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2009 Vol. 25, No. 8

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Skinfold thickness and body composition in twins of different development periods
LI Yu-ling, JI Cheng-ye
2009, 25(8): 897-899. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-01
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Objective To assess the genetic and environmental influences on skinfold thickness and body composition of children and adolescents in different development periods.Methods The triceps and subscapular skinfolds were measured and the body composition were estimated by using Changling's and Brozek's models in a total of 376 twin pairs of Han nationality,including 245 monozygotic(MZ)and 131 like-sex dizygotic(DZ)twin pairs aged 6 to 18 years.Model-fitting method with Mxpackage was performed to evaluate the proportion of variance components and to analyze the effect of sex,age and development period on the skinfold thickness and body composition.Results The estimated heritabilities of each item were from 0.59 to 0.87 after adjusting for age.The heritabilities of triceps skinfolds,subscapular skinfolds,sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds and body fat percent were the lowest in pre-adolescent period in the boys(0.55,0.62,0.53,0.51,respectively)and the lowest in late-adolescent period in girls(0.53,0.43,0.24,0.40,respectively).In the course of adolescence,the heritabilities of lean body mass increased steadily in both boys and girls.Conclusion The skinfold thickness and body composition of the children and adolescents are mainly influenced by genetic factors and the effects of the age,gender and the development periods should be considered too.
Epidemiological survey of senile dementia among elderly people in communities of Tai’an
WANG Hong-yan, ZHANG Ying-quan, CHEN Xian-rui
2009, 25(8): 899-900. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-02
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Objective To explore the prevalence of senile dementia among elderly people in communities of Tai'an in order to provide reference for prevention and control of the disease.Methods The elderly aged 60 or over from five communities were selected and surveyed with min imental state exam ination(MMSE).The suspected patients were diagnosed by neurologisits using the DSMIV and NNCDS ADRDA.Results The total prevalence otdementia was 8.41%(52 patients).Among them,A1zhemler's disease(AD)was 6.79%(42 patients)and cerebro vascular disease was 1.62%(10 patients).Conclusion The prevalence of demintia in community is smiilar to that of other reports.AD is one of the main causes of dementia.Senility,lower deucational level and female olders are the risk factors of dementia.
Personality and depressive symptoms and their influential factors in children left-behind in rural area
LAN Yan-ling, LI Yan, TANG Xiu-juan
2009, 25(8): 901-903. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-03
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Objective To explor the personality,depressive symptoms and their relative factors among children left-behind in rural areas.Methods A survey was carried out in 270 children aged 7-16 years left-behind in rural areas and 609 non-left-behind with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ)and Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale for Children(CES-DC).Results Left-behind children had higher scores than non-left-behind children in P and N disemsion and CES-DC(P<0.05,P<0.01).The prevalence of character limitations was significantly higher in left-behind children (64.4%)than in non-left-behind group(47.6%;χ2=21.25,P<0.01).The depressive symptoms score of the left-behind children was significant higher(40.4%)than that of the non left-behind group(27.8%;χ2=13.78,P<0.01).Scores of EPQP and EPQN were positivey correlated with scores of CES-DC scale(r=0.198,r=0.372;P<0.01).Ten variables influenceing the personality traits and depressive symptoms of children were age,sex,peer interaction,parents' expectation for children,consanguineous marriage of parents,satisfaction to family condition,self-estimate,academic achievement,frequency of meeting with the parents,and psychiatric history of family.Conclusion The reare obviously character limitations and depression symptoms in children left-behind in rural areas.Efficient interference should be considered.Objective To explor the personality,depressive symptoms and their relative factors among children left-behind in rural areas.Methods A survey was carried out in 270 children aged 7-16 years left-behind in rural areas and 609 non-left-behind with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ)and Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale for Children(CES-DC).Results Left-behind children had higher scores than non-left-behind children in P and N disemsion and CES-DC(P<0.05,P<0.01).The prevalence of character limitations was significantly higher in left-behind children (64.4%)than in non-left-behind group(47.6%;χ2=21.25,P<0.01).The depressive symptoms score of the left-behind children was significant higher(40.4%)than that of the non left-behind group(27.8%;χ2=13.78,P<0.01).Scores of EPQP and EPQN were positivey correlated with scores of CES-DC scale(r=0.198,r=0.372;P<0.01).Ten variables influenceing the personality traits and depressive symptoms of children were age,sex,peer interaction,parents' expectation for children,consanguineous marriage of parents,satisfaction to family condition,self-estimate,academic achievement,frequency of meeting with the parents,and psychiatric history of family.Conclusion The reare obviously character limitations and depression symptoms in children left-behind in rural areas.Efficient interference should be considered.
Change of death model among inhabitants of Henan province
DI Xiu-juan, XUAN Shui-li, GUO Wan-shen
2009, 25(8): 903-904. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-04
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Objective To understand the death model and its change among inhabitants of Henan province.Methods Three sets of retrospective death survey data were used.Results The crude death rates for the three death survey in 1974-1976,1990-1992 and 2004-2005 was 779.9/100,000,611.1/100,000 and 610.1/100,000,respectively.The death level showed a decrease trend.The crude death rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were ranked to the top five death causes and the crude death rate of infectious diseases was excluded from the top five death causes.Conclusion The decrease of death level in population of Henan relates to decreased mortality of young age people and infectious diseases.The mortality of malignancy,heart disease and cerebrovascular disease show a ascending trend.Respiratory system disease and infectious disease present a decrease trend.
Survey on mental health status and suicidal ideation among rural children left-behind
LI Guang-you, TAO Fang-biao.
2009, 25(8): 905-907. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-05
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Objective To investigate mental health status and the suicide intention and attempt among rural children with their parents working outside hometown.Methods Eight hundred and fifty-two rural children aged 14-16 years were selected from three technical colleges in Liuan city,Anhui province.The Self-rating Depression Scale,Self-rating Anxiety Scale,Trait Style Questionnare and self-designed suicidal behavior questionnare refered to that used in Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance of USA were adopted.Results Among 840 children with qualified information,there were 146 children reporting their parents working outside the hometown and 149 reporting their father,39 reporting their mother working outside the home town.No significant difference in rates of depression and anxiety between the children with and without parents working outside.There were significant differences in socres of positive coping between children with parents working outside and children without parents working outside(30.5274?5.8865 vs 28.9150?5.85761,P<0.01).There were 311 children (37.0%)with self-reported suicidal ideation,105(12.5%)with suicidal plan and 53(6.3%)with suicidal attempt,respectively.Compared with the children without parents working outside,the children with their father and the children with their mother working outside had significant higher prevalence of suicidal ideation(63.8%vs 29.8%,P<0.01;64.1%vs 29.8%,P<0.01).There sults of multiple non-conditional regression indicated that the grade(OR=0.714,95%CI=0.517-0.986),nationality(OR=2.441,95%CI=1.087-5.480)had significant effect on suicidal ideation of the children.Conclusion Parentsps working outside can influence the psychological development of their children aged 14-16 years old.There is no significant diffence in suicidal behavior between children with their parents working outside and children without parents working outside.
Prevalence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Jiangxi province
LIU Xiao-qing, YUAN Hui, YANG Meng
2009, 25(8): 907-908. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-06
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Objective To analyze the prevalence trend of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis(ECM)from 1998 to 2007 in Jiangxi province to provide basis for controls trategy.Methods The supervision data from the epidemic surveillance system and case investigation data were analyzed.Results Overall,595 ECM cases were reported from 1998 to 2007.The average annual incidence were 0.14/100000.The average mortality rate 0.0097/100000 and the average mobility was 6.89%.The most of ECM cases was students(52.27%),followed by remote rural and mountainous residents(23.02%).77.98% of the ECM cases was below the age of 15 years.The high incidence seasons were winter and spring and the high incidence months were from January to April.Conclusion More attention should be given to the pathogen surveillance and antimicrobial susceptibility test of meningococcal meningitis.The main strategies for controlling ECM are real-time supervision,rapid intervention,and responsive risk communication.
Accident injury behavior among junior high school students in peasant worker’s children school and urban public school
NIE Shao-ping, XU Yan-jun, MA Wen-jun
2009, 25(8): 909-911. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-07
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Objective To understand the accident injury behaviors among junior high school students in peasant worker's children school for injury prevention and intervention.Methods The cluster random sampling method was adopted to perform anonymous questionnaire survey in 5 791 junior high schools tudents from 11 peasant worker's children schools and 16 urban public schools of Guangdong province.Results The incidence rate of fighting(30.5%),self-injurious behavior(11.2%),being bullied(13.1%),feelings of lonely(12.9%),sad(11.7%)and insomnia(10.2%)were higher in peasant worker's children school students than that of in urban public schools tudents.The feeling of unsafety(8.0%)and the unsafe game playing(90.4%)were lower in peasant workerπs children school students than that of in urban public school students.The behaviors of riding and walking against regulation,swimming in unsafe water,fighting were higher in boys than that of in girls.But the feelings of lonely,gloomy,insomnia,sad and hopeless,self-injurious behavior were higher in the girls than that of in the boys.Conclusion Violence behavior and suicide related psychological problems were more serious in peasant worker's children school students than that of urban public school students.More attentions should be paid to social adaptation of the children of peasant workers.
Effects of dietary and lifestyle on bone mineral density of elderly man
LIU Wei-jun, WU Hua, WANG Jun-wen
2009, 25(8): 911-912. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-08
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Objective To evaluate the effects of lifestyle factors on bone mineral density(BMD)of elderly man for the prevention of osteoporosis.Methods A total of 286 healthy man aged 50-79 were interviewed to obtain information on their lifestyle.The subjects were divided into three groups(A,B,C)according their daily in take of calcium from low to high and their spinal BMD and femoral neck BMD were dete rmined with DEXA scan.Results The spinal BMD and femoral neck BMD of group C were higher than that of group A(P<0.01)for subjects at age of 60-69.The man doing physical exercise constantly had higher BMD than those seldom doing(P<0.05).Conclusion The ingestion of abundant calciumis help ful to enhance BMD.Drinking and protein in take have no obvious effect on BMD.Smoking can cause decrease of BMD.Physical exercises is help ful to enhance BMD.
Gender difference in sexual and reproductive health among young migrant workers
GAO Su-hong, YU Xiao-ming, GONG Lu-xia
2009, 25(8): 913-915. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-09
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Objective To understand the sexual and reproductive health knowledge,attitude and practice status among male and female young migrants aged 15-24 years old and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 1 075 migrants aged 15-24 were investigated with anonymous self-adm inistered questionnaire in Ji'nan city.Results The sexual and reproductive health knowledge of male and female young migrants were rather low with anaverage score of 25 10 for abortion knowledge in the males.35.0% of male subjects considered that one could have premarital sex if the partner nodded,while only 16.1% of female subjects agreed with the attitude.The proportion of sticking to having no sex with lovers in the males was lower than that of in the females(χ2=14.1704,P<0.001).30.7% of the subjects reported sex experience with the ratios 40.1% in males and 23.7% in females,and the difference was of significance(χ2=29.385,P<0.001).Sex experience of both males and females was positively influenced by education level,the attitude about contraception.The attitude toward unmarried sex and the coping method with lover's sex request were positively associated with sex experience in the female.Conclusion The gender differences between male and female should be considered when sexual and reproductive health education and services are provided to unmarried young migrants.
Diet, exercise and weight control behaviors among adolescents in Xicheng district, Beijing
ZHANG Shi-wei, LU Li-xin, YANG Wen-na
2009, 25(8): 915-916. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-10
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Objective To understand the diet,exercise and weight control behaviors of adole scents in Xicheng district of Beijing,and to provide evidence for school health education and promotion.Methods A risk behaviors questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 007 students selected from 9 middle schools.Results The proportions of having soft drinks,eating sweet food,having we stern-style fast food and eating fried food frequently were 31.4%,31.04%,6.93%,and 7.47%,respectively.41.49% of the students was used to choose specific food;61.04% drank milk frequently;73.32% had breakfast every day.The proportions of participating daily physical exercises,mode rate intensity physical exercises and walking or riding fora time of 30 minutes or more continuously were 60.46%,47.11%,and 56.60%,respectively.The proportions of watching TV/video,doing homework,playing electronic games,and using internet more than two hours per day were 28.59%,68.57%,21.39%,and 21.27%,respectively.43.00% of the students thought they were overwe iht and 76.08% took measures to lose weight.1.39% of the students had vomitting;3.71% had history of fasting;1.97% had history of taking pill,powders or liquids to lose weight.Conclusion Nutrition education should be taken and physical exercise,healthy diet and exercise behaviors should be promoted among middle school students.
Integrated application of behavior change theories in IEC strategies on children’ s immunization
ZHANG Jing-xu, WANG Yuan-yuan, WANG Yan
2009, 25(8): 917-919. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-11
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Objective A new behavior change path model was built to explore the influencing factors and behavior change model on children's mimunization in minority areas.Methods With stratified-cluster random sampling,villages were selected in 3 intervention counties and 291 mothers with children under 2 years old were surveyed using self-designed questionnaire.Path analysis was used to build a behavior change model on children's mim unization.Results The mothers' scores of knowledge,attitudes,intents,emergency management,social support and mimunization behaviors were 39.7,11.8,11.82,11 1,10.6,and 28.3,respectively.The behaviors of children's immunization were influenced by information,education and communication(IEC)strategies,knowledge,attitudes,intents,emergency management,social support and some demographic and social characteristic,sand those factors were also interactional.Conclusion Individuals' public and social factors should be taken into account for effective strategies to improve children's mimunization.
Effect of arsenic on antioxidative ability of human keratinocytes
SUN Xian-ce, WANG Shao-peng, GAO Na
2009, 25(8): 919-920. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-12
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Objective To explore the effect of sodium arsenite(NaAsO2)on antioxidative ability in human keratinocytes(HaCaT).Methods The fluo rescence in tensity of dichlorofluoresce in(DCF)was detected by flow cytometry.The malondia ldehyde(MDA)content was detected by improved thio-barbituric acid fluorometric method.Superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity was dete rmined by Nitrite-kit.The catalase(CAT)activity was determined by ultraviolet velocity direct method.Results The fluorescence in tensity of DCF increased to 1.3,1.6,1.7,and 1.8 times of the control's in 215,10,and 20μmol/L NaAsO2 treated groups,respectively(P<0.05).The MDA content increased to 1.1,1.4,1.5,and 2.2 time of the control's in 215,10,and 20μm o l/L NaAsO2 treated groups,respectively(P<0.05).While the activity of SOD decreased to 78% and 61% of the control's in 10μmol/L and 20μmol/L NaAsO2 groups.And CAT activity decreased to 50% and 34% of the control's in 10μmol/L and 20μmol/L NaAsO2 groups.Conclusion A rsenic can cause oxidative damage and decrease antioxidative ability in human keratinocytes.
2009, 25(8): 921-922. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-13
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Risk factors of simple obesity in primary and middle school students in Xuzhou city
YAO Ling-ling, XU Zhan-zhong, LI Lei
2009, 25(8): 922-923. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-14
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Objective To analyze the factors of simple obesity in primary and middle school students in order to provide basis for intervention.Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling,students in 10 primary and middle schools were selected.The questionnaire survey was conducted among the students to collect information on diet,exercise and other living behavior and physical examination was carried out.Non-conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze factors of obesity.Results High-birth-weight(OR=1.357,P<0.05),high education level of the father(OR=2.048,P<0.05),eating fast(OR=1.747,P<0.05),enjoy meat(OR=3.451,P<0.05)and sweets(OR=1.379,P<0.05) were risk factors of obesity.Consumption of eggs(OR=0.628,P<0.05),taking soy products(OR=0.699,P<0.05),taking fresh fruits and vegetables(OR=0.346,P<0.05),nutritional supplements(OR=0.354,P<0.05),more physical exercise(OR=0.344,P<0.05)and long time exercise were protective factors of normal weight.Conclusion The high education level of father,diet,living behavior and high weight at birthare related to obesity among primary and middle school students in Xuzhou city.
Risk factors of traffic injury among students in middle and primary schools
WEN Yun, YU Chuan-hua, ZHOU Li
2009, 25(8): 924-925. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-15
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Objective To explore ther isk factors of traffic injuries among students of middle and primary schools so as to provide measures for injury control.Methods Overall 27175 students from six districts in Shenzhen were selected with multistage stratified cluster sampling.Logistic regression model was used to analyze risk factors.Results The traffic injury incidence was 5.2% with a higher incidence in boys than in girls(χ2=56.000,P=0.000).The incidence in children aged 10.14 was the highest(6.4%).Risk factors for the injuries included gambol on road(OR=2.123),convenience for crosing the road(OR=1.565),road sign judgment(OR=1.558),traffic light identification(OR=1.440),ambulation safety(OR=1.141),number of cross road on the way to school(OR=1.036).Conclusion The occurrence of traffic injuries is influenced by a number of risk factors related to student's cognition,behavior and road environment.Pertinent measure should be adopted to control traffic injuries among the students.
Injury incidence among school children in Bengbu city
LUO Yan, TAO Fang-biao, ZHANG An-hui.
2009, 25(8): 926-927. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-16
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Objective To know the situation of injury and injury-induced disability among school children in Bengbu city of Anhui province.Methods Aretospective study on the situation of injuries during 2007 was conducted among 738 cases who were selected by means of stratified cluster sampling.Results The incidence rate of injury was 36.86%.Further analys is showed that the injury prevalence among school children was associated with age,with a peak injunior high school students(41.21%).Home and campus were common places of the injury occurrence.The leading three tpyes of injuries were falls(54.68%),knife-cutting or sharp weapon hurt(17.25%)and burn/scalds(9.15%),which usually occurred due to carelessness in sports,cutting fruit and working.Most injuries were mild(58.46%).There were 113(21.49%)injured cases with visiting of clinics or emergency department in hospitals for treatment and 207(44.14%)simply dealing with the injury by them selves.There were 63(23.16%)injuried pupils with transient disability and 1.84% of the injured pupils reported an injury in the last year that interfered with their studies,work or other regular dailyactivities for at least 1 month.Conclusion The rate of injury among school children is high.Safe management and education should be strengthened in order to prevent injuries among school children.
2009, 25(8): 928-929. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-17
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Effect of oral lipoic acid administration on blood lipids and antioxidative ability in patients with age-related macular degeneration
JIA Li-hong, YANG Hong-mei, PAN Xing-yue
2009, 25(8): 929-930. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-18
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Objective To study the effect of lipoic acid on blood lipids and antioxidative ability in patients with age-related macular degeneration(AMD)and to offer new methods for AMD prevention and treatment.Methods Thirty-three AMD patients were adminis trated orally with lipoic acid(LA)for three months at dose of 600mg per day,300mg each time in the morning and evening.The serum cholesterol(CHO),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL),low density lipoprotein(LDL),malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were dete rmined before and after the LA intervention.Results The vision was improved in 43% of the patients after LA intervention.There was no significant difference in serum CHO,TG,HLD,LDL and MDA between pre-and post-intervention of LA(P>0.05).The serum MDA level decreased by 5.4%(P>0.05)and serum SOD activity increased by 10.9%(P<0.05)compared with that of pre-intervention of LA.Conclusion LA can increase the SOD activity of AMD patients,which preventes the development of AMD.
2009, 25(8): 931-932. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-19
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Effect of social network on Alzhemer’s disease:a case-control study
WANG Yan, HUANG Wen-yong, YANG Jing-yuan
2009, 25(8): 932-934. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-20
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Objective To explore the effect of social network on Alzhemier's disease(AD)among the elderly.Methods The data were collected from a cross sectional study conducted in a community population of Guiyang city.A case control study was made to analyze the effect of social network on AD.Data analysis was conducted with χ2 test and non-conditional logistic regression.Results After adjusting for age and education,old people who met their children more than once a week had a lower risk of AD(OR=0.26,95%CI=0.07-0.94).Significantly lower risk of AD was existed in the elderly living with others(OR=0.37,95%CI=0.18-0.76).Compared with a poor social network,an extensive social newtork led to the lowest risk of AD among the elderly(OR=0.06,95%CI=0.007-0.60).Conclusion There is a close association between social network and AD.An extensive social network may be heplful to prevent AD.
Learning-related anxiety and its influencing factors among middle school students living in non-traditional families in Shenzhen
ZHOU Li, XU Tian-hong, DONG Guo-ying.
2009, 25(8): 935-936. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-21
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Objective To analyze learning-related anxiety and its influencing factors among children living in non-traditional families in order to provide a basis for the control of the anxiety.Methods A multi-stages tratified cluster sampling survey with a questionnaire entitled "Mental Health Testing"(MHT)was conducted to evaluate the anxiety associated with learning.Results The reported rate of study anxiety among the students was 42.5%(41.9% in boys,43.2%,in girls).The mean scores of anxiety for the students from single-parent,remarriage,fosterage and disable/poor families were 6.93,6.67,7.01,6.61,respectively,with no significant difference between various family types.Anxiety about learning was found to be related positively to negation and overprotection from the father,over-interference and overprotection from the mother,and the som atization of illness symptoms among the parents(OR>1,P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The problem of learning-related anxiety among the students living in non-traditional families was serious,with the manner of bringing-up and somatization of illness symptoms among the parents as the major risk factors.
Assessment on vitamin A, C, E intake and immune function in school-age children
TANG Yong-mei, ZHU Jiao-feng, ZHOU Hui
2009, 25(8): 937-939. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-22
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Objective To study the correlation between the in takes of vitam in A,C,E and the immunization indicators among childeren.Methods The five days diet and one month food in take frequency of 293 primary school children were investigated.Plasm a vitamin,T-lymphocyte subsets and serum IL-2,IgG,IgM,IgA,complement C3 were determined in 262 of the children.Results The children's in takes of vitam in A,C,E have a positive correlation with plasma levels of vitamins.The average intakes of vitam in A,C were lower than recommended in take(RNI)with inadequate rates of 52.62% and 35.59%.The rates of deficiency and marginal deficiency for vitam in A were 11.1% and 29.0%;that of for vitam in C were 15.3% and 21.4%.Although the vitam in E intakes in children was high,there were still 9.92% of the children with the plasma level lower than the normal range.The percen tages of CD3+ cells,the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+,as well as IL-2,IgA were below the reference value.The rates of lowere level CD3+,CD4+,CD4+ /CD8+,IL 22,as well as IgG,IgA,C3 than the refernce value were 29.141%,54.96%,22.14%,37.79%,17.18%,22.25% and 5.73%,respectively.The CD8+,IgM levels higherthan the reference value were observed in 23.66% and 12.60% of the children.The childrenπs intakes of vitam in A had positive relations with IL-2,CD4+,IgG,CD4+ /CD8+,and negative relation with IgM.The in takes of vitam in C had positive correlation with CD3+ CD4+ /CD8+,IgA,negative relation with IgM.The in takes vitam in E had positive relations with IL-2,CD4+,and IgG.Conclusion The children's in takes of vitam in A,C are inadequate.The in takes of vitam in A,C,E have corre lations with levels on immune function.
Safety belt wearing among taxi drivers and passengers in Hefei city
LI Ying-chun, YAN Wen-ting, CHEN Chen
2009, 25(8): 939-940. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-23
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Objective To investigate the situation of safety belt wearing among taxi drivers and passengers in Hefei city of Anhui province.Methods Five observation points were selected on the main roads and minor roads,respectively.Safety belt wearing among taxi drivers and front seat passengers were observed from 7:00 to 19:00 in two days(one working day and one weekend)at each observation point.Fifty vehicle-tmie swith passengers in the front seat were observed during each observation hour,with a total of 12 000 vehicle-times.Results The rates of wearing safety belt properly,improperly,and non wearing of safety belt were 44.2%,3.4%,52.4% for the taxi drivers,respectively;while the rates of wearing safety belt properly,and non wearing of safety belt were 0.5% and 99.5% for the front seat passengers.The rates of wearing safety belt properly for drivers were higher in working days than in weekend,showed an increase-decrease-increase-decrease tendency from 7:00 to 19:00,with peaks at 10:00 to11:00,16:00 to 17:00,and a trough at 13:00.There was no significant difference between the rates on main roads and on minor roads.However,the rate was higher for female drivers than male drivers.Conclusion The rate of wearing safety belt properly was relatively low among taxi drivers and passengers in Hefei city.Monitoring and management of city traffic should be reinforced according to the time variation regularity of safety belt wearing among taxi drivers and it is also very important to take intervention on front seat belt wearing.
2009, 25(8): 941-941. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-24
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Effect of different fluoride and iodine concentration in drinking water on children’s dental fluorosis and thyroid function
BA Yue, REN Li-jun, YIN Gong-ju
2009, 25(8): 942-943. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-25
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Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of fluoride and iodine in drinking water on children's dental fluorosis and thyroid function.Methods According to different concentration of fluoride and iodine in drinking water,four villages in two counties of Henan provine were classified as high fluoride and iodine,high fluoride,high iodine,and control area.Children who were born and grew in the four araeas were chosen for dental fluorosis examination with Deans method.The prevalence rate of the goiter,and the concentrations of FT3,FT4 and TSH in serum were detected with radio-mimunoassay method among the children.Results The prevalence of goiter in children from high fluoride and iodine,high fluoride,high iodine and control areas were 19.2%,12.7%,19.4%,and 8.3%,respectively.There was no significant difference in goiter prevalence among the four groups(P>0.05).The prevalences of dental fluorosis were 49.4% and 46.5% in the children lived in high fluoride and iodine area and high fluoride area,rsepectively.No dental fluorlsis case was found in high iodine and control area.There was no significant difference in the concentration of serum FT3 among the children from the four areas(P<0.05).The content ratios of serum FT4 and TSH in children from high fluoride and iodine area were higher than that of in the children from the other three areas(P<0.05).There were no significant diffeience in serum FT4 between the children from high fluoride area,high iodine area and control area(P>0.05).The concentration of serum TSH of children from high fluoride and iodine area and high iodine area was higher than that of children from high fluoride area and control area.Conclusion High fluoride and iodine increase the prevalence of goiter.High iodine increases thd concentration of FT4.Fluoride can increase the concentration of FT4 under high iodine condition.
2009, 25(8): 944-945. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-26
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Effect of comprehensive intervention on essential hypertension
ZHANG Nan, LIN Li, LU Bo-jun.
2009, 25(8): 945-946. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-27
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Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive intervention on knowledge,attitude,practices(KAP) and blood pressure control amonge ssential hypertension patients.Methods Investigation before and after comprehensive intervention was conducted among 202 subjects with essential hypertension chosen from highr-isk group of chronic disease in Changqing Garden community in Wuhan city.Results After intervention,the KP scores of 202 subjects increased from (13.45±5.46),(18.11±2.82),(21.84±3.70)to(21.0±3.46),(25.09±2.18),(26.25±2.60),respectively,and the average systolic blood pressure of them decreased from(156.60±13.40)mmHg to(135.16±9.84)mmHg,diastolic blood pressure from(97.29±10.21)mmHg to(84.36±8.14)mmHg with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion The comprehensive intervention is an imprortant and effective measure for hypertension control in community.
Influence of family factors on children physical development
QIAN Ying-ying, XU Cui-qing
2009, 25(8): 947-949. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-28
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Objective To obtain information about childrens growth and development in different family background,so as to explore family factors influence on childrens growth and development.Methods By random cluster sampling,54633 preschool children were selected.Their height and weight were measured according to standard measurements and in formation on family backg round were collected.Multivariate analysis was adopted to analyze influence of family factors on childrens growth and development.Results Height for age(HFA)and weight for age(WFA)of children living in urban area were significantly higher than those of living in country side.HFA and WFA of children from different family types were distinctly different.For example,children HFA and WFA of stemfamily were obviously lower than those of nuclear family.And HFA and WFA of the children being fostered mainly by maternal grandm other,grandm other or babysitter were obvious lylower than those fostered mainly by mother or others.HFA and WFA of the children were positively correlated with the education level of their foster(P<0.01).The children with white collar parents had higher HFA and WFA than that of other children(P<0.01).Conclusion Different living surroundings have certain influence on the childrens growth and development.Children sHFA were more affected than WFA by family factors.Government should provide more childcare to those children with main foster of low education level.
Application of colloidal gold method in rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae O1
WU Duo-rong, ZHOU Deng-ren, LI Ming-gang
2009, 25(8): 949-950. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-29
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Objective To understand the specificity,sensitivity and practicality of colloidal gold assay in the detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 group.Methods Stool specimens of patients were incubated in a lkaline peptone water(35℃)for 6 hours.Then the colloidal gold method was used to detect Vibrio cholerae.At the same time conventional culture of Vibrio chole rae was identified with serum agglutination as the golds tandard.The results of two methods were compared.Results Among 700 samples,105 Vibrio cholerae were identified with conventional methol method and 108 identified with collidal gold assay and there was nosignificant difference between the two methods.(χ2=0.24,P>0.05).The sensitivity of colloidal gold method for Vibrio cholerae O1 detetion was 93.33%,with a specificity of 98.32,a positive predictive value of 90.74%,a negative value of 97.18%,a false negative rate of 1.68%,and a false positive rate of 6.67%.Conclusion The colloidal gold method has good specificity and sensiticity and consistency with conventional method in Vibrio cholerae O1 detection.The method is valueable in rapid detection of Vibrio chplerae O1.
Effects of dietary and nutritional status of pregnant women on newborn birthweight in Hubei province
CHEN Bang-hua, MAO Li-mei, SUN Xiu-fa
2009, 25(8): 951-953. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-30
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Objective To determine the effects of maternity dietary and nutrition on newborn bitrthweight in order to make effective intervention strategies and measures.Methods Pregnant women attending predelivery check in four urban and four rural hospitals were randomly selected as subjects of a follow-up study.Anthro pmetric measurements of newborns and pregnant women were taken.Blood samples of pregnant women were obtained for nutritional analyses.All data were an alyzed witht test,Fisher test,correlation analysis,and multivariate regression analysis.Results The mean birthweitht of newborns was 3 392g.The proportion of low birthweight and macrosomia was 3.97% and 13.25%,respecively.Pregnancy less weight gain and serum calcium and lower vitam in A concentration increased the risk of low birthweight of the neaborn.Effects on macrosomia were more pregnancy weight gain and higher BMI before pregnancy.Conclusion Dietary and nutritional status of pregnant women affect new born birthweight.Keeping good BMI before pregmancy,proer pregnancy weight gain attribute to delivery of normalweight newborn.
Survey on status of food nutrition labeling in Harbin
XIA Wei, ZHAO Yan, WU Kun.
2009, 25(8): 953-954. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-31
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Objective To investigate the status of packaged food nutrition labeling in Harbin to provide basis for nutrition labeling education.Methods A survey was carried out for three kinds of comm on packaged foods made in China including biscuits,dairy products and beverages and two types of imported packaged foods including biscuits and beverages.The items involved were basics tatus and nutrition facts on the label.Results Among 240 domestic-made packaged foods,all the obligatoty items were on the label and nutrition labeling rate was 61.25%.Among 58 imported packaged foods,all the obligatory items were in accordance with the national rules and nutrition labeling rate was 63.8%.There existed difference in labeling nutrient types and nutrition labeling rate between domestic-made and imported biscuits(P<0.01).Conclusion Nutrition labeling is still not normative.The surveillance and management for nutrition labeling should be fortified.
2009, 25(8): 955-957. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-32
Abstract(1337) HTML (293) PDF 551KB(144)
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2009, 25(8): 957-957. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-33
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2009, 25(8): 958-958. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-34
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2009, 25(8): 959-959. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-35
Abstract(1123) HTML (209) PDF 135KB(59)
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Status and its determinants of loneliness in empty-nest elderly
WU Zhen-qiang, CUI Guang-hui, ZHANG Xiu-jun
2009, 25(8): 960-962. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-36
Abstract(1257) HTML (243) PDF 465KB(154)
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Objective To describe the loneliness among the elderly in empty-nest family and determine its influencing factor.Methods Four hundred and twelve elderly people aged 60 years or older in empty-nest family were selected with cluste ring method and surveyed with the UCLAL oneliness Scale,the Social Support Rate Scale and the Family APGAR(adaptability,partnership,growth,affection,and decision)index.Results The mean score of lone liness was 42.84(SD=8.76).In univariate analysis,quality of sleep,social support,family functioning,and self evaluated health had significant relationship with the loneliness.The results of stepwise multiple regression found that subjective support,difficult in activities of daily life,family functioning,quality of sleep were the significant predicting variables of lone liness.Conclusion Social spport,family functioning,difficult in activities of daily life and quality of sleep are four important factors effecting feeling of lone liness in the empty-nest elderly
Prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension in elderly rural residents of Anhui province
WEI Hong-chun, ZHANG Wan-jun, ZAN Pei-xia
2009, 25(8): 962-964. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-37
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Objective To explore the prevalence of hypertension and its related factors in eldery residents in rural area of Anhui province and to provide policy implications for aging health.Methods Health examination and self-designed questionnaire survey were conducted in 751 rural residents aged 60 or above.Multiva riate logistic regression analysis was performed.Results The prevalence of hype rtension in rural elderly residents was 54.1%.Age,lifestyles such as high sugar-intake,high salt-intake,low vegetable-intake,BMI,ventro-obesity were influencing factors of hypertention among the residents(χ2=12.968,4.349,6.398,15.223,26.106,14.591).Multiva riable analysis showed that the prevalence of hypertension was strongly associated with BMI,age,the amount of vegetable in take daily,preserved foods,ventro-obesity.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in elderly residents of rural area is relatively high and associated with a lot of factors.The health education on healthy behavior and living habit would be help ful for hype rtention control in the residents.
Nutrition status and its influential factors among rural elderly population
CUI Guang-hui, WU Zhen-qiang, SUN Liang
2009, 25(8): 965-967. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-38
Abstract(1400) HTML (221) PDF 572KB(72)
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Objective To explore the nutrition status and its influential factors among rural elderly population.Methods In two villages of Anhui province,villagers aged 60 years and over were selected.The subjects were investigated with Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist(NSIC)and the self-designed health information questionnaire.Results The average score of NSIC was 6 1.94±4.139.The rates of good,moderate nutritional risk and high nutritional risk were 21.2%,27.0% and 51.8%,respectively.The score of NSIC was significantly correlated with that of nutrition status(Spearman correlation r=0.359,P<0.0001).Ordinal regression analysis indicated that older age(OR=0.71),difficult in activities of daily living(OR=0.30),attending amusement(OR=0.81),good sleeping(OR=0.55),pocketbook from their own or their spouses(OR=0.79),well social support(OR=0.97)were protective factors.Better education(OR=1.48),child' migration for working(OR=1.51),loneliness(OR=1.04)were risk factors.Conclusion Nutrition status among rural elderly population is not good and affected by several factors.Health education and balance nutrition guidance should be streng thened.
Detection of DNA site damage in κ-ras gene induced by BaP
GAO Xu-fang, CHEN Jun, LI Ming-chuan
2009, 25(8): 967-968. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-39
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Objective To explore the DNA damage in κ-ras gene caused by BaP at the level of nucleic acid.Methods The TK6 cellwas treated with BaP(benzo[a]pyrene),then its genomic DNA was amplified by RDPCR and detected by southern blot with the single-stranded probes of the exon 2 of κ-ras gene.The PCR products were sequenced.Results A clear BaP-induced hybridized band shorter than the exon 2 of κ-ras gene was observed.The sequencing analysis showed that the band was linked by the linker with 67 th base C of the exon 2 of κ-ras.Conclusion It is proved that Bap causes damage in the exon 2 of κ-ras gene,which is located in the 66th base T and maybe be the crucial cancerogenesis target of BaP.
Analysis of housebound status and psychologic factor in elderly
DONG Sheng-lian, LIU Hai-juan XING Feng-mei
2009, 25(8): 969-970. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-40
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Objective To understand the status of housebound and its psychologic factor in community elderly of Tangshan.Methods Five communities were selected at random with clustered sampling from Tangshan city.The standard questionnaire was used to get information from senior citizen aged over 60.The criterion of housebound was the frequency of daily activity out of home equal or less than one tmie a week.At the same tmie,the psychologic status of the elder was in vestigated.Results The incidence of housebound was 18.78%.There was a significant statistic difference between different age groups(P<0.01).The incidence of housebound increased along with the age increaseing and was higher in widowed than in coupled people and higher in female than in male.The incidence showed a difference between different occupations and was lower in cadre senior citizen.The incidence of housebound was affected by psychologic status of the elders and was higher in those with self evaluation as uhhea lthiness,loneliness and depression.Conclusion The incidence of housebound in elders is high.It is necessary to take action to intervene and control the housebound among elders.
2009, 25(8): 970-971. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-41
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2009, 25(8): 972-973. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-42
Abstract(1384) HTML (237) PDF 358KB(117)
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Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell on diabetes in rats
YANG Bai-liang, GUO Li, REN Shu-ping
2009, 25(8): 973-974. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-43
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Objective To study the induction of mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)into islet-like cells and its therapeutic effect on diabetes in rats.Methods MSCs were cultured,exp nded in vitro and induced into islet-like cells in high glucose DMEM media with factors like bFGF,EGF.The induced cells were identified by dithizon staining.Differentiated islet-like cells were transplanted into Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus prepared by STZ and the treatment effect was obse rved.Results After the MSCs were induced in vitro,their forms changed from long spindle-shape to polygon or round and attached into islet-like cell.Most of induced cells showed bright red color in dithizon staining.After the differentiated islet-like cells were transplanted into diabetes-model rats for1 week,the syndrome of polydipsia and polyuria was decreased.Ten days later,the blood glucose valuedec reased(14.604±3.326mmol/L)but was not significantly different from that of in control group(22.256±4.051 mmol/L,P>0.05).The urine glucose value decreased(8.50±0.25g/L)and was significantly different from that of control group(20 100±0.18g/L,P<0.05).Conclusion Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could beinduced into islet-like cells,and the blood and urine glucose values were decreased after the differentiated cells were transp lanted into the diabetes-model rats.
Comparison of blood and urinary cadmium as sensitive indicators in pre-stage renal injury
ZHAO Huan-hu, WANG Qi, CHEN Jian-wei
2009, 25(8): 975-976. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-44
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Objective To find better indicator of pre-stage renal injury in cadmium exposed population around a factory in Huangshi city.Methods Blood and urine samples from 649 participators were collected,and areas under the curves of blood and urine cadmium were calculated with SPSS softwaer.Then with standardized partial regression,coefficients of logistic regression model were used for judement of the indicators.Results Among 649 samples,area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of blood cadmium(0.569)was not as large as that of urinary cadmium(0.725).And urine cadmium!s standardized partial regression coefficient(0.5036)was 23.75 times higher that that of blood cadmium's (-0.0212)in logistic regression model.Conclusion Urine cadmiumis superior to blood cadmium in reflecting cadmiuminduced renal dysfunction.
Effects of multinutrients supplementation on body weight and serum lipids in rats
ZHAO Sheng-li, KANG Zhen, LI Ying
2009, 25(8): 977-978. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-45
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Objective To explore the effects of multinutrient on body weight and serum lipids in diet-induced obese and hyperlipemia rats.Methods Multinutrients were administered to high calorie diet-induced obese and hyperlipidemia rats,which were randomly divided into three dose groups and a base model group.The obesity status were determined,the levels of serum lipids were assessed by enzymatic method.Results Compared with the obese group,there were significant decreases in body-weight,fatmass and food utilization ratio in multinutr-ients-treated groups(P<0.05).The rats in the three multinutrients dose group did not show significant difference in food intake(P>0.05).Compared with hyperlip idemia group,the levels of triglyceride,total cholesterol and low density lipoprote in cholesterol were significantly decreased in the multinutrients-treated groups(P<0.05),and the serum concentration of high density lipoprote in choleste rol was remarkably increased in the multinutrients-treated groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Multinutrients are effective for decreasing body weight in obese rats and improving the serum lipids in hyper lipidemia rats.
HSP70 subtypes expression in human embryonic lung fibroblasts induced by supernatants of alveolar macrophage exposed to silica
ZHANG Hai-ying, YANG Li, LIANG Yi-huai
2009, 25(8): 979-981. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-46
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Objective To observe the expression of HSP70-1,H SP70-2,HSP70-hom in human embryonic lung fibroblasts(HELF)induced by supernatants of alveolarm acrophage(AMs)exposed to silica.Methods AMs and HELF of rats were formed invitro model.The HSP70-1,HSP70-2,HSP70-hom mRNA levels of H ELF stmiulated by supernatants of AMs exposed to silica were detected by RT-PCR technology.Results Expression of HSP70-1,HSP70-2,HSP70-hom could be induced by dust-exposed AMs and there was a clear dose-effectrelationship between HSP70-1,HSP70-2,HSP70-hom mRNA levels and silica concentration with the correlation coefficients of 0 .931(P<0. 01),0. 923(P<0 .01),0. 818 (P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion HSP70-1,HSP70-2,HSP70-hom may play an antioxidant role in the process of oxidative stress induced by silica.
Survey on quality of life of elder living in Li ethnic regions of Hainan province
LIU Yu-mei, WU Ling, WANG Ji-hong
2009, 25(8): 981-982. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-47
Abstract(993) HTML (150) PDF 374KB(129)
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Objective To study the quality of life and its influence factors in the elderly linving in Liethnic regions of Hainan province.Methods Overall 2 208 elders aged over 60 were randomly selected with multi-stage sampling in five Liethnic regions of Hainan.SF-36 quality of life questionnaire was adm inistrated in the elders.Multivariate analysis of variance,Chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used in the analysis.Results The prevalence of chronic diseases in the subjects was 53.35%(47.43% in male and 59.33% in female).The scores of PF,RP,BP,GH,VT and MH dimensionality were all significantly higher in urbane lders than those of rural elders(P<0.0001).But there was no signifi-cant diference in scores of SF and RE dimensiona lities between the two groups(P>0.005).Results of multiple linear regression showed that factors influencing the quality of life of the elders included the history of chronic disease,physicalexercise,living status of their children,age,income per capita.The quality of life of the elders with history of chronic disease was significantly lower than those without history of chronic disease.The scores decreased with age in all dimensions.Higher scores were observed in the elders with more physical exercise,with children under better living status and higher income per capita.Conclusion The quality of life of the urban elders living in Liethnic regions of Hainan province is better than that of elders in rural area.The major determinants of quality of life for the elders are physical exercise,history of chromic disease,living status of their children.
Effects and significance of manganese on expression of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 in spermatogenic cells of rats
CAI Xiu-lian, GUO Hai, WANG Guo-xiu
2009, 25(8): 983-985. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-48
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Objective To study the effects and significance of manganese on the expression of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 in sperm atogenic cells of malerats.Methods Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided in to 6 groups(2 blank control groups,2,15mg/kg MnCl2,and 30mg/kg MnCl2 groups)and were exposed to manganese(MnCl2H2O)by I.P.for 4 and 6 weeks,respectively and blank control group was in jected with NS.All rats were injected once everyday,five tmies per week.In the 4 th and 6th weekend,their testis were collected for examination.The expression of Caspase 3 and Ki 67 intestis were determined by immunoh istochemical methods(SABC).Results Compared with blank control group,the Caspase-3-positive cell rate in all exposure groups were increased significantly(P<0.01).Among manganese exposure groups of same dose,the Caspase-3 positive cell rate of 6wks exposure groups was increased significantly than those in 4wks exposure groups(P<0.01).Among exposure groups of same tmie,the Caspase-3 positive cell rate of 30mg/kg MnCl2 group was increased significantly than those of 15mg/kg MnCl2 group(P<0.01).Compared with blank control group,the Ki 67 positive cell rate in 15mg/kg MnCl2 4wks group was decrea sed(P<0.05),those of 15mg/kg MnCl2-6wks group,30mg/kg MnCl2 4wks group and 30mg/kg MnCl2 6wks group were much lower(P<0.01).Among exposure groups of same dose,the Ki-67 positive cell rate of 15mg/kg MnCl2-6wks group was decreased significantly compared with that of 15mg/kg MnCl2 4wks group(P<0.01).Among exposure groups of same tmie,the Ki-67 positive cell rate of cells in 30mg/kg MnCl2 group was decreased significantly than that of 15mg/kg MnCl2 group(P<0.01).There existed a negative correlation between Caspase-3 positive cell rate and Ki-67 positive rate(r=-0.798,P<0.01).Conclusion 15mg/kg MnCl2 exposure for 4wks could promote the expression of Caspase-3 and inhibit the expression of Ki-67 in ratsperma to genic cells with dose effect and tmie effect relation ship.Itmay be an important mechanism of spermatogenic dy sfuction
2009, 25(8): 985-986. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-49
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Effect of folic acid, VB6 and VB12 on expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in cultured endothelial cells in vitro
XIANG Jian-jun, XU Rong-xian, FAN Yan-feng
2009, 25(8): 987-988. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-50
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Objective To observe whether folic acid(FA),VB 6 and VB 12 have effects of inhibiting vascular cell ahesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)expression in cultured endothlial cells in vitro.Methods Cultured rat aortic endothelial cells were inoculated in vitro and divided into five groups:control group,1 mmol/L homocysteine(Hcy)group,inhibiting group Ⅰ(1 mmol/L Hcy+5μmol/L FA),inhibiting groupⅡ(1 mmol/L Hcy+5μmol/L FA+5 nmol/L VB12),inhibiting groupⅢ(1 mmol/LHcy+5μmol/L FA+0.1μmol/L VB 6+5nmol/LVB12).The expression of VCAM-1 mRNA in rat aortic endo the lial cella induced by 1 mmol/L Hcy for 6 hours was assayed by RT-PCR.Results The expression level of NF-κB protein and VCAM-1 mRNA was up-regulated in the cultured rat aortic endothelial cells induced by 1.0 mmol/L Hcy for 6hr and 24hr respectively,and the rate of endo the liocyte-monocyte adhesion increased significantly.The effects induced by Hcy could be inhibited significantly by FA,VB6 and VB 12,and the inhibitory effects adding FA,VB 6 and VB 12 toge ther were better than other treatments.Conclusion FA,VB 6 and VB 12 may alleviate the injuries induced by Hcy in cultured endothelial cells in vitro through inhibiting the expression of NF-κB protein and VCAM 21 mRNA and decreasing the rate of endotheliocyte-monocyte adhesion.
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on Bax and Bcl-2 expression in spermatogenic cells of rats
SUN Xiao-fang, DUAN Fei, KOU Su-ru
2009, 25(8): 989-990. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-51
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Objective To study the effect of extremely low frequency electrom agnetic fields on Bax and Bcl-2 expression in the spermatogenic cells of rats.Methods Sixty adult female Wistar rats were divided into 0.1 m T,12.8 m T and control group.After electrom agnetic radiation for 2 and 12 weeks,HE staining and immunohistochemical methods were used to detected Bax and Bcl-2 expression with image analysis.Results After electrom agnetic exposure for 2 week,the gray scale values of Bax were 25.58±4.98 and 39.17±4.33 for low and high intensity groups and that of Bcl-2 were 68.12±3.64 and 39.62±4.35.The gray scale values of Bax were 40.12±2.45 and 62.32±5.90 for low and high intensity groups for 12 weeks exposure and that of Bcl-2 were 55.7±2.43 and 23.84±3.62.Conclusion With the increase of exposure intensity and time,the Bax and Bcl-2 exprseeion in sperm atogenic cells in rats were gradually decreased.
2009, 25(8): 990-991. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-52
Abstract(948) HTML (260) PDF 465KB(84)
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Effect of nerve growth factor on guinea pig with hearing loss induced by noise
WU Ping, WANG Li, Wang Hai-tao
2009, 25(8): 992-993. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-53
Abstract(784) HTML (151) PDF 327KB(114)
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Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor(NGF)in guinea pig with hearing loss caused by noise.Methods Forty-eightmale guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups:control group,hearing impairment model group,acupuncture point injection group,and intraperitoneal injection group.Except for the control group,the rest groups were exposed to 100dB white noise for a whole week.The acupuncture point-injection group and the in traperitoneal injection group were injected with NGF into their acupuncture points and abdominal cavities separately.In the hearing impairment model groups,physiological saline was injected and the control group was with noinjection.The injections were once of each two-day for 4 weeks.Distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE)was applied to observe the amplitude value before and after the noise exposure and the injections.Results The amplitude and signal to noise of DPOAE in hearing impairment model group were lower than that of the other groups obviously.The treamtent effects of the acupuncture point injection group was better than the in traperitoneal injection group,and the amplitude and signal-to-noiseratio of the acupuncture point injection group was significantly different after the treamtent(P<0.01).Conclusion NGF point injection is a newe ffective approach for the treatment of hearing impairment caused by noise.
Determination of total tin in seafood from coast of Guangdong province by GFAAS
JIANG Jie, QIU Hong-mei, ZHANG Hui-min
2009, 25(8): 994-995. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-54
Abstract(756) HTML (151) PDF 432KB(126)
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Objective To establish a method for detection of total tin inseafood by GFAAS.Methods The seafood samples were collected from 17 sea areas and some seafood markets in Guangdong province.The samples were digested by HNO3 in high-pressure closed-vessel,then the solution was analyzed by GFAAS with PdCl2-NH4H2PO3 as matrix modifier.Results The ashy temperature and sensitivity could be well increased by PdCl2-NH4H2PO3 as matrix modifier.The calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 0-40μg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.998.The detection limit was 8.5 ng/g wetweight and the recoveries were between 95.2%-107.6%.The precision ranged from 3.9%to 7.1%.The content of total tin ranged from 27.4 to 687.3ng/g wetweight for 58 samples tested.The average concentration was 135.1ng/g wetweight and the content of total tin in different seafood showed significant difference.Conclusion The method is good in sensitivity,precision and accuracy.The results indicate that the seafood was possibly polluted by tin compound in different levels around the coast of Guangdong province.
2009, 25(8): 996-997. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-55
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2009, 25(8): 997-998. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-56
Abstract(872) HTML (134) PDF 504KB(110)
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Average medical expenditure and its influencing factors in rural residents of Beijing suburbs
QU Wei, FAN Hai-tao, GAO Li-min
2009, 25(8): 999-1000. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-57
Abstract(1417) HTML (206) PDF 192KB(131)
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Objective To analyze medical expenditure and its influecing factors in rural residents of Beijing suburbs in 2008 for policy making of medical service deparmtents.Methods Information was obtained by questionnaire which was collected from rural residents in Beijing suburbs.Results Two week prevalence rate of all diseases was 183.3‰ and two-week hospital visitrate was 112.2‰ with an annual medical expenses of 798.01 Yuan RMB per resident.The survey revealed that the annualmedical expensesper resident was impacted by many factors such as income,education level,medical security,structure of a family.Conclusion The medical condition of rural resident in Beijing suburbs has been improved greatly.However,the medical burden is still heavy.In general,the New Rural Cooperative Medical System is welcomed by residents.Health service in rural area should be strengthened.
HBV infection and serum fluoride among healthy population in Bijie, Guizhou
WANG Chan-juan, SHAN Ke-ren, LIU Yan-jie
2009, 25(8): 1001-1002. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-58
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of HBV infection and serum fluoride among healthy people in Bijie.Methods Serum fluoride and HBV serum markers were tested in 532 people.Results An overa llHBV infection prevalence of 75.75% was found with prevalences of 68.78% in people of high serum fluoride and 65.73% in people of normal serum fluoride.There was no significant difference in prevalence rate between the males and females(P>0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of HBV infection in Bijie is higher than that in healthy population of Libo and Weining in Guizhou.
Prevalence of measles in Hami region in 2008
CAO Zhi-xin, ZHANG Tian-qing
2009, 25(8): 1002-1003. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-59
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Objective To analyze the prevalence and immunization level of measles in the general population and explore the controlling strategy of measles epidemic in Hami region.Methods The epidemiological characteristics was analyzed based on the incidence data of measles in Hami region in 2008.Results The outbreak coexisting with a highly sporadic measles epidemic presented in Hami region in 2008.A total of 440 cases of measles were reported with an incidence rate of 96.22/100 000.The measles cases were mainly adults over the age of 19 and infants under the age of 4.Among the reported cases,374 cases were elder than required month age for attenuated live measles vaccine(≥8 months);72 (19.25%)had mimunization history and 151(40.37%)had no immunization history.Conclusion Infants with deficient antibody from mother and adults with low antibody level are the susceptible population of measles.
Analysis on HIV/AIDS cases among immigrant women in Shandong province
FU Ji-hua, LIU Xue-zhen
2009, 25(8): 1004-1005. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-60
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Objective To understand the status and influence of HIV/AIDS cases among immigrant women in Shandong province and provide a scientific basis for controlling the transm ission of HIV/AIDS.Methods Epidemiology investigation and active follow-up were conducted among immigrant women from 2003 to 2006.Statistical analysis of data was performed with SPSS 11.5.Results By the end of June 2006,312 HIV/AIDS cases were found among the immigrant women,which accounted for 24.4% of all cases and 56.8% of female cases in the province.There were 56 cases who transmitted HIV to their spouse through sexual intercourse,11 cases were mother to child transmission.Conclusion HIV/AIDS is still on the rise among immigrant women and there is the second generation of HIV transmission.The HIV/AIDS cases among immigrant women affect the HIV/AIDS epidemic situation in Shandong province.
Antitumor effect of crude polysaccharides components from water-caltrop
NIU Feng-lan, DONG Qing, GONG Hong-wei
2009, 25(8): 1005-1006. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-61
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Objective To extract the crude polysaccha rides from water-caltrop and to study their antitum or effect in vitro.Methods Ethanol fractionation method was used to separate crude polysaccharides from water-caltrop.MTT method was used to evaluate the antitum or effect of crude polysaccha rides in vitro.Flow cytome try method was used to detect the apoptosis of U251 cells induced by the crude polysaccha ride.Results Three kinds of polysaccha ride compounds were obtained from the water-caltrop.The results of MTT assay showed that different concentration(7.81,15.63,31.25,62.50 and 125.00μg/mL)of the crude polysaccha rides could significantly inhibit the prolife ration of Hela and U251 cells in a dosedependent manner and induce the cell apoptosis.The number of two kind cells gradually decreased with the increasing of concentration of the crude polysaccha rides.Conclusion The results proved that crude polysaccharide could inhibit the Hela and U251 cells proliferation and induce U251 cell apoptosis.
Epidemiological analysis and nosocomial infection management of hand-foot-mouth disease
WU Ping, XIAN Jian-mei.
2009, 25(8): 1007-1008. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-62
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Objective To investigate prevalent chanacteristics of hand food mouth disease(HFMD)and the effect of no socomial infection(NI)management on the epidemic of HFM D.Methods Epidemiological investigation on 132 HFMD cases was conducted from May to July,2008,and the data of measures on NI prevention and control was collected and analyzed.Results The major pathogen of the epidemic was EV 71.The cases were mainly children under three years(68.2%) with mild symptoms and even gender distribution(65 males and 67 female cases).All 132 cases had skin rash and 2 cases had brainstem encephalitis with a total fatality rate of 0.76%.There was only one NI case occured,ad the NI rate was sign ificantly lower than that of in other hospitals during the same period.Conclusion The HFMD could be effectively prevented with strict NI prevention measures.
Effective analysis of malaria diagnosis and treatment intervention for ethnic minorities in remote mountainous areas
XU Jian-wei, WU Xian-hua, WEI Chun
2009, 25(8): 1008-1009. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-63
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Objective To explore strategies of improving malaria diagnosis and treamtent accessibility for ethnicminorities in remote mountainous areas.Methods Malaria diagnosis and treamtent were given freely.Local village malaria control workers from the same ethnic group were trained to prepare blood smears of febrile patients,send anti-mlarial durgs,monitor treamtent forma lariapatients,and deliver facetoface health education by visiting their fellow villagers house by house.Results Village health worker resident ratios changed from 1:1116.75 prior intervention to 1:248.17 post in tervention.Proportions of febrile patients seeking treatment with in 24 hours of fever onset,of using public health facilities among febrile patients and of villagers who were satisfied with malarial control service increased from baseline 23.03(95%CI=18.81-27.71),56.94%(95%CI=52.55-61.25),and 82.65%(95%CI=81.23-86.31)to 86.96%(95%CI=68.47-96.57),91.30%(95%CI=74.13-98.51),and 96.81%(95%CI=93.08-98.82)after the intervention.Conclusion Improved accessibility of malaria diagnosis and treatment in economics,commute,information and attitud declined malaria incidence and prevalence with other measure together.
Dwellers’ health care consciousness and community nursing demand in suburb of Jiujiang city
LIAO Xiao-chun
2009, 25(8): 1010-1011. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-64
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Objective To study the dwellers' health care consciousness and community nursing demand in suburb of Jiujiang city.Methods Dwellers from two different villages were interviewed at their home with questionnaires during March to May of 2008.Results The dwellers were deficient in health care consciousness.There were five most urgent needs of community nursing programs:simple hand ling of the comm on diseases(87.2%),first aid in community(86.6%); community health education(86.2%),chronic illness nursing for old peop le(83.1%)and basic nursing at home (80.0%).Conclusion The dwellersπhealth care consciousness ought to be improved.Dwellersπdem and of community nursing is enormous.Suburb commuity nursing ought to be streng thened according to district's characteristic.
Quality of medical services of New Rural Cooperative Medical Care designated medical institutions in southeast Hubei
YU Jin, CHEN Wei-jin, HU Hong-yan
2009, 25(8): 1011-1012. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-65
Abstract(1061) HTML (186) PDF 912KB(79)
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Objective To investiga ted the quality of medical services of the New Rural Cooperative Medicl Care designated medical in stitutions in Hube iprovince and to provide scientific basis of for the construction of the medical institutions.Methods Six hundred and seventeen peasants were selected from one city and three counties of Hubei province and the author-designed questionnaires on appraisal of service quality of the designated medical in stitutions of New Rural Cooperative Medical Care were filled out with face-to-face investigation.SPSS 11.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results The overall satisfactory rate of the participants for medical service quality was very low,with arate 36.72% and for county level ho spitals,20.78% for town ship hospitals,respectively.There were statistical differences in appraisal of medical technical level,degree of convenience,credibility of doctors and the degree of medicine supply between county-level hospitals and township hospitals.Conclusion The overall satisfactory rate of medical service quality is very low in the peasants for the New Rural Cooperative Medical Care designated medical institutions in Hubei province.
Syndromic surveillance and prediction of influenza in Zhuhai, 2006-2008
HUANG Li-qun, TAN Ai-jun, ZHANG Li-rong
2009, 25(8): 1013-1015. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-66
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Objective To analyze and predict the trend of prevalence and predom inantstrains of influenza viruses and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza in Zhuhai.Methods Epidemiological surveillance was performed by 28 sentinels.Influenza-like illness(ILI)cases of out-patient were reported weekly.Influenza viruses were isolated from nasopharynx specimens collected by doctors from ILI cases in sentinel hospitals.The information of outbreaks collected through influenza surveillance network and daily surveillance was used to predict the tendency of ILI % in 2009 with autoregressive integrated moving average model(ARIMA).Results Influenza virus prevalence exhibited seasonal bimodal pattern,with one peak in March to April and another in Jun to July.The weekly percentage of out-patient visitors for ILI(ILI%)ranged from 1.5% to 10.1% during 2006 22008,and the average was 4.1%.Children under five years of age were the main part(50.3%)of ILI.There were 3,216 specimens tested for influenza viruses and 321(10.0%)were positive.Of the positive specimens,230(71.7%)were influenza Avirus,and 91(28.3%)were influenza Bvirus.The influenza A(H1N1)virus and influenza A(H3N2)virus circulated simultaneously in 2006,influenza A(H3N2)virus predominated circulation in 2007,and influenza A(H1N1)viruses and influenza A(H3N2)virus circulated simultaneously in 2008.Outbreaks of influenza occured mostly in March to June.Conclusion Influenza prevalence showed two peaks distributed in spring and early summer in Zhuhai.ILI precedeed the oscillations of laboratory surveillance by about four weeks.The construction of subtypes trains usually take turns to be the annually outs tanding subtype.The curve predicts that the epidemic tendency of seasonal influenza in 2009 will be stable.
2009, 25(8): 1015-1016. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-67
Abstract(1083) HTML (191) PDF 322KB(132)
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2009, 25(8): 1017-1018. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-68
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Reationship between high risk sexual behavior and alcohol dependence in coal miners
YU Chen, SUN Ye-huan, SUN Liang
2009, 25(8): 1018-1019. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-69
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Objective To explore the association of alcohol dependence and high risk sexual behavior among coal miners.Methods With cluster sampling,1180 coal miners were surveyed with questionnaire about alcohol dependence (MAST)and high risk sexual belavior in two mines of Huainan in Anhui province.Results The prevalence of a lcohol drinking was 85.51% in miners and the prevalence of alcohol dependence was 94.1% in the drinking miners.With increasing aggravation of alcohol dependence status,the incidence rate of sexual intercourse outside marriage raised(OR=1.55,χtrend2=35.02,P=0.00)while the incidence rate of using condom in sexual intercourse outside marriage decreased(OR=1.801,χtrend2=8.45,P=0.00).Conclusion Improving alcohol dependence status may be an effective way to prevent high risk sexual behavior for prevention of sexually transm itted disease among coal miners.
2009, 25(8): 1020-1020. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-70
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2009, 25(8): 1021-1023. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-71
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Subtype distribution of HIV-1 among different people infected
LIU Li-hua, YANG Li-hua, ZHAO Xin-rong
2009, 25(8): 1023-1024. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-08-72
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Objective To investigate the subtypes and distribution characteristics of HIV1 among different populations infected.Methods HIV1 proviral DNA was extracted from the whole blood of 148 HIV1 infected indi iduals.The HIV-1env C2-V3 gene region was amplified by nested PCR and was sequenced.The sequence was compared with HIV-1 subtype reference sequence.Results There were 8 kinds of HIV-1 subtypes in 148 samples.In the subjects,45 case swere Bsubtype;37 were CRF07 BC;35 were B';25 were CRF01-AE;2 cases were C and CRF02-AG;1case was CRF03-AB and CRF02-AG.Conclusion HIV-1 subtypes in the blood donors and blood recipients and in drug users were not very different.Sexually transmitted HIV-1 subtype was distributed widely.