperm on cervical part and tail is principal.The results between exposed group and control group showed significant difference(P < 0.01). Conclusion Among radar working people who suffered from non-ionization for long time and had bad radar shield protection, the rate of sperm deformity increased, but which didn't affect male reproductive function.
2003, 19(11): 1333-1334.
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Objective To investigate whether buffalo ratliver cell-conditioned medium(BRL-CM)can be used as the cultur condition of embryonic stem cells(ES cells), and to get more pure neural precursor cells(NPC)of treatment. Methods Mouse embryonic stem cells were cultured in BRL-CM and containing LIF medium respectively, NPC were selectively cultured in serum-free medium.Alkaline phosphatase activity was visualized with NBT/BCIP and nest in antigen was detected with immunocy tochemical methods. Results BRL-CM could be used as an efficiency culture condition insted of LIF in ES cells culture.About 86% NPC were obtained from ES cells in the serum-free culture condition. Conclusion BRL-CM can replace LIF and with more simple and economy; high purity NPC could be induced from ES cells with serum-free culture method.
2003, 19(11): 1335-1337.
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Objective The cytogenetic toxic effects of waste water from plating plant on the cell of vicia faba root tip were studied. Methods As mutagen of the productive water, the productive waste water and the treated water, the micronucleus test and chromosome aberration test were used to assay the rate of micronucleus and chromosome aberration. Results The rate of micronucleus and chromosome aberration of vicia faba root tip cell in turn were the productive waste water, the treated water and the productive water. Conclusion The productive waste water and the treated water of this plating plant had some cytogenetic toxic effects, and induced different kinds of chromosome aberration.
2003, 19(11): 1338-1339.
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Objective TP(Tea polyphenols)and Vc(Vitamine C)were given to rats to study the effects on the nephrotoxicity induced by chronic exposure to cadmium. Methods Four groups were used for the study.Three experimental groups were given subcutaneous injection of 1.44 mg/kg CdCl 2, two of which were pretreated by TP and Vc respectively before the injected of CdCl2, three times each week for 6 weeks.Control group was injection with 0.9% NaCl at the same time.Urinary samples were collected at the end of the 4th and 6th week.NAG activities, protein, and cadmium contents were determined in urine.Kidney and blood were collected 24 h later after the final injection.BUN and MDA in blood and renal cortex were mensuated. Results NAG activities and protein content in urine of TP and Vc groups decreased significantly compared with those of animals given cadmium alone at the end of week 4.After week 6 the pretr eatment of TP and Vc decreased BUN significantly in blood as well as MDA contents of renal cortex and blood.Moreover, TP obviously decreased Cd content in blood and renal cortex, but increased Cd content in urine. Conclusion TP and Vc could protect rats against the toxic effects of Cd on kidney, which may be the result of reducing lipid peroxidation and Cd content.
2003, 19(11): 1349-1350.
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Objective To explore the HIV epidemic factors in rural area in China. Methods 5 033 rural residents were surveyed in the household by face to face interview using cluster sample. Results 50% of the interviewees didn't know the routes of transmission of HIV, 70% didn't know the routes of non-transmission, only 6% answered those questions correctly.13% of interviewees had the history of selling blood, among whom the lowest HIV infection rate was 2%.Suspected clinic symptom of Hepatitis, AIDS and history of injecting among the people with the history of selling blood were much higher than those without.Other AIDS related factors was that 9% of inter viewees had the history of being migrant workers, none of them used the condom during this period of sexual behavior and 27% of male shared the razor. Conclusion The knowledge level of rural resident was quite poor.Voluntary counseling and testing among the people selling blood should be conducted, which was the basis of curbing the epidemic and providing care.It was better that units at the city and township level prov ided simple info rmation on HIV prevention for the migrant workers.Hyg iene and safe injection in the area with HIV epidemic should be paid much more attention.
2003, 19(11): 1351-1352.
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Objective To investigate the HI V-related risk behaviors and the seropositive rate of HIV and HCV among drug user in Guangdong province, and provide scientific evidence for establishment the behavior-intervene strategy. Methods Face-to-face interview were conducted with self-designed questionnaire among drug user both in detoxification centre and in community, and blood samples were collected and tested for HIV, HCV. Results Total 655 drug users were investig ated, the prevalence of HIV, HCV were 29.0%and 91.6% respectively; the rate of response about H IV know ledge was 65.3%;During recent 30 days, 98.6% of drug users was injecting drug users(IDUs)and 42.1% shared needles.The major factor of needle sharing was having not needles in hand when urgently necessary, about 80.5%.The condo musing rate was 21.3% among drug users when having sex with temporary sexual partners and it declined to 9.5% when having sex with permanent sexual partners. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV and HCV infection were high among drug users in Guangdong province and HIV risk-taking behavior existed commonly.Effective harm-reduced programs should be taken as soon as possible to prevent the HIV transmission.
2003, 19(11): 1353-1354.
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Objective To study HIV transmission risk factors among injection drugusers(IDUs)in Lianshan of Sichuan province. Methods Community-based survey was conducted to investigate high risk behavior factors of HIV transmission and to test HIV antibo dyamong IDUs. Results The HIV prevalence was 11.3%(43/379)among IDUs.In multivariate Logistic regression model(P < 0.05), the OR of sharing times of injection equipment in the past was 2.034.In another multivariate Logistic regression model(P < 0.10), sharing times of injection equipment in the past and having new sex partners in the last six months were risk factors of HIV transmission, respectively. Conclusion Health education and behavioral intervention targeted toward both injection drug use and high risk sexual behavior were urgently needed to reduce HIV transmission.
2003, 19(11): 1356-1357.
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Objective In order to explore the factors influncing the people's condomuse in our country and the different condom use probability. Methods A survey with structured-questionnaire was conducted among 192 male commercial sex clients detained in Re-educational Detention Center of Shenzhen. Results The frequency of condom use was significantly related with the character istics of partnership.The probabilities of insisting a condom between male with his commercial partner, non-commercial temporary partner and regular partner were 0.494 6, 0.332 6 and 0.160 0, separately, while the probabilities of non-condom use between male with his commercial partner, non-commercial temporpary partner and regular partner were 0.166 1, 0.281 2 and 0.525 8, separ ately. Conclusion The impo rtant role of partner relationship in people's sex behaviors was suggested in the study of condom-use frequency in HIV/AIDS prevention area.
2003, 19(11): 1372-1373.
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Objective To describe the characteristics and trend of road traffic accident deaths among to wnspeople of Liaoning province. Methods Death records from annual Liaoning province death statistics(1988-2000)were analyzed. Results The death rate of road traffic accident was 10.07/105, which was the first leading cause of injury death.The mortalit y of road traffic accidents had a tendency of increase from 1988 to 2000 in urban areas, especially formen.The death rate of men was higher than that of women and the ratio was 2.77.The highest death rate was found among the population within the age of 20 to 59 years old.The first three leading causes of death of traffic accident were the impact of locomotive with passerby, the impact of locomotive with nonlocomotive, the impact of locomotive with locomotive. Conclusion Road traffic accidents were one of the leading cause of injuiry death and without effective control programs.
2003, 19(11): 1376-1377.
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Objective To discuss the difference of the quality of life between addicts under different detoxification patterns. Methods To survey the quality of life of drug user in institute for voluntary abstention from drugs and detoxification center of Leshan by the quality of life for drug addict(QOL-DA). Results The addicts' quality of life in institute for voluntary abstention from drugs gothigh scores as a whole than that of addicts in detoxification center.The difference was found only on the dimensionality of psychology enginnery and function in society, but on the dimensionality of withdrawal syndrome and body enginery there was no difference to be found. Conclusion During the process of abstention from drugs, psycholoy tutorship and protection were more important to the addicts especially the person in detoxification center than lightening and eliminating the pain from withdrawal syndrome.If some life skill training, can be given to drug user, it will not only help them get rid of anxiety, give them more confidence and ability to adapt society but also can decrease the nate of abusing drug again effectively after they go back to society.
2003, 19(11): 1380-1381.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the CD4/CD8 cell levels and the plasma viral load in HIV -infected people. Methods The viral load of 207 blood samples of 84 cases were tested.The CD4/CD8 cell levels of 491 blood samples of 194 cases were tested.11 of HIV-infected cases were followed up at regular intervals and their viral load and CD4/CD8 cell levels were tested.The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software to explore the trend and correlations. Results There are significantly negative correlation trend between the CD4 cell levels and viral load(r=-0.576, P < 0.01).Close correlation were observed between the CD4/CD8 ratio and the viral load(r=-0.544, P < 0.01).The CD8 cell levels were also low in the cases with low CD4 cell levels.With the lossing of CD4 cells, the CD8 cell levels would descend. Conclusion The CD4 cell levels and the ratios of CD4/CD8 were useful indicators to viral load.In the cases with low CD4 cell levels, the changing trends of the CD4 cell levels and viral load were reverse, but not synchronous.
2003, 19(11): 1384-1385.
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Objective To identify the rural residents need and utilization for medical services. Methods An investigation was conducted about the health status of rural families by stratified-cluster random sampling, and the logistic regression was used to analyze the results. Results The two-week prevalence rate was 12.49%, the annual hospitalization rate was 12.17%.The main factors influencing the two-week prevalence rate were marital status, diet habits, and feelings of their own, the main factors of annual hospitalization rate were mar ital status, race, region, visiting doctors in time or not, smoking or not, and feelings of their own. Conclusion To improve the villagers health level, the work of prevention and health care should be enhanced according to the influencing factors.
2003, 19(11): 1387-1389.
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Objective To explore the effect of dietary calcium on the expression of uncoupling protein2(UCP2)in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of Wistar rat fed with high fat diet. Methods Fifty-four male Wister rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: A group was fed with basic diet(0.5% calcium), B group was fed with high fat and low calcium diet (0.08% calcium), C group was fed with high fat and normal calcium diet(0.5% calcium), D and E group were fed with high fat, high calcium diet(1% and 1.5% calcium respectively), F group was fed with high fat, high calcium diet(1.5% calcium) supplemented with vitamin D(600IU%).After 9 weeks, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein were measured and reverse transcription polymerase chaih reaction(RT-PCR)was used to measure the level of UCP mRNA. Results The body weight and fat content in C group were significantly higher than those of other groups(P < 0.01)How ever, the body weight in D, E, F groups fed with high fat, high calcium diet decreased significantly compared with C group.The serum insulin in C group increased significantly compared with that of A, D, E, F groups(P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in blood glucose among all groups.Compared with A group, the level of serum leptin increased significantly in C group(P < 0.05) and increased slightly in D, E, F groups(P > 0.05).Compared with C group the UCP2 mR NA expression in D, E, F groups increased significantly in skeletal muscle but there was no significant change in white adipose tissue and UCP2 mRNA expression in B group decreased significantly in white adipose tissue. Conclusion Dietary high calcium can not only reduce body weight and fat content, but also improve hyperinsulinemia, increase serum leptin and enhance the expression of UCP2 mRNA in skeletal muscle which contributed to the prevention of obesity.
2003, 19(11): 1392-1393.
Abstract:
Objective To study the effect of flavonoid of celosia cristata extract on mineralization and IGF-1 expression of cultured osteoblasts of rat. Methods The osteoblastic cells from cranlial bone of newborn rat was cultured.The effect of mineralization was detected by alizarin bordeaux stain(ARS).The effect of flavonoid of celosia cr istata extract on IGF-1 expression of cultured osteoblasb was detected by SP method.The expression level was monitored with HPIAS-1000 photograph analysismeter. Results The IGF-1 of third cultured osteoblasts cultured used flavonoid of celosia cristata extract was positive expression.The IGF-1 positive expression of flavonoid of celosia cristata extract group was higher significantly than negative control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion The flavonoid of celosia cristata extract may increase the mineralization and IGF-1 positive expression of cultured osteoblasts of rat.
2003, 19(11): 1396-1398.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of diabetes mellitus(DM)community intervention on urban population's obesity and related factors in order to provide scientific bases for more effective program of DM community intervention. Methods According to the guideline of experimental epidemiology, two city communities were selected as intervened community and controlled community respectively in Shandong province.In the year of 1997, the baseline data in both of the two communities were collected and a DM community intervention program in the intervened community was implemented.In the year of 2001, the related data were collected again with the same criteria and methods in the two communities.By the comparison of the baseline data and the data of 4 years later, the effectiveness of community intervention on healthy population's body mass index(BMI), waist to hip ratio(WHR), leisure physical activity intensity and dietary composition were analyzed. Results In the intervened community, there was no significant difference between the baseline and 4 years later data in the aver age of BMI or WHR, while the average in the controlled community rose after 4 years(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference was found in the prevalence of over weight or fat in the intervented community, but in the controlled community, overweight raised by 12.1% and fat raised by 5.6%(P < 0.01), No difference in leisure physical activity in intervened community while the proportion of middle level decreased from 47.6% to 14.2%(P < 0.01). Conclusion This community diabetes intervention program had distinct effects on the fat and related factors, leisure physical activity intensity and dietary composition, which suggested good compliance of the intervention project on diabetes and risk factors in urban population.
2003, 19(11): 1401-1403.
Abstract:
Objective To explore a valid, feasible and reliable intervention model on dietary knowledge, dietary attitudes and dietary behaviors of pupils. Methods Pupils of grades 3, 4 and 5 in Taoyuan elementary school in Taiyuan city were examined by self-designed dietary knowledge, dietary attitudes and dietary behaviors questionnaire in the baseline and were assigned to intervention group and control group.The balance between the two groups was tested statistically.The pupils of the intervention group received intervention for half a year.After intervention dietary knowledge, dietary attitudes and dietary behaviors of pupils in both groups were assessed again. Results The mean scores of dietary knowledge, dietary attitudes and dietary behaviors of intervention group were significantly higher than that in control group. Conclusion The methods of the intervention study was appropriate and the contents of the inter vention was suitable.
2003, 19(11): 1404-1405.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate how much the seamen on the Changjiang river know about AIDS and to evaluate the effectiveness after AIDS and health instruction. Methods To instruct the Changjiang seamen in the knowledge of AIDS and to question them before and after the instruction by means of KABP. Results The Chiangjiang seamen had some knowledge about AIDS, but incomplete about the prevalent pass.After the health instruction the knowledge rate of the Changjiang seamen about the knowledge of AIDS was increased prominently and their attitude toward AIDS patients changed remarkably. Conclusion To instruct the Changjiang seamen in the knowledge of AIDS would greatly improve their mastery of the AIDS knowledge, which was an important measure to hold out AIDS spread in our country.So instruction Changjiang seamen in the knowledge of AIDS and health should be strengthened and extended.