2004 Vol. 20, No. 1
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2004, 20(1): 1-2.
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Objective To summarize the immunological characteristics of death cases from severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). Methods the basic clinical characteristics of SARS death cases were analyzed.At the same time, the absolute numbers of Tlymphocyte and its subgroups, NK and B cells of 37 serum samples from 19 SARS cases were counted with the flow cytometry and compared with the normal control and the HIV groups. Results the absolute numbers of lymphocytes, T, T4 and T8 lymphocytes decreased significantly(P < 0.001), as compared with those of the HIV and the normal control groups.The minimum values of the four items were 85, 38, 26 and 14 cells/mm3, respectively.The ratio of T4 to T8 lymphocytes of the SARS group was hig her than that of the HIV group(P < 0.001).There was no significant difference between SARS patients and normal controls.The NK and B cells of the SARS group declined significantly, with the minimum counts of 2 and 17 cells/mm3, respectively. Conclusion the function of humoral and cellular immunity of SARS death cases was significantly low.The detection of absolute counts of Tlymphocytes and its subgroup, B and NK cells were useful for the judgement of severity and prognosis of the disease.It may be used as a supplementary diagnosis method in the early stage of SARS.
2004, 20(1): 2-3.
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Objective To investigate clinical practice student's SARS infection to provide the basis for SARS control in future. Methods By using cluster sampling with the epidemiological individual cases form, undergraduate students of Zhongshen Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, were investigated.Meanwhile, 10 students who were SARS cases and 20 classmates who carried out the clinical practic in same hospital were drawn the blood sample and the SARS virus specific IgG antibody were detected. Results 10 students got the SARS in 237 clinical practical students, the morbidity was 4.22%.Among 20 students who involved in anti-SARS jobs, 6 students got the SARS, the morbidity was 30.0%;Among 217 students who carried out clinical practical in hospital but didn't work at anti-SARS departent, 4 students got the SARS, the morbidity was 1.84%. Conclusion Clinical practice student was the the high risk individual to get SARS infection, the preventive measures should be strengthened and the ability to treat the outbreak case of public health should be trained to them.
2004, 20(1): 10-12.
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Objective To clone and analyze the variable gene of monoclonal antibody H7 againsthantaan virus. Methods According to amino acid consensus sequences of mouse immunoglobulins(Igs)as described by Kabat et al, degenerated primers were designed and synthesized.The nucleotide sequences were derived by using the codons preferentially used in murine Ig variable region(V)genes as listed in the Kabat database.Based on RT-PCR technology, succeeding in preparing mRNA、amplifying cDNA and in cloning Ig heavy(VH)and light(VK)chain variable domains from murine hybridoma H7, which secreted antibody specifically binding to HFRSV, and the variable genes were cloned into T7-sequencing vector respectively. Results the subsequent sequence analyses were performed with a DNA-STAR sequence analysis program, and the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences indicated that H7-VK gene consisted of 357 bp and 119 amino acids (JK4), 360 bp and 120 amino acids of H7-VH gene(JH4)respectively.The sequences were submitted to the GenBank database and they were given the following accession numbers: AY245601 and AY245602. Conclusion the results would be potentially useful in constructing engineering antibody(such as genetic evolvement and affinity maturation in vitro)as thera-peutic reagents for HFRS patients.
2004, 20(1): 13-15.
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Objective To investigate the effects of 4-nonylphenol(4-NP)on cultured rat embryos < I > in vitro < /I > and to explore its embryonic toxic mechanisms. Methods the 9.5-day-old Wistar rat embryos were explanted and cultured at six different concentrations of 4-NP in rat immediately centrifugal serum(0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/L)for 48 hours.Light microscope and electronic miroscope were used to observe structure of cultured embyos and their visceral yolk sacs (VYS). Results 4-NP athigher level(≥25 mg/L)could inhibit the growth and cardiac tube differentiation of VYS and increase abnormal embryos.Mutli-system abnormalities included neural tube defect, small heart, deficiency in axial rotation and small fore limb bud, etc.Under light microscope, 4-NP could result in apparent pathologic changes on VYS and brain, heart and arch of embryos, it was also observed that 4-NP could damage ultrastructure of VYS under scanning electronic microscope.There was a dose-response relationship between concentration of 4-NP and its embryonic developmental toxicity. Conclusion 4-NP could cause embryonic toxicity to cultured rat embryo athigher level.The damage of structure and function of VYS and the direct cytotoxicity induced by 4-NP may play a vital role in embryonic toxic mechanisms of 4-NP in vitro.
2004, 20(1): 15-16.
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Objective To study the relation between fluorine and lipid peroxide, and the effects of selenium of fluor ideinduced lipid peroxide. Methods 40 rats were divided into four groups(control, fluorine, selenium, Se-fluorine by drinking) in random and fed for eight weeks.To observe the effects of selenium of fluoride-induced lipid peroxide in blood serum, liver, kidney, heart, testis in rats. Results the glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in whole blood of the fluorine group was significant decrease, and the obvious increase of lipid peroxide(LPO)levels in blood serum, liver, kidney, heart, testis can be observed.Adding the selnium in drinking can increase the power of anti-oxidation, as well as increase the activities of GSH-Px and decrease the levels of LPO. Conclusion Selenium can antagon fluoride-induced lipid peroxide.
2004, 20(1): 17-19.
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Objective To investigate the distribution of SDF1-3'A, CCR2-64I and-2518MCP-1 polymorphism in the indigenous Han population of Anhui province. Methods the polymorphism of SDF1-3'A, CCR2-64I and-2518MCP-1 was dete rmined by PCR-RFLP and ARMS(amplification refractory mutation system)respectively. Results the frequency of-2518MPC-1Gin Anhui Han Amerians(P < 0.01).There was significant difference in frequency of CCR2-64I between Caucasian and African Amerians and Anhui Han population(25%), and the frequency of SDF1-3'A (22%)in Anhui Han population was higher than that of African Amerians.But there was no significant difference between Anhui Han population and others areas in China. Conclusion the frequency of-2518MCP-1, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A in Anhui Han population was different from others population in the world.
2004, 20(1): 19-20.
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Objective To understand the status of rural reproduction women of reproductive care in Shanxi Province. Methods A stratified-cluster sampling technique was employed in four ar eas including 22 villages.Prevalence survey about reproductive health status and needs such as birth, preventive health care, and so on was carried out for 3 256 women aged 18-45 years. Results the average age of initial marriage was 19.2 years old, average gravidity was 1.95 times, and average birth living-child was 0.86 each one woman.The proportions of taking part in examination before marr iage in couples was 34.09%.There was the tendency that the younger of women, the higher in education level, the higher in the proportions of taking part in examination before marriage and antenatal care.The main place for their receiving repro ductive health services focused on countryside birth control center, and the main resource of getting information about repr ocductive health was television.The needs about reproductive health service was urgent for reproductive-age women.The most urgent needs (94.17%)was to get antenatal care. Conclusion the reproductive health care was weak in rural women, but the womens needs was urgent for the care.The level of reproductive health correlated to the level of womens education positively.
2004, 20(1): 21-22.
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Objective To investigate the effects of chronic lead exposure on rathippocampal CA1LTP and Extra Cellular Signal Regulated Kinase 2(ERK 2)activityin vivo. Methods A stimulus bipolar electrode was placed in the Schaffer/Commissural fibers, with extra cellar microelectrode technique recorded Population Spike(PS)in CA1 pyramidal, and the changes of PS amplitude was observed before and after the high frequency stimulation(HFS)of lead exposure group and control, respectively.The hippocampal CA1 activity of ERK 2 was determined by Western blots. Results the baseline recordings of PS evoked by single pulse stimulation revealed no differences between control and lead exposure group.After HFS, the PS of lead exposure, on an average, decrease 79% compared with the control(P < 0.01).Lead exposure hippocgmpal CA1 ERK 2 activity decreased 24.1% compared with the control(P < 0.01). Conclusion Chronic lead exposure inhibited CA1 LTP in vivo, and the decrease of RRK 2 activity may play an important role in this inhibition.
2004, 20(1): 23-25.
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Objective Studying the time and types dist ribution of cancer mortality of Fujian pro vince from 1991 to 1999. Method Using correspondence analysis to study the data of cancer mortality of Fujian province. Results Turning up the common factors of the time and types of cancer mortality of Fujian province, and its factor loading.Then drawing a graph of factor concentration by using the time and types factor loading. Conclusion the digestive system cancer had the higher mortality, and the mo rtality of bladder cancer was the lowest one both in urban and rural areas in 9 years.
2004, 20(1): 25-26.
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Objective To investigate a rapid and sensitive scr eening method for detecting estrogenic compounds in enviromnental hormone. Methods Both expression plasmid pcDNA31.1-ER and repor ter plasmid pGL3-tk-ERE were constructed by inserting cDNA of human estrogen receptor-α(ER-α)into plasmid pcDNA31.1 and estrogen receptor response element(ERE)into reporter plasmid pGL3-tk, respectively.After cotransfection the two plasmids into Hela cells, the luciferase activity induced by 17-β-estradiol(E2)or Bisphenol A(BPA)through the interaction of ER with ERE were detected. Results the activity of enzyme regulated by ERE in the presence of E2 and BPA were linearly correlated with the concentration of E2 and BPA within a certain dose range. Conclusion this method was suitable for detection of estrogen and estrogenic compounds.With further development, it would become a rapid and efficient routine method for detection of estrogenic compounds in the environmental hormone.
2004, 20(1): 27-28.
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Objective To express and obtain the fused protein thermolabile hemolysin(TLH)of vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP). Methods Prokaryotic expression plasmid p ET32a+-tlh was constructed and incorporated into E.coil BL21(λDE3) the engineered bacteria were inducted by IPTG to express TLH, which was identified by SDS-PAGE and purified by using 6×hisNi-NTA Resin. Results the induced expression fusion protein was inclusion, which expression reached to 10% of the total protein of BL21(λDE3), the high pure fused protein TLH was obtained by using affinity chromatography method. Conclusion the recombinant plasmid p ET32a+-tlh had stably and efficiently expression in BL21(λDE3), the high pure fused protein TLH could be obtained by using affinity chromatography method by using low concentration imidazole β,-ME and Triton x-100 to reduce contaminated protein.
2004, 20(1): 29-30.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of female condom for preventing sexually transmitted diseases. Methods 40 healthy married women were recruited as volunteers to participate the study, 5 female condoms were used for each woman, pre-and post-coital vaginal swabs, a completed form describing problems that occurred during condom use were collected.Prostate-specific antigen(PSA)in the luents of the vaginal swab was tested with the chemiluminescent immuno assay. Results At least one mechanical problem was experienced in 18.27% of used condom.The post-coital PSA mean level with the self-reported problem was(33.35±35.6)ng/ml, and it was(14.97±16.96)ng/ml without self-reported problem.there was a significant statistical difference(t=8.942, P < 0.001);and also a significant correlation between mechanical problem and PSA level(r=0.77, P < 0.001). Conclusion Although female condom could prevent the infection of STD and HIV, the radical method of preventing STD and HIV was to avoid having sex with the person other than spouse.
2004, 20(1): 31-32.
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Objective To establish a model of oxidative damage in erythrocycte ghost induced by superoxide anion free radicals(SAFR), and to study the influence of portulaca total flavone on erythrocyte ghost blocking degree. Methods the erythrocyte ghost oxidative damage was induced by SAFR which was produced by auto-oxidation of pyrogallicacid.The effect of portulaca total flavone on erythrocyte ghost blocking degree was studied. Results SAFR can apparently alleviated blocking degree.But portulaca total flvone improved the membrance blocking degree significantly, and there was dose-effect relationship. Conclusion Portulaca total flavone had certain protective action for erythrocyte ghost blocking degree.
2004, 20(1): 33-34.
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Objective To discover the relation between smoking cessation and diabetes mellitus. Methods By stratified random cluster sampling, the data was collected and established in SPSS and statistical analysis was made with Chi-square test and analysis of variance. Results Among 11742 observed objectives, 3190 persons were smoking, 8203 no smoking and 336 in smoking cessation.13 didn't indicate their smoking situation.The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 2.5%, 2.4% and 5.2% in smoking, no smoking and smoking cessation groups respectively after culling specimen who terminated smoking after suffering from diabetes mellitus.The difference was statistically significant.The standard morbidity of diabetes mellitus was 2.3%, 2.6% and 5.4% in smoking, no smoking and smoking cessation groups respectively, according to the standard proportion of age.The difference was statistically significant too. Conclusion the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher in smoking cessation.The health effect of smoking cessation should be further studied.
2004, 20(1): 35-36.
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Objective To explore the mechanism of purslane on anti-aorta foam cells forming and to study various factors in affecting AS forming. Methods Rabbits were divided into 4 groups.The model of hyperlipidemia was established in A, B, C groups.B, C groups were given 8 or 12 gram purslane every day to each animal for 11 weeks.Blood lipids, molondiadehyde(MDA)and blood viscosity were determined.Aor at intima pathological changes under the electronmicroscope was observed.Stepwise regr ession was used to siev e primary factor in affecting of AS forming. Results Serum cholesterol(TC), triglyleride(TG), MDA, whole blood and plasma viscosities in B, C groups were markedly decreased compared to A group(P < 0.01);buthDL-C was obviously increased(P < 0.01).TC, whole blood viscosity in C group were significantly lower compared with B group(P < 0.01). Conclusion Purslane powder could markedly restrain or lower TC, TG, MAD, whole blood and plasma viscosity; but raise HDL-C.Accompany ing dose increase, puslane effect was increased.It was proved under the observation of electronmicroscope that purslane could decrease lipids deposition of arotoaintima and inhibit the formation of ather osclerotic plagul.Multiple stepwise regression analysis suggested that TC and plasma viscosity were primary factors in influence of AS forming.Purslane can markedly decreased TC and plasma viscosity.
2004, 20(1): 37-39.
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Objective Isolation of genes related to seasickness susceptibility in rat's brain stem with suppression subtractive hybridization was helpful in establishing a method of predicting people seasickness suscept ibility. Methods the mRNA were extracted from simulated seasickness susceptible and insusceptible rats brain stem.Suppr ession subtractive hybridization (SSH)method was used for isolating differentially expressed cDNA.After two times of suppression PCR, the cDNA fragments were inserted into T-vectors to set up the subtracted library, amplification of the library was carried out with transformation of E.coli by high votage electroperfor mation.The clones were amplified by PCR and identified. Results the subtracted library contained 470 clones(260 high expressed, 210 low expressed)including 442 clones containing 250-650 bp inserts. Conclusion the subtracted cDNA library of simulated seasickness susceptible rat's br ain stem was successfully constructed.It was helpful in the study of new and specific genes expressed in seasickness.
2004, 20(1): 40-42.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors for low birth weight newborns. Methods 190 low birth weight newborns(preterm low birth weight newborns: 79, term low birth weight newborns: 111)and 750 infants of the control group were investigated using questionnaire.Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the related risk factors for low birth weight. Results there were positive relations between preterm low birth weight newborns and mothers who induced abortion, maternal age above 35, BMI above 28 befor e pregnancy, stress in pregnancy, anemia, fathers drinking alcohol, mother smoking in pregnancy(OR=1.067-10.026, P < 0.05, 0.001).The factors which could increase the risk of low birth weight newborns included abortion mothers, mothers with light weight before pregnancy, mothers and fathers who were peasants, mothers who were teachers(OR=1.114-18.335, P < 0.05, 0.001).The factors which were related to preterm low birth weight newborns and term low birth weight newborns were multiparity, little preterm care, maternal height, hypertension in pregnancy and family income, etc. Conclusion Lowbirth weight was caused by many factors.Comprehensive measure should be taken to reduce morbidity of low birth weight newborns.
2004, 20(1): 43-44.
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Objective To explore the relation between heat shock proteins(HSP70 and HSP27)and nitric oxide(NO) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in marchers in dry-heat desert. Methods the plasma HPS70, HSP27, NO and NOS of 57 marchers at different speed of different time with 15 kg and of 14 controls were detected. Results With 15 kg at both 3.5 and 5.0km/h, the plasma HSP27 in the marching groups were much more than the control(P < 0.05);the plasma HPS70 in the marching groups were slightly more than the control(P > 0.05);and the plasma NO in the marching groups were much lower than the control.NO for 1 hour was much more than the other marching groups at 3.5km/h.As for NOS, NOS for 1 hour was much more than the control and the other groups at 3.5km/h; and NOS for 2 hour was much lower than the control and the other groups at 5.0km/h. Conclusion In the case of loading, there was a close relation between HSP27 and NO, NOS and no relation between HSP70 and NO and NOS in marchers in dry-heat desert.
2004, 20(1): 45-46.
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Objective To explore coping style and its contributing factors related to mental health of medical workers under stress state. Methods Four hundreds forty-six medical workers were assessed with TCSQ, PSSS and influence factors'questionnaire.Data were analysed in single factor and multiple regression analysis with SPSS. Results the mean score of PC and NC were 34.02±5.24 and 25.25±5.25.Mental state, exercise training, family accepting, self-worried, social supporthad great influence on coping style. Conclusion It should be strengthened to improve mental coping style under stress state.
2004, 20(1): 46-47.
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Objective To describe the prenatal care and birth of the fluid pregnant women in Beijing, to provide recommendations for pregnant population. Methods A focus group discussion was carried out in 16 fluid pregnant women of 3 suburbs in Beijing.Quantitative survey was conducted in 619 fluid pregnant women. Results 26.3% fluid pregnant women got the/Handbook of prenatal health care 0.65% women had no prenatal examination.39.3% women examined the B-ultrasound.The rate of delivering in hospital was 94.2%.The rate of delivering in hospital was 98.9% and 90.2% in average monthly family income\1 000 yuan and < 1 000 yuan, respectively.with statistically significant differenfe.5.8% women delivered athome. Conclusion the prenatal health service and management of fluid pr egnant women should be provided.the private midwives should be punished by the law.
2004, 20(1): 48-49.
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Objective To explore the significance of the measurement of Ag-NORs(Argyrophilic nucleolar or angizer region proteins)in dist inguishing the patients with lung cancer and pulmonar y tuberculosis. Methods the KL-immune analysis system was used to analyse Ag-NORs in lymphocyte of the healthy people, patients with lung cancer and pulmonary tuber culosis, which denoted with I.S%.It reflected the rDNA transcription activity in the nuclear of T lymphocyte. Results the value of I.S% was much lower in patients with lung cancer and tuber culosis than in health people.And obvious differences were found between them(P < 0.01).The lung cancer was much lower than those of tuberculosis patients(P < 0.01). Conclusion the measurement of Ag-NORs had certain significe in diagnosis and distinguishing the lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
2004, 20(1): 51-52.
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Objective To study the changes of several kinds of APRPs of rat with differentheat treatments. Methods 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, heat exposure group, heat exhaustion group and preheat treating group.Using rocket immunoelectrophoresis and radial immunodiffusion, the contents of ceruloplasmin(CP), haptoglobin (HP), fibronection(Fn)in sera were determined. Results the contents of CP in all groups increased sig nificantly compared with the control group, and that in preheat treat group increased significantly compared with the heat exposure group or heat exhaustion group(P < 0.05);the contents of HP in heat exposure group, the preheat treating group increased significantly compared with the control group or the heat exhaustion group(P < 0.05);the contents of Fn in heat exhaustion group decreased significantly compared with the other three groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion CP, HP, Fn were relatively sensitive biomarkers of heat; the increases in CP, HP might be regarded as a sign of self-defensive response, and the decrease in Fn sugg ested that rats were damaged by acute heat.
2004, 20(1): 52-53.
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Objective To learn DNA damage and its repair in normal human lymphocytes treated with cigarette smoke solution(CSS). Methods Human lymphocytes were exposed to 8×10-3 cig/ml CSS for0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5and6 hrespectively, then DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay. Results T ail leng ths of comet in groups exposed to CSS from 2 to 6 h were significantly longer than that of the control(0 h)(P < 0.01).It reached the longest at 3 h and decreased subse-quently.However, it did not reduce to normal level at 6 h. Conclusion CSS could induce DNA damage of human lymphocytes, and the damage could be repaired to some extent.
2004, 20(1): 55-56.
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Objective To explore the risk fators of coronary heart disease and the interactive effects between ApoE polymorphism and the other risk factors. Methods 90 patients with CHD and 90 control subjects without symptoms and sign of CHD was studied, on the base of logistic regression, odds ratios(OR)and interactions between ApoE polymorphism and other risk factors of coronary heart disease were analyzed. Results the results of multivariable logistic regression showed thathy-pertension, hyperlipemia, Cpn infection, CMV infection and ApoE polymorphism were risk factors of coronary heart disease, odds ratios of the risk factors in coronary heart disease were 5.04, 3.64, 2.37, 3.51 and 3.33 respectively.The interaction indexs were 1173, 1155, 1128 and 1120.The attributable proportions were 40.64%, 33.25%, 19.01% and 15.15%. Conclusion Hypertension, hyperlipemia, Cpn infection, CMV infection and ApoE polymorphism played important roles in the development of coronary heart disease, and ApoE plused any one of the following factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipemia, Cpninfection, CMV infection, which could increase the risk of coronary heart disease.
2004, 20(1): 57-58.
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Objective To study the effects of domic acid on MDA content and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)protein expression in mouse brain. Methods TBA method and immunity histochemistry staining were applied to assess the MDA content and HO-1 protein expression respectively in mouse brain after administration domoic acid, ip for 5 days. Results the MDA content in hippocampus in low dose group(1/90 LD50)and in high dose group(1/10 LD50)were significantly different from that in hippocampus in control group(P < 0.05).The MDA content in cortex of high dose group was significantly different form that in cortex in control group(P < 0.05).The mean light activity of positive HO-1 cells respectively was 0.141 0±0.040 7 in hippocampus and 0.140 6±0.035 4 in cortex in low dose group, respectively higher than 0.095 3±0.025 2 in hippocampus and 0.094 0±0.030 4 in cortex in control group(P < 0.05).The mean light activity of positive HO-1 cells respectively was 01162 6±0.037 4 in hippocampus and 0.160 4±0.032 5 in cortex in high dose group, respectively higher than that in hippocampus and in cortex in control group(P < 0.01). Conclusion Domoic acid could cause oxidative injury in hippocampus and cortex in mouse brain and increase HO-1 protein expression as well.
2004, 20(1): 59-60.
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Objective To observe antimutagenic effect of the extract from dictyophora, and to provide evidences to further develop and utilize it. Methods By using micronucleus test, the resisting effect of the extract from dictyophora to micronucleus mutation of the polychromatice rythrocyte of mice marrow in sternum and os femoris caused by cytophosphane was studied. Results the extract from dictyophora dosage of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 g/kg had the obvious resisting effect on the increase of mice marrow in sternum and os femoris micronucleus caused by cytophosphane(P < 0.001).It also showed that these effects had well dose-response dependent relationship.The relative coefficient was-0.98. Conclusion the extract from dictyophora had the effect of anti-mutation.
2004, 20(1): 61-62.
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Objective To study the effects of formaldehye(FA)on expression of MGMT in mice organs. Methods 40 healthy Kunming mice were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, 10 mice per group, FA low-dose group(2.5 mg/m3), FA middle-dose group(5 mg/m3), FA hig h-dose group(10 mg/m3), experimental control group(exposed no FA).Except the control group, the other 3 groups were exposed to FA by inspiration in a static total enclosure chamber 4 hours once a day for 9 consecutive weeks.After exposure, the MGMT in brain, lung, liver and kidney was examined by SABC immuno histo chemical staining. Results the expression of MGMT in liver and lung in all experimental groups were downregulated compared with the control(P < 0.05 orP < 0.01).MGMT expression of brain and kidney did not change after exposure to FA. Conclusion FA could decrease the expr ession of MGMT in liver and lung in mice.
2004, 20(1): 63-64.
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Objective To study the effect of carnitine and policosanol on acet ylcholine concentration of cerebrum in mice. Methods the adult BAL B/C mice wrerandomly divided into five groups, normal control group, high-fat-feeding group, carnitine group, policosanol group, carnitine and policosanol group.The mice in the normal control group were fed standar d for ag e.The mice in other groups were fed with forage including 20% fat, saturated grease 50% and unsatur ated oil 50%.The carnitine dose was 50 mg/kg by mice weight.The policosanol dose was 50 mg/kg by mice weight.The carnitine and policosanol dose was 50 mg/kg carnitine and 50 mg/kg policosanol.The experimental agents were included in the forage as the content of 0.09%.All the mice were fed orally for 30 d.The body weight and the brain weight of the mice were weighted, the ratio of brain weight and body weight were calculated.The Acetylcholine concentration of the cerebrum were measured by the alkalescence hydroxylamine colorimetry. Results the body weight, brain weight and the ratio of brain weight and body weight of the mice were unsignificantly different between the five groups(P > 0.05).High-fat-feeding significantly decreased the acetylcholine content of corebrum in mice(P < 0.05).Policosanol 50 mg/kg significantly increased the acetylcholine content of cerebrum in mice(P < 0.05), but the increment resulted by the policosanol was no more than that in the standard group(P > 0.05).Carnitine significantly increased the acetylcholine content of cerebrum in the mice(P < 0.05), and the increment of the cerebrum acetylcholine content were the most among the groups.There were interaction between carnitine resulted by the carnitine combining policosanol was about to the subtraction of the increment resulted by the carnitine and the increment by policosanol, which was antagonistic action between the carnitine and the policosanol. Conclusion Carnitine and policosanol respectiv ely increased the cerebrum acetylcholine content, but the combining action of carnitine and policosanol was antagonistic action.
2004, 20(1): 69-70.
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Objective Using the data collected, to evaluate the short-term effect of the promoting measures of the "Forty Integrated Counties Proiect" conducted in 5 prov inces of western poor rural areas by the Ministry of Health P.R.China(MOH)and United Nations Children's Fund(UNICEF).It is necessary to summarize the experiences and find out problems in order to establish the effective ways and measures of promoting public health, maternal and child health care in western poor region. Methods A ccording to the promoting measures in the project, to select the 27 indices and divid them into health management, medical condition, maternal and child heath care.Using Analytic Hierarchy Process, TOPSIS, Linear weighting method, to evaluate synthetically the effects of the promo ting measures on village public health, maternal and child health care at project counties. Results the values of synthetic evaluation in 2000 were significantly higher than that in the 1999.The levels of medical conditions, maternal and child care at the 40 counties' village improved significantly. Conclusion the promoting measures of the project were significant effect on improving the village health serv ice, maternal and child health care in 40 counties of western rural China.The government can take some advice from the project's experiences to establish the policies of the health reform in rural areas of China.
2004, 20(1): 71-72.
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Objective Survey and assessment were conducted on the STD service quality of pharmacies at the pilot sites in Sichuan and Yunnan, so as to inform and advise on improvement of STD services and targeted interventions. Methods Investigators pose as STD patients to visit the pharmacies randomly selected in 4 pilot sites of Sichuan and Yunnan in order to know pharmacy staff's diagnosis and treatment of STD symptoms. Results According to the assessment indicators of WHO/GPA, proportion of patients receiving standard diagnosis and treatment(PI-6)is 2.2%;proportion of patietns receiving recommendation for condom use and partner notification(PI-7)is 8.7%;while the overall quality of services(PI-6+PI-7) is graded at 0, which indicats the low quality of STI services provided by the pharmacy staff.Only a minority of pharmacy staff would recomend patients to go to hospitals for examination(30.4%). Conclusion Special emphasis should be placed on strengthening the management over STI services provided by pharmacies.Pharmacy staff should not only be able to recommend appropriate medications, but also be able to provide STD/AIDS prevention and referral services and guide patients to attend hospitals for examination and treatment in a timely fashion.Training on knowledge of STD/AIDS prevention and control should be also promoted among pharmacy staff so as to improve their ability to correctly explain treatment medications and strengthen their ability in providing prevention services(such as health education, counselling and condom promotion).Therefore, the quality of STI services provided by pharmacies can be improved constantly, and the health resources available for STD/AIDS prevention and control can be expanded.
2004, 20(1): 72-73.
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Objective To understand proportion of condom use and its determinants among commercial sex workers (CSWs)in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. Methods Based on design of sociologic focus group discussion, in-depth individual interview and epidemiological cross-sectional survey, data of social demographic characters of CSWs, knowledge about STD/AIDS, sex behaviors and condom use were collected. Results Most CSWs couldn't insist on using condom during sexual contacts with their clients each time.There were some factors influencing condom use, among which the first was that clients of CSWs were reluctant to use condom, and other factors were economical causes, condoms inaccessible easily and measures of contraception(OR=7.623, 95%CI3.832-15.165). Conclusion Proportion of condom use was rather low among CSWs in Sichuan and Yunnan province, the main reason of which was clients'unwillingness for use.
2004, 20(1): 74-75.
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Objective To explore the risk factors and to provide evidence for prevention and intervention of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). Methods On the basis of the epidemiological survey of type 2 DM in urban community population of Chongqing, a frequency matched case-control study was used.The relationships between risk factors and type 2 DM were analyzed by unconditional univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. Results Family history of DM, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia were the major risk factors for type 2 DM. Conclusion It was an important measure to prevent type 2 DM in community population to propose healthy life style including proper diet, control of weight and high blood pressure.
2004, 20(1): 76-77.
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Objective To investigate the associatio n between blood glucose levels and a set of human body par ameters in order to determine which anthropometric parameter correlated mosthig hly with the blood glucose level. Methods Data needed for this analysis were available from a survey of diabetes risk factors in the community residents of Shanghai urban areas, collected data including body height and weight; waist and hip circumferences; after calculating body mass index(BMI), waist/hip ratio(WHR), the association of the anthropometr ic parameters with FPG and OGTT was explored by canonical correlation analysis. Results Canonical correlations were satistically significance between the anthropometric parameters and blood glucose levels in all sex-age-specific groups.Of the anthropometric variables, waist consistently demonstr ated the highest correlation coefficients with FPG and 2-hour OGTT, while BMI ranked second.Of the blood glucose variables, the correlation coefficient of OGTT with body parameters was generally the highest. Conclusion Waist circumferences was most highly correlated with blood glucose levels; and compared with FPG, 2-hour OGTT indicated a stronger association with an- thropometric parameters.
2004, 20(1): 78-80.
Abstract:
Objective To understand the type, distribution and epidemic charateristics as well as relating factors of endemic fluorosis in Liaoning province. Methods To combine general survey and sampling randomly. Results The endemic fluorosis in Liaoning province is mainly drinking water type.Its distribution is wide and severe.There are 645 387 patients suffering from dental fluorosis, 45 078 paeients suffering from skeletal fluorosis in 2 705 villages of 49 counties of 13 cities.The type of fluorosis area is complicated including mountainous type, plain type, coastal region type, hot spring type and basin type. Conclusion Rich fluoride environment is the main reason for forming the fluorosis area.According to the special geographic environment and economical factors, adopting comprehensive control and removal of flour from water are the main measures to prevent endemic fluorosis in Liaoning province.
2004, 20(1): 89-90.
Abstract:
Objective Using urinary NAG, urinary protein and BUN as indices to study whether there was dose-effect relationships between the exposed dose of mercury chloride and the acute nephrotoxicity, and to observe the relationship between the exposed dose of mercury chloride and level of mercury in body. Methods T wenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly.The control group was given a subcutaneous injection of 0.9% saline.T he other groups were given mercuric chloride by subcutaneous injection of 0.75, 1.5 and 2.5mg/(kg·weight).12-hour Urine was collected after being injected 12 hours later and the blood, kidney and liver were gotten after being injected 48 hours later.Mercury concentrations in liver, kidney and ur ine, the activity of urinary NAG and the level of urinar y protein and BUN were determined. Results The variation of mer cury concentrations in liver, kidney and urine among the four groups were significant.There was significantly increase of mercury concentration in liver when the dose of mercuric chloride reached 2.5 mg/(kg·weight)and in urine when 1.5 mg/(kg·weight).The most significance was observed in kidney.The positive cor relation was obtained between the dose of mercury chloride exposed and the level of mercury in body.The more mercuric chloride was exposed, the worse acute nephrotoxicity was.The significant increase of urinary NAG, urinary protein and BUN were observed when the rats were injected 2.5 mg/(kg·weight)mercuric chloride. Conclusion There was dose-effect relationship between the exposed levels of mercuric chloride and the mer cury concentration in body.The acute nephrotoxicity was worse with the dose of mercuric chloride increasing.The mercury concentration in urine can be used for the early determinant indexes of acute nephrotoxicity.
2004, 20(1): 110-112.
Abstract:
Objective To explore the physical growth character istic of school-age children between urban and rural from 1985 to 2000 in Hubei and relative problems, in or der to provide school preventive hygienic instruction. Methods To analyse students.physical growth level and trend between urban and rural in differ ent years according to the data of physical growth in Hubei province in 1985, 1995 and 2000. Results The height difference of students between urban and rural areas reduced with aging, The risingextent in rural area was higher than that in urban area from 1985 to 2000.But the rising extent weight and chest circumference in urban area were higher than that in rural area.The order of Ververck index increased from high to low as follows, urban boys > urban girls > rural boys > rural girls. Conclusion The level of physical growth in urban and rural areas was improving during 15 years, but there were difference between urban and rural areas.The physical growth of children in rural area ought to be attentive.
2004, 20(1): 119-120.
Abstract:
Objective To study the knowledge of pr eschool children about oral health in Chong qing. Methods From September to October in 2001 oral health course were given to 484 preschool children in 6 primary schools in Chongqing, which amounted to 8-class hours and lasted 2 months, and questionnaire investigation was taken before and after giving lessons. Results The corr ect rate which the children answered the investigation increased from 61.92% before giving lesons to 90.19% after giving lessons.The correct rate remarkably improved. Conclusion Giving oral health education and publicizing teeth disease prevention know ledge to preschool children canex tend preventing teeth disease from hospitals to schools.It was great meaningful to train the good oral hygienic habits, establish correct concept about how to prevent teeth diseases for raising children oral health level.