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2011 Vol. 27, No. 7

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Influence of social support on incidence of MCI and its subtypes among the elderly
CAI Yi-yuan, HUANG Wen-yong, YANG Jing-yuan
2011, 27(7): 817-819. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-01
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Objective To investigate the influence of social support on the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes among the elderly in communities of Guiyang city.Methods A total of 2 159 persons aged 60 years or older with normal cognitive function were followed-up and surveyed with questionnaires and scales in Guiyang city.The study analyzed the influence of social support on the incidence of MCI and its subtypes by Cox regression model.Results Objective support was a protective factor for MCI(relative risk[RR]=0.424,95% confidence interval[CI]:0.220-0.819) and amnestic MCI(RR=0.366,95% CI:0.174-0.767).With economic support source≥2,the incidence of amnestic MCI(icidence density[ID]=12.29/1 000 person years) was higher than that of nonamnestic MCI (ID=3.35/1 000 person years).Economic support from the spouse reduced the risk of amnestic MCI's incidence(RR=0.253,95% CI:0.106-0.601).Other social support had no influence on the incidence of MCI subtypes(P> 0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that social support is helpful to decrease MCI incidence.The determinants of nonamnestic MCI are different from tha of MCI and amnestic MCI.It is necessary to study the feature of MCI subtypes for developing preventive strategies.
Risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle and elder age rural residents
WANG Shuai, YUE Ren-song, GONG Guang-ming
2011, 27(7): 819-820. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-02
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Objective To explore the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) among middle and elder age rural residents.Methods From 4 villages of Sichuan province,66 diagnosed T2DM cases aged 40 years or older and 132 healthy residents of same gender and age were randomly selected for the 1:2 matched case-control study.The subjects were measured for height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure,and blood glucose.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors of T2DM.Results The central obesity (odds ratio[OR]=8.477,95% confidence interval[CI]:3.214-22.355),family history of diabetes mellitus(OR=12.886,95% CI:4.885-33.885),and hypertension (OR=8.563,95%CI:4.134-17.741) were major risk factors for T2DM.Conclusion T2DM is an important public health problem among middle and elder age rural residents and effective measures should be taken to prevent the disease.
Life satisfaction and its determinants in empty-nest elderly
WU Zhen-qiang, GUO Zu-peng, LI Ming-zhu
2011, 27(7): 821-823. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-03
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Objective To describe the life satisfaction among the elderly in empty-nest family in rural village and to examine its influencing factors.Methods With cluster sampling method,a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2 212 old people ≥60 years (412 elderly in empty-nest family) from one rural village and one urban commumity using standardized health-related quality of life (QOL) questionnaire and a socio-demographic information form.Results The unsatisfactory rate for life among the empty-nest elderly was 43.7% and that of non-empty-nest elderly was 32.9% with significant difference.The life satisfaction among the empty-nest elderly was related to age,residential place,and entertainment.The results of binary variable analyses indicated that nutrition,subjective availability of social support,loneliness,filial piety,and income were determinants of life satisfaction.Conclusion The unsatisfactory rate for life are high among the empty-nest elderly in Shanghai city.Society and family members should pay more attention to the empty-nest elderly.
Relationship between body mass index and blood lipid among middle-aged and elder persons in Chengdu city
ZHENG Qing-kun, HUANG Xiao-bo, ZENG Wei
2011, 27(7): 823-824. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-04
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Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index(BMI) and the levels of blood lipid and lipid metabolic disorder among middle-aged and elder people.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used and 5 175 persons aged 40-79 years in Chengdu city were selected for a questionnaire survey and measurements of height,weight,and blood lipid.Results The prevalence of obesity was 11.03% (8.66% for male and 12.6% for female) and that of overw eight was 35.07% (35.70 for male and 34.70% for female) among the people.With the increase of BMI,triglyceride(TG) levels in the older aged groups showed an increase trend and high-density lipoprotein-cholesteral(HDL-C) levels show ed an obvious decrease.With BMI increase,the middle-aged male show ed a trend of high TG hyperlipidemia.The female show ed a increase trend of high TG hyperlipidemia,high total cholesterol(TC),and low HDL-C with the increase of BMI.Conclusion BMI is closely corelated with the incidences of high TG,high TC,low HDL-C among middle-aged and elder persons.
Healthy life expectancy and its influencing factors among the elderly in Zhengzhou city
SUN Xi-wang, ZHAO Chao, LI Lin-lin
2011, 27(7): 825-827. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-05
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Objective To know the state and the influencing factors of healthy life expectancy among the residents aged 65 years or above in Zhengzhou city and to provide scientific basis for health services in the elderly.Methods With cluster sampling,activity of daily life(ADL) scale and a self-designed questionnaire were used to investigate the elderly aged 65 years or above from seven communities and eleven rest homes(2 622 people).Results The healthy life expectancy of the people aged 65 to 69 years was 11.31 years(11.10 years for male,11.46 years for female).The ratio between healthy life expectancy and life expectancy of men aged 65 years or above was higher than that of women(t=6.47,P< 0.01).Age,hearing impairment or visual disturbance,cardio-cerebrovascular disease,diabetes,and senile dementia were the risk factors of healthy life expectancy.Whereas,good education,physical exercise,and having spouse were the protective factors of healthy life expectancy.Conclusion Life quality of men aged 65 years or above is higher than that of women,but life expectancy of men is less than that of women in Zhengzhou city.Age,education,physical exercise,spouse,and chronic diseases can influence healthy life expectancy of the elderly.
Prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and its influencial factors among elderly people in communities
WANG Yan-ping, ZHAI Jing-bo, ZHU Fang
2011, 27(7): 827-828. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-06
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Objective To explore the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and its influencing factors among community elderly people in Taiyuan city.Methods Totally 5 946 elderly people from nine communities in Taiyuan cityere selectedith cluster-sampling.The demography data and history of chronic diseaseere collectedith face-to-face interview or telephone survey.The χ2 test and logistic regressionere adopted in the analyses.Results Of the elderly,290 had ADith a prevalence of 4.86%.The results of logistic regression revealed that the elder age(odds ratio[OR]=1.96,95% confidence interval[CI]:1.70-2.28),hypertension(OR=1.86,95% CI:1.41-2.46),hyperglycemia(OR=2.66,95% CI:1.60-4.42),and diabetes(OR=2.78,95% CI:2.02-3.82)ere the risk factors of AD.Higher education (OR=0.75,95% CI:0.46-0.72),intellectualork(OR=0.50,95% CI:0.33-0.76),and married (OR=0.75,95% CI:0.750.99)ere the protective facors of AD.Conclusion The elder age,hypertension,hypertglycemia,diabetes,low er education,living alone,and manualorker are the risk factors for the incident of Alzheimer's disease.
Fall and its influential factors among older people living in urban communities in Jiading district of Shanghai
ZHANG Yu-long, ZHOU Feng, ZHANG Yi-ying
2011, 27(7): 829-830. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-07
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Objective To explore the factors related to fall in older people living in urban communities and to provide evidence for developing prevention program.Methods A cross-sectional studyas conducted in four communities of Jiading district,Shanghai.Persons over 55 years oldere selectedith multistage random-cluster sampling.Data on fallsithin previous 12 months and fall-related risk factorsere collected through a face-to-face interview.Results The overall incidence of fallas 7.12% ithin one year among the 1 672 interview ees.Results from multivariate logistic regression analyses show ed that risk factors for fall included female (odds ratio (OR)=2.150,95% confidence interval (CI):1.3523.420),age from 75 to 80 years(OR=2.032,95% CI:1.245-3.314),antihypertensive drug use(OR=2.107,95% CI:1.0684.158),taking exercise everyday(OR=1.273,95% CI:1.057-1.535),clumsy gait(OR=2.149,95% CI:1.118-4.130),and using support device in walking(OR=4.373,95% CI:1.740-10.989).The protective factors were physical disability(OR=0.246,95% CI:0.097-0.622),no restriction in lifting or carrying groceries(OR=0.527,95% CI:0.347-0.799).Conclusion Falls in the eldely are caused by combined intrinsic and extrinsic factors and the intervention on falls should be targeted on risk factors.
Infuencing factors of sleep quality among rural elderly with hypertension in Anhui province
DONG Qing, LI Jie, LIU Juan-juan
2011, 27(7): 831-833. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-08
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Objective To investigate sleep quality and it's influencing factors among the rural elderly with hypertension in Anhui province.Methods With stratified sampling,a face-to-face interviewas conducted among 1 110 hypertension patients from 1 700 elderly respondents.A Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale and a selfcompliled scaleere used to collect related information.Results Among the subjects,the average PSQI scoreas 7.65±3.91 and 474 cases (42.7%) had bad sleep quality.New hypertension cases had higher PSQI score and bad sleep quality than casestih long hypertension history (χ2=15.742,P=0.000; t=4.743,P=0.000).The hypertensivesith abnormal blood pressure control had a higher prevalence of bad sleep quality and higher PSQI score than those ofith normal control (χ2=4.545,P=0.033; t=2.411,P=0.016).Prevalence rate of bad sleep quality and PSQI scoreere significantly different betw een the elderly peopleith different blood pressure level.(χ2=24.054,P=0.000; F=8.507,P=0.000).Results of multiple stepwise regression indicated that the risk factors for bad sleep qualityere female,aged ≥70 years,peasant,having personal income,grade 2 hypertension,with coronary heart disease history,with stomach disease history,andith trachitis history.Conclusion The sleep quality of the rural elderlyith hypertension is not good and improving sleep quality is an effectiveay to increase the quality of life for the elderlyith hypertention.
Social support and its influence factors among aged patients with diabetes mellitus in urban area of Yinchuan
NING Yan-hua, YAO Li, XIA Wei
2011, 27(7): 834-836. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-09
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Objective To study the condition of social support and its influence factors among aged diabetic patients in urban area of Yinchuan city,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Methods The individual general status and the condition of social supportere investigatedith a questionnaire survey among 208 aged diabetic patients.Results The score of objective support (7.78±2.49),subjective support (20.74±336),utilization of support(7.12±2.70),and the total social support score(35.63±6.27) of the patientsere all lower than those of national norms(12.68±3.47,23.81±4.75,9.38±2.40,44.34±8.38)ith significant differences(P< 0.05).Comparedith theidowed,the married patients had higher scores in objective support (8.24±2.17),subjective support (21.26±3.45),and the total score (36.76±5.68) (P<0.05).The scores of utilization of support were different among the old patients with different education levels(F=2.616,P=0.036).The score of objective support (F=12.278,P=0.000),subjective support(F=3.229,P=0.013),and the total score (F=7.686,P=0.000)ere different among the old patientsith different living condition.The score of subjective support had statistically significant difference among the patientsith different kinds ofork before retirement (F=2.773,P=0.043).The socre of objective support was different for the patients with different monthly income (F=3.864,P=0.023).Conclusion The condition of social support of aged patients with diabetes mellitus is closely related to marriage,education level,living condition,and monthly income.The patients beingith low-income,widowed and living alone should have more social support.
Relationship between Apo E gene polymorphism and risk of different subtypes of mild cognitive impairment
CHEN Jing, HUANG Wen-yong, YANG Jing-yuan
2011, 27(7): 836-838. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-10
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Objective To explore the relationship between Apo E gene polymorphism and the risk of mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and its subtypes among the community elderly population.Methods A 1:2 matched nested case-control studyas conducted on the basis of a cohort of 2 207 individuals aged 60 and overith normal cognitive function in Guiyang city.According to the results of mini-mental state examination(MMSE) screening,the subjectsere selected based on the outcome at the end of a 3 years follow-up.All of the subjectsere genotyped for Apo Eith restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)-PCR.The dataas analyzed by using fitted conditional logistic regressionith Cox regression model.Results During the 3 years follow-up,105 new cases of MCIere diagnosedith an estimated incidence density of 18.2 per 1 000 person-years.The cases included 74 amnestic MCIith an estimated incidence density of 12.9 per 1 000 person-years,and 31 non-amnestic MCIith an estimated incidence density of 5.4 per 1 000 person-years.Single-factor analysis showed that Apo E ε4 geneas a common risk factor to the incidence of total MCI and amnestic MCI(odds ratio[OR]=2.463,95% confidence interval[CI]:1.372-4.433; OR=2.824,95% CI:1.375-5.876).Apo E ε2 gene increased the risk of non-amnestic MCI(OR=3.688,95% CI:1.140-11.930).While Apo E ε3 gene might reduce the incidence of non-amnestic MCI and total MCI(OR=0.478,95% CI:0.275-0.864; OR=0.380,95% CI:0.147-0.984).After adjustment for education and relevant vascular risk factors,Apo E ε4 alleleas still related to a significantly higher risk of total MCI,especially amnestic MCI(OR=2.686,95% CI:1.407-5.127; OR=2.743,95% CI:1.260-5.970).However,non-amnestic MCIas associatedith Apo E ε3 allele(OR=0.305,95% CI:0.103-0.899).Conclusion Apo E gene polymorphism had different effects on the incidence of subtypes of MCI among the elderly in community.Apo E ε4 gene is a common independent risk factor for total MCI and amnestic MCI.Conversely,Apo E ε3 allele may have protective effect on the occurrence of non-amnestic MCI.
Association between metabolic syndrome and mild cognitive impairment among the elderly: a nested case-control study
WANG Qing-qing, HUANG Wen-yong, YANG Jing-yuan
2011, 27(7): 839-841. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-11
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Objective To study the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among the elderly.Methods A 1:2 amatched nested case-control study was conducted among the old people aged 60 and over,who participated in 2004-2005 baseline survey and completed biochemical tests.The impact of MS and components of MS on the risk of developing MCIere analyzed after adjusting for age,gender,and education.Results Hyperglycemia(odds ratio[OR]=2.9,95% confidence interval[CI]:1.4-5.9),hypertension(OR=2.5,95% CI:1.3-4.8),hyperlipidemia(OR=2.2,95% CI:1.1-4.1) showed significant effects on the development of MCI.Comparedith the baseline group(normal orith one component of MS),the risk of MCI for groupⅠ(ith any two components of MS) and group Ⅱ(ith any three or more components of MS)ere 2.3 folds (OR=2.3,95% CI:1.2-4.6) and 3.5 folds (OR=3.5,95%CI:1.7-7.5) higher,respectively.Conclusion Hyperglycemia,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia are risk factors of MCI.The risk of MCI increases among the old peopleith increased components of MS.
Evaluation on reliability and validity of Chinese Walkable Environment Scale for urban community residents
ZHOU Re-na, FU Hua, LUO Jian-feng
2011, 27(7): 841-842. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-12
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Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Walkable Environment Scale for urban community residents and to provide scientific basis for the use of the scale in China.Methods An intercept convenient sample of 360 community residents(> 20 years old) from two neighborhoods with different walkable environment were interview ed.The internal consistent reliability,test-retest reliability,split-half reliability,content validity,and construct validity of the scale were examined.Results The Cronbach'α coefficient,the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC),and the Spearman correlation coefficient of the items of the whole scale were 0.807,0.945,and 0.721,respectively.The Pearson correlation coefficient betw een the individual scale and the whole scale ranged from 0.395 to 0.840.Except for access to services dimension,the correlation coefficient between the other four dimensions and the whole scale was all above 0.5 (P<0.01),indicating the scale had a good content validity.The factor analysis indicated that the eigenvalues of the four common factors were 2.957,2.607,2.271,and 1.572,respectively; the contributing rate of squares were 17.392%,15.333%,13.357%,and 9.248%,respectively; the contributing rate of cumulative sums of squares was 55.33%.And almost all items'factor loadings were higher than 0.4 except the items of B4 and D2,indicating that the scale had a good construct validity.Conclusion The Chinese Walkable Environment Scale for urban community residents has good reliability and validity and could be used as an effective tool for assessing urban community walkable environment in the country.
2011, 27(7): 844-845. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-13
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Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of adenylate kinase of Cryptosporidium parvum
FU Qin-qin, JING Chun-xia, YANG Guang
2011, 27(7): 845-848. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-14
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Objective To analyze nucleotide and amino acids sequences of adenylate kinase(AK) of Cryptosporidium parvum and to compare the differences of the sequences between NJ strain and other strains.Methods Kunming genus mice were used to build Cryptosporidium parvum infection model.Based on the gene sequences of Cryptosporidium parvum Iowa Ⅱ AK gene in GenBank,we designed two pairs of primer to amplify the AK genes from the Cryptosporidium parvum NJ strain by nested PCR method,and cloned it into the pMD18-T vectors; the positive recombinant plasmid pMD18-T-CpAK was sequenced after the identification of PCR and double enzyme digest method.We used bioinformatics methods to find out the difference in nucleotide and amino acids sequences of the AK gene between the Cryptosporidium parvum NJ strain and other strains.Results The CpAK gene was specifically amplified with nested PCR and the correct recombinant plasmid pMD18-T-CpAK was constructed after the identification with PCR and double enzyme digest method.The augmentation sequence is 903bp,including the AK gene of the Cryptosporidium parvum NJ strain of 663 bp.The sequence of nucleotides and homology analysis show ed that the homology of AK of Cryptosporidium parvum NJ strain and the Cryptosporidium hominis TU502 type 2 AK was 99% and the homology of AK of Cryptosporidium parvum NJ strain and the Cryptosporidium parvum Iowa Ⅱ strain was 98%.Evolutionary tree analyses show ed that the AK of Cryptosporidium parvum NJ strain had the closest relation with Cryptosporidium hominis TU502 type 2 AK.Conclusion The AK gene of Cryptosporidium parvum NJ strain was successfully cloned and registered with a registration GenBank accession number(HM067440).The AK gene has higher gene homology with other strains.
Living condition and mental health status among the elderly living alone
WU Min, LI Shi-xue, Ning Jackie Zhang
2011, 27(7): 849-851. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-15
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Objective To analyze living condition and mental health status among the elderly living alone in Ji'ning city,Shandong province.Methods Totally 160 elderly people living alone and 911 elderly people living with relatives were interview ed with a questionnaire.Chi-square test and rank test were used for statistical analysis.Results The average age for 99 female(61.88%) and 61 male(38.12%) eldely living alone was 74.45 years and most of them (65.62%) had an education level of equal to or low er than primary school.Monthly income of the elderly living alone in urban area and rural area was 1 816.40 and 274.46 RMB yuan,respectively,while those of the elderly living with relatives was 1 911.37 and 372.59 yuan.The ratio of no contact with relatives or friends was 20.93% for the elderly living alone in urban area and 25.68% for those in rural area.The ratios of having no physical exercises was 60.47% for the elderly living alone in ruban area and 94.59% for those in rural area,respectively.The average mental health score of the elderly living alone and living with relatives were 45.21% and 46.81%,respectively.Conclusion Life quality and mental health status of the elderly living alone are lower than those of the elderly living with relatives and the situation should be improved.
Effect of reliving of earthquake on PTSD among disaster-stricken people of Wenchuan earthquake
HE Shu-de, CHEN Xiao-qing
2011, 27(7): 852-851. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-16
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Objective To examine the effects of earthquake reliving on post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) among the disaster-stricken people of Wenchuan earthquake.Methods Totally 188 disaster-stricken persons were tested with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-self scoring(PTSD-ss) before and after a short film watching and were investigated with a questionnaire on the earthauake exposure conditions.Results Before watching the short film,the total score for PTSD-ss,the scores for subjective evaluation,reappearance,and alertness were 48.27±20.27,3.43±1.89,11.96±7.11,and 7.80±5.71,respectively,and obviously lower than those of after watching the film(48.18±14.62,4.07±1.46,15.77±5.48,and 12.35±4.55,respectively) with significant differences(P< 0.05 for all) among the disaster-stricke people.Conclusion The reliving of earthquake maybe strengthen PTSD symptoms among disaster-stricken people,but it has therapeutic effect on some PTSD symptoms such as avoidance for disaster-stricken people.
Correlation between perceived social support and PTSD among secondary school students after earthquake
YE Yun-li, LIU Ya, CHEN Min
2011, 27(7): 853-855. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-17
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Objective To explore the changing tendency of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and perceived social support(PSS) and the relationship betw een them among secondary school students in Wenchuan after the May 12 earthquake.Methods A total of 1 966 students from three secondary schools of Wenchuan were evaluated with PTSD ChecklistCivilian Version(PCL-C) and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS) three times after the earthquake.Results The general incidence rate(χ2=66.622,P< 0.001) and severity (χ2=70.762,P< 0.001; Gamma=-0.168,P< 0.001) of PTSD of the three surveys show ed a decreasing tendency.The overall average score of PSSS for the three surveys show ed no difference with a mean of 59.19±11.08.Logistic regression analyses show ed that the comprehension of all aspects of social support was a protective factor for PTSD.Conclusion Stable social support can promote mental health of PTSD patients and should be strengthened especially among the students with positive PTSD symptoms.
Related factors of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents after Wenchuan earthquake
YANG Yan-jie, ZHANG Yuan-yuan, QIAO Zheng-xue
2011, 27(7): 855-856. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-18
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Objective To understand the relationship between social support and coping style and the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) among adolescents in disaster area after Wenchuan earthquake.Methods Totally 472 middle school students in Dujiangyan city of Sichuan province were investigated five months after Wenchuan earthquake with general questionnaire,social support rating scale,coping style questionnaire,and the Chinese version of the Impact of Event Scale(IES)-Revised.Results After the earthquake,220 (46.61%) adolescents show ed symptoms of PTSD,including 94 male(19.92%) and 126 female(26.69%).There was no significant difference in positive rate of PTSD symptoms betw een the male and the female(P> 0.05).There was no significant difference in objective support,subjective support,utilization of social support,and the total score of social support betw een the students with and without PTSD symptoms (P>0.05 for all).But there were significant diffeneces in self-blame,resort,illusion,retreat,and rationalization between the adolscents with and without PTSD symptoms(P< 0.05).Correlation analyses indicated that objective support was negatively correlated with intrusion,high alert and total score IES (P< 0.05); rationalization was negatively correlated with high alert (P<0.05); resort was negatively correlated with intrusion factor and total score of IES; self-blame,illusion,retreat,and rationalization were positively correlated with avoidance,intrusion,high alert,and total score of IES (P< 0.01 for all).Conclusion Application of mature coping style and good social support can improve the mental health and reduce prevalence of PTSD among adolescents.
Acute stress reaction among injured persons after Yushu earthquake
WU Xue-hua, LI Xiao-lin, TAO Qing-lan
2011, 27(7): 857-858. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-19
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Objective To examine acute stress reaction among the injured persons after Yushu earthquake for early and effective psychological intervention.Methods A face-to-face interview was carried out among 90 injured persons with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Civilian Version (PCL-C) within three days after Yushu earthquake in 2010.Results The total score of PCL-C ranged from 18 to 74 among the injuries with an average score of 43±13.89.A total of 28 injuries (31.11%) were positive for PTSD and 62 (68.89%) were negative.The most common symptom was re-experience(87.78%),follow ed by high alert(67.77%),and avoiding numbness(33.33%).Conclusion There was a high incidence of acute stress reaction among the injuries of Yushu earthquake and it is important to take timely and effective psychological intervention.
2011, 27(7): 859-861. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-20
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Relationship between mental trauma, social support and self-harmony among rescue soldiers
ZHOU Xi-hua
2011, 27(7): 861-862. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-21
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Objective To explore the relationship between mental trauma,social support and the level of self-harmony among the soldiers participating in the rescue of debris flow happened in Zhouqu.Methods Impact of Event Scale(ISER),Social Support Rate Scale(SSRS),and the Self Consistency and Congruence Scale(SCCS) were administrated to 147 rescue soldiers.Results More than 75% of the rescue soldiers had psychological trauma symptoms.Compared with the Chinese soldiers norms,the soldiers had lower level of social support (t=-2.03,P< 0.01) and higher score of self-harmony (t=5.24,P<0.01).The soldiers with different levels of social support had different scoces of alertness(t=-2.69,P< 0.05).Self-harmony was positively related to mental trauma(r=0.306,P< 0.01).Conclusion The rescue soldirers had severe psychological trauma and low level of self-harmony which were effected by social support.
Relationship between abuse experience and PTSD symptoms among college students
ZHAO Jing-bo, HOU Yan-fei, YANG Xue-ling
2011, 27(7): 863-865. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-22
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Objective To explore the relationship between abuse experience and post-traurnatic stress disorder(PTSD) symptoms among college students.Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 800 freshmen and sophomoric students from a medical university in Guangzhou.The participants were asked to fill the post-traumatic stress disorder selfrating scale(PTSD-SS).Results A total of 757 questionnaires were eligible(97.2%).Among the college students,30.9% reported the experience of abuse.The prevalence of abuse was higher in the boys and in the students with physiological defects.There were no significant differences in the prevalence among the students with different status of age,only child,registered-residence,education of the parents,income of family,and single-parent family.The students with abuse experience showed a higher score in PTSD symptoms and its five factors(P< 0.01) and 90% of the students thought they were influenced by the abuse experience,and 80% of them reported their study were affected,and were afraid of the recurrence of the abuse.Conclusion The students with abuse experience have more PTSD symptoms.
Evaluation of stages of change model in intervention on risk factors of chronic diseases among farmers
CHANG Gai, PAN Yi, LI Jing
2011, 27(7): 865-867. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-23
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Objective To evaluate the effect of the stages of change(SOC) model in the intervention on chronic disease prevention for exploring effective intervention method.Methods A total of 1 000 farmers in two villages of Tianjin area were selected and divided into trial group and control group(500 farmers in each group).The SOC model was adopted to divide the subjects into five stages according to their different extents of health knowledge and behavior.Then different nutritional interventions were administered to the subjects at five different stages in trial groups,respectively.After the intervention,SOC model was used to evaluate the stages of change in behavior and to compare the changes of physical and biochemical examination.Results After the intervention,the awareness rate and behavior change rate in healthy lifestyle among the farmers in trial group were improved.The rates of smoking and alcohol drinking dccreased from 33.6% and 50.2% to 21.3% and 33.6%,respectively; the body mass index decreased from 24.07±4.16 to 23.69±3.15; the systolic blood pressure decreased from 124.90±20.66 mmHg to 122.89±15.36 mmHg,the diastolic blood pressure from 81.47±13.53 mmHg to 79.37±9.39 mmHg,and the total cholesterol from 5.43±1.12 mmol/L to 4.87±0.82 mmol/L compared with those of before the intervention.Conclusion The stages of change model could be applied in the intervention on risk factors of chronic diseases among farmers.
Dietary fiber intake of urban and rural residents in Zhejiang province
WU Wen-qian, DING Gang-qiang, ZHANG Rong-hua
2011, 27(7): 868-870. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-24
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Objective To estimate the dietary fiber intake and the food soures of fiber among the residents in urban and rural areas of Zhejiang province.Methods The dietary data were collected with 24 hours recall and food weight method.Totally 9 798 residents aged more than two years were asked to complete an estimated dietary record of an individual for 3 consecutive days.Results The insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) intake per man was 10.12g/d,and the figures in urban area and rural area were 11.23g/d and 9.0g/d.The IDF intake of the males was higher than that of the females and that of the urban residents were higher than rural residents.The intake had an ascending trend with the age before adulthood,but declined in the old.The average individual daily fibre intake was 10.58,9.64,and 8.94 grams for the residents in plain,mountainous,and island area,respectively,with significant difference among the young and middle-age residents in different areas (P<0.05).The major food sources of IDF were vegetables,cereals,legumes,condiments,fungus and algae,and fruits,which accounted for 33.89%,25.56%,13.90%,8.18%,and 7.57% of total intake,respectively.Conclusion The intake of IDF is generally inadequate among the residents in Zhejiang province,especially for the residents in rural and island area.
CpG island methylation of hMLH1 and hMSH2 gene and their expressions in acute leukemia patients
WANG Cai-xia, MAO Ping, DU Qing-hua
2011, 27(7): 870-872. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-25
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Objective To explore the CpG island methylation of human Mut S homologue 1(hMLH1) and human Mut S homologue 2(hMSH2) gene and their expressions in acute leukemia patients.Methods Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and western blot were used to measure hMSH2 and hMLH1 mRNA and protein expression.Methylation-specific polymerase chain reation(MSP) technique was adopted to detect methylation of hMLH1 and hMSH2 gene in mononuclear cells of 56 acute leukemia patients and 30 healthy volunteers.Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of hMSH2 and hMLH1 in mononuclear cells of acute leukemia patients decreased significantly compared with those of healthy volunteers(P< 0.05).The frequency of promoter methylation of hMSH1and hMSH2 gene in mononuclear cells of 56 acute leukemia patients were 66.1% (37/56) and 55.4% (31/56),respectively,while those frequencies in healthy volunteers were 10.0% (3/30) and 6.7% (2/30).The differences betw een the tw o groups were statistically significant (P<0.01).There was a negative correlation between the CpG island methylation of hMLH1 and hMSH2 gene and their expressions in acute leukemia(rhMSH2=-0.624,P=0.000; rhMLH1=-0.589,P=0.002).Conclusion There are low expressions of hMSH2 and hMLH1 gene and high methylation of hMLH1 and hMSH2 gene in acute leukemia patients.The CpG island methylation is a factor for the low expression phenomenon of hMSH2 and hMLH1 gene in acute leukemia patients.
Spatial distribution of viral hepatitis prevalence in Jiangsu province by geographic information system
CHENG Yue-jia, BAO Chang-jun, LIANG Qi
2011, 27(7): 873-876. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-26
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Objective To analyze the spatial distribution of viral hepatitis prevalence in Jiangsu province.Methods The data on viral hepatitis incidents in Jiangsu province from 2003 to 2009 were collected and analyzed.The statistic information was revealed by spatial autocorrelation analysis,trend surface analysis,and spatial regression analysis to find the high prevalence areas and to forecast the epidemic trend of viral hepatitis.Results The results indicated that the prevalence of the disease in some areas had spatial aggregation and the prevalence of the disease exhibited spatial autocorrelation in some parts of Jiangsu province,such as Nanjing,Wujin,Wuxi,Changzhou,and Suzhou,with local Moran's I indexes of -0.000145,0.000253,0.000284,0.000357,and 0.000184.A significant negative autocorrelation was observed for viral hepatitis epidemic in Nanjing area and significant positive autocorrelation in Wujin,Changzhou,Wuxi,and Suzhou area.A trend surface and a spatial regression model were established for viral hepatitis incidence in Jiangsu province with a formula of Y=-227.29 531×LON-439.43 745×LAT+443 52.8 914.The results of the analyses confirmed that Nanjing,Wuxi,Suzhou,Huai'an,and Xuzhou were the five highest prevalence areas of viral hepatitis.Conclusion The incidence of viral hepatitis is obviously distributed geographically in Jiangsu province and effective measures should be taken to control the prevalence of viral hepatitis.
Prevalence of Beijing genotype family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in Henan province and its correlation with drug-resistance
ZHAO Yu-ling, LI Hui, XU Ji-ying
2011, 27(7): 877-879. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-27
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Objective To understand the status of drug-resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) isolated from Weishi,Henan province,and its correlation with Beijing genotype family.Methods The drug susceptibility of the clinical isolates of M.tuberculosis was determined by proportion method and the genotypes were identified by RD105 deletion test.The statistical analysis was performed with χ2 test.Results Among 164 clinical isolates of M.tuberculosis,126 strains(76.8%) were sensitive to 4 first line anti-tuberculosis drugs,including isoniazid(INH),rifampicin(RFP),streptomycin(SM),and ethambutol(EMB),whereas 38 strains(23.2%) were resistant to the 4 drugs,in which 14 strains(8.5%) were single drug-resistant and 13 strains(7.9%) belonged to multi-drug resistance(MDR).The percentages of drug resistance to INH,SM,RFP,and EMB were 16.5% (27/164),15.9% (26/164),9.1% (15/164),and 7.3% (12/164),respectively.As demonstrated by genotyping,147 strains of 164 M.tuberculosis isolates(89.6%) belonged to Beijing family and others were non-Beijing family.Among the 147 Beijing family strains,36 strains (24.5%) were drug-resistant,and 111 strains(75.5%) were sensitive.Among 17 non-Beijing family strains,2 strains(11.76%) were drug-resistant and 15 strains (88.23%) were sensitive.Concerning to the drug-resistance,there was no significant difference between the Beijing family strains and the non-Beijing family(χ2=0.05,P> 0.05).Conclusion The status of drug-resistance of M.tuberculosis in Henan is serious and no correlation exists between the drug-resistance of M.tuberculosis and Beijing family genotypes.
Health knowledge and attitude and educational effect among undergraduates in Guangzhou
LI Xiao-zhen, WANG Feng, CHEN Qing-shan
2011, 27(7): 879-880. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-28
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Objective To understand the status of health knowledge and attitude and to evaluate instant effect of education course among undergraduates in a university in Guangzhou.Methods Cluster random sampling was used to select 198 students participating a health education course and 293 students being control group.The two groups completed a selfadministered questionnaire on health knowledge and attitude.Results The average score of health know ledge in the control group(63.98±15.68) was much low er than that of the intervention group(81.17±12.84,t=13.30; P=0.000).Of all undergraduates,94.7% considered that it was necessary to develop a health education course on campus; 97.5% reported acquiring some knowledge from the course; 98.5% were satisfied with the content of the course.Of all undergraduates,84.6% did not took the course because they did not know the establishment of the course.Conclusion The undergraduates had poor health know ledge.It is necessary to develop a health education course to improve undergraduates ' health know ledge.
Expression of bcl-2, bax in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells of rats with arsenic poisoning
LI Yuan-hui, JIN Ting-ting
2011, 27(7): 881-883. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-29
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Objective To investigate the influence of arsenic poisoning on the expressions of bcl-2,bax apoptosis control gene in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in rtas.Methods Forty normal SD rats were divided into high and low dose of arsenic poisoning group and control group.The body weights of the rats were 120-150g.There were 15 rats in high and low dose exposure groups,and 10 rats in the control group.The rats in high and low groups were treated with As2O3 through drinking water at the doses of 10 and 0.4 mg/kg·d.The control group was given distilled water.Four months after the treatment,the kidney tissue of the rats was collected.Two step immunohistochemistry method,cell number count,and image analyses were used in the study.Results The bcl-2 immunoractive cells decreased and the average gray value gradually increased in arsenic poisoning groups(P< 0.05).The bax immunoractive cells of renal proximal tubular epithelial were increased and the average gray value decreased(P< 0.05) in arsenic poisoning groups compared to those of the control group.Conclusion The expression of bcl-2,bax apoptosis control gene are involved in the process of apoptosis of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in arsenic poisoning rats.
Antagonistic effect of garlic oil on toxicity of n-hexane in mice
GAO Xu-cong, XIE Ke-qin
2011, 27(7): 883-884. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-30
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Objective To investigate antagonoistic effect of garlic oil(GO) on toxicity of n-hexane by decreasing the formation of 2,5-hexanedione(2,5-HD) in mice.Methods Adult healthy Kunming mice were treated with n-hexane and GO+n-hexane,respectively.The serum was obtained and extracted with ethyl acetate,and the levels of the serum 2,5-HD were determined with gas chromatography.Results The content of 2,5-HD in serum of the mice detected immediately after a single exposure of n-hexane was 0.14±0.14 μg/ml with the peak values of 24.63±3.52 μg/ml at 10 hr and 0.02±0.04 μg/ml at 20 hr.The serum 2,5-HD decreased by 32.1% (P< 0.01) and 24.4% (P< 0.05) at 6 hr after GO pretreatment and post-treatment.Compared to that of the n-hexane group,the content of serum 2,5-HD in GO pretreated group decreased by 26%-54% within 4 hr-14 hr after the administration of n-hexane,with significant differences at 4,6,8 and 10 hours (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01),but the shape and peak time of the curve were not changed.Conclusion GO can significantly inhibit the metablism of n-hexane with the decrease of serum 2,5-HD and result in the deacrease of the toxicity of n-hexane.
Regulatory effect of epigenin on hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-ovarian in rats
LI Wei-hong, ZHOU Feng, ZHUANG Xiao-mei
2011, 27(7): 885-887. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-31
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Objective To study the effect of apigenin(Api) on adenohypophysis,follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinzing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),and progesterone(P).Methods Cell culture,radioimmunoassay,and hypothalamus(H) -adenohypophysis(AP) -ovarian(O) tertiary culture cell sequence perfusion were adopted.The sequence of perfusion was H-AP-O and the concentrations were 10-4 mol/L,10-5 mol/L,and 10-6 mol/L.The contents of FSH,LH,E2 and P in adenohypophysis and ovarian granulosa cell medium were measured.Results In ovarian granulosa cells of proestrus rats treated with Api(10-4 mol/L-10-6 mol/L),E2 and P secretion decreased in concentration-dependence manner compared to those of the control group with statistically significant differences(P< 0.01) and the contents of E2 and P decreased with the increase of Api conentration.There were no significant differences in LH and FSH secretion of adenohypophysis cells betw een the proestrus rats in Api treatment groups and the control group(P> 0.05).Conclusion Api inhibits E2 and P secretion of ovarlan granular cells but does not affect FSH and LH secretion of adenohypophysis in proestrus female rats.
Effects of accumulative electromagnetic irradiation on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance
WANG Yuan, ZHANG Guang-bin, CHU Fang
2011, 27(7): 887-888. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-32
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Objective To observe the influence of electromagnetic irradiation on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance.Methods The mice were continuously exposed to 5 mW/cm2 electromagnetic wave 30 min/day for 30 days.The expression levels of interferon-gamma(INF-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The excursion of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance induced by electromagnetic irradiation was analysed.Results The INF-γ expression level was increased by 5 mW/cm2 electromagnetic irradiation.At the 8th day of the electromagnetic irradiation,the INF-γ level in murine serum was increased by 27.84% compared with that of the sham group(P< 0.05).The IL-4 expression level showed a decrease tendency after the electromagnetic irradiation but the decrease was not significant compared with that of the sham (P> 0.05).Conclusion The 5 mW/cm2 electromagnetic irradiation can lead the deflection of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance to Th1.
Effects of taurine on mitochondrial damage induced by manganese chloride
LU Cai-ling, YANG Xi, HUANG Shi-wen
2011, 27(7): 889-891. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-33
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Objective To investigate the effects of taurine on hippocampus mitochondrial ultrastracture changes and oxidative damage induced by MnCl2.4H2O.Methods Eighty Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups:control group,MnCl2.4H2O-treatment group,taurine-treatment group,and taurine-prevention group.Hippocampus mitochondria was isolated and prepared for electroscopic scanning and reactive oxygen species(ROS) detection.Hippocampus mitochondria from healthy rats was also separated and incubated with MnCl2.4H2O and taurine in vitro for determination of ROS.Results The dissolve of mitochondrial membrane and cristae and the degeneration of mitochondrial vacuolar were observed in MnCl2 group.Both taurine treatment and prevention could improve mitochondrial ultrastracture damage induced by MnCl2.ROS in MnCl 2 group(170.3±6.1) was significantly lower than that of in the control(182.2±5.5) and taurine-prenvention group(207.0±6.0) (t=3.63,P< 0.05; t=11.61,P< 0.05).While ROS in taurine treatment(150.2±3.8) group was the lowest and was different from that of MnCl2 administration(t=6.31,P< 0.05).In vitro,compared with that of the control(650.7±12.0),ROS was significantly higher in MnCl2 treatment group(2139.2±24.9,t=137.23; P< 0.05).Taurine-prevention(1734.5±20.7) and taurine-treatment (1477.3±14.8) could markedly down-regulrate ROS (t=37.31,P< 0.05; t=61.01,P< 0.05).Conclusion MnCl2 treatment could induce ultrastracture morphologic damage of hippocampns mitochonhria in vivo and taurine-prevention and taurine-treaement could evidently down-regulrate the ROS induced by MnCl2.
2011, 27(7): 891-892. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-34
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2011, 27(7): 892-893. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-35
Abstract(1055) HTML (196) PDF 270KB(31)
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Distribution of arsenic metabloite in liver of rats treated with arsenite and arsenate
WU Jun, YANG Xiao-yan, JIANG Ping
2011, 27(7): 893-895. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-36
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Objective To analyze the difference in distribution of arsenic metabolite in liver of the rats treated with arsenite and arsenate,and to explore metabolism and toxicity of arsenic.Methods Seventy-two Wistar rats were devided into 7 groups.After three months' treatment,the liver samples of the rats were collected and kept in deep freeze refrigerator.With high efficiency liquid chromatography and hydride genesis atomic fluorescence spectroscopy(HPLC-HGAFS),the speciation and concentrations of arsenate and arsenite and their metabolic products in the liver were determined.Meanw hile,the recovery rate of monomethylarsonic acid(MMA) was determined to estimate the accuracy of the results.The arsenic accumulation was evaluated based on the content of total arsenic in liver and the differences in pathway and capability of methylation were estimated according to levels of primary methylated index(PMI) and secondary methylated index(SMI) of arsenic in the liver.Results There were significant differences in the levels of total arsenic between high,moderate,and lowarsenite groups(1 142.9±50.4,484.6±37.4,323.3±20.2 ng/g wet weight) and between high,moderate,and low arsenate groups(3 695.2±345.9,1 833.8±229.6,1 170.5±77.4 ng/g wet weight) (P< 0.05 for all).Except high dose group,the level of iAs3+ (118.4±23.9,252.3±14.3 ng/g wet weight) and dimethylarsinic acid(DMA) (353.2±45.6,55.2±10.6 ng/g wet weight) in the liver of moderate and low arsenite group were lower than the level of iAs3+ (558.7±39.0,759.5±67.6 ng/g wet weight) and DMA (1269.7±219.9,402.1±60.5 ng/g wet weight) in moderate and low arsenate groups(P< 0.05).The level of MMA(13.0±2.88,15.8±3.14 ng/g wet weight) in the liver of moderate and low arsenite group were higher than the level of MMA (5.35±1.18,8.87±1.66 ng/g wet weight) of the moderate and low arsenate groups(P< 0.05).The level of PMI and SMI of different arsenite group in the liver were lower than the same dose arsenate groups(P< 0.05).Conclusion The accumulation of pentavalent arsenic metabolite is more than that of trivalent arsenic in the liver of rats.In the liver the primary and secondary methylation of pentavalent arsenic is more intensive than that of trivalent arsenic and with stronger hepatic toxicity in rats.
Differential protein expression in KBV200 cell lines before and after treatment with traditional Chinese medicines
OU Bing-ning, TANG Hai-hua, ZHANG Hai-ying
2011, 27(7): 896-898. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-37
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Objective To examine differential protein expression in drug-resistast human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines KBV200 before and after the treatment with five traditional Chinese medicines.Methods The cytotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicines to KBV200 cells were determined by methyl thiazol tetrazolium(MTT) assay.The different protein expression profiles in KBV200 cells were detected by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS) and CM -10 chip before and after the treatment with five traditional Chinese medicines at noncytotoxic dose combined with vincristine(VCR),respectively.Results At the range of 2 000-50 000 Da,13 differential protein expressions were identified before and after the treatment with epingallocatechian gallate(EGCG) in KBV200 cells (P<0.05).The five protein peaks(3 997,4 941,4 968,5 971,and 6 084 Da) were expressed at low level in KB cells but up-regulated obviously(P< 0.05) in KBV200 cells before the treatment with EGCG and dow n-regulated (P< 0.05) in KBV200 cells after the treatment with EGCG.Six differential protein expressions were identified in KBV200 cells (P<0.05) before and after the treatment with emodin,of which,three protein peaks(4 968,5 971,and 6 084 Da) were expressed at low level in KB cells but up-regulated obviously(P< 0.05) in KBV200 cells before the treatment and dow n-regulated (P< 0.05) in KBV200 cells after the treatment.No differential protein was simultaneously identified in KBV200 cells (P<0.05) before and after the treatment with nitidine and in KB cells.There also was no differential protein expression detected in KBV200 cells before and after treatment with Radix Isatidi extract or meadow rueleaf corydalis root extract.Conclusion Differentially expressed proteins can be captured before and after the treatment with EGCG and emodin and the proteins possiblly associate with reverse multidrug resistance of KBV200 cell lines in vitro.
Prevalence of acute respiratory infection and knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) associated with influenza in Shenzhen and Zhengzhou city——a telephone survey
LI Hai-xia, FENG Lu-zhao, FENG Yun-xia
2011, 27(7): 899-902. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-38
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Objective To explore the prevalence of acute respiratory tract infection in residents of Shenzhen and Zhengzhou city in different pandemic stages and the knowledge,attitude and practice of influenza A (H1N1).Methods The telephone survey with periodical-probability proportion to size sampling was conducted.Results The rates of acute respiratory infection in the participants and their families were 10.1% and 6.1% in Shenzhen and 5.6% and 3.0% in Zhengzhou.There were 10.9% and 9.2% of participants reporting ordinary flu and influenza A vaccination in Shenzhen and the rates were lower than those of in Zhengzhou.There were 62.2% of participants knowing the free vaccine strategy of influenza A(H1N1) in Shenzhen and 67.5% in Zhengzhou.Conclusion The prevalences of acute respiratory infection and influenza A(H1N1) vaccinatian were higher in residents of Shenzhen city compared to those of Zhengzhou and the health education on influeaza A is needed for the residents of the two cities.
Effect of benzo(a) pyrene on memory and expression of glutamate receptor mRNA in rat
TANG Qian, XIA Yin-yin, CHENG Shu-qun
2011, 27(7): 902-903. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-39
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Objective To investigate the effect of chronic administration of benzo (a) pyrene on memory and the expression of glutamate receptor(2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazol propionate subunit 1,AMPA1) mRNA in hippocampus of rats.Methods Thirty-six healthy male rats were randomly divided into high,moderate and low dose toxin exposure groups and vehicle group(9 in each group).Afterw ards,the rats were tested for learning and memory (Morris water maze),and the high exposure and vehicle group were studied with gene microarray screening and real-time PCR for AMPA1 mRNA in hippocampus.Results Compared with the control group (6.50±2.57s),latency in finding the platform of the rats in high exposure group (17.90±7.71s) and moderate exposure group (16.20±4.74s) increased significantly (P<0.05) on the fifth day of place navigation.The cDNA microarray analysis showed that AMPA1 mRNA level in high exposure group was 2.052 times higher than that of the vehicle group.Real-time PCR showed that AMPA1 mRNA was up-regulated by 4.257 times.Conclusion Benzo(a) pyrene had an inhibitive effect on spatial learning and memory capability,and significantly increase gene expression of AMPA1 subunit in hippocampus of rats.
Sexual behavior before marriage and knowledge and need of contraception among college students in Beijing
GUO Jing, ZHANG Shuang
2011, 27(7): 904-906. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-40
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Objective To find out the attitude of college students toward sexual behavior before marriage and the know ledge and need on contraception.Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conduted among 1 126 college students selected with random cluster sampling.Results The students were tolerant to premarital sex.Among the students,82.76% considered non-marital sex being acceptable and 13.36% had premarital sexual experience.The average age at the first sexual behavior was 19.25 years for the students.For students having sexual behavior,16.67% of males reported their sex partners being pregnant and 6.06% of females reported pregnant experience.Only 58.78% of the students took contraceptive method when having sex every time,and only 21.85% of the students could selected correct method for emergency contraception.There were 89.78% of the students considered that it was necessary for the college to provide sex and contraceptive health education and wished to get the knowledge from lecture.Conclusion College students have a low level of knowledge and high level of need about contraception and have tolerant attitude to premarital sex.
Knowledge of folic acid and its related factors among people in Xi’ning city
GUO Ying-hua, XING Yong-hua, CHEN Ying
2011, 27(7): 906-907. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-41
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Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of knowledge about folic acid among people in Xi'ning city and to provide evidence and measures for health education on folic acid.Methods Totally 492 local people were surveyed.Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to explore the influencing factors.Results The general rate of awareness of folic acid was 30.4%.There were 22.7% of the people knowing some diseases are related to deficient folic acid in daily dietary,11.4% knowing the folic acid could be lost in daily cookings,24.2% knowing smoking and drinking could influence absorption of folic acid,and 38.5% knowing some foods and fruits contain folic acid.Multiple unconditional logistic regression analyses indicated that female and married were risk factors and with eduation of middle school or higher and living in urban area were protective factors for knowledge level of folic acid.Conclusion The knowlegde rate of folic acid is low and gender,education level,residential place,and marriage status are major factors influencing the knowledge rate among the residents of Xi'ning city.
HIV and syphilis infection and high-risk behaviors among men who have sex with men in Shenzhen city
LIU Shao-chu, CHEN Lin, CAI Wen-de
2011, 27(7): 908-910. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-42
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Objective To understand HIV and syphilis infection and high-risk behaviors among men who have sex with men(MSM) in Shenzhen,and to provide basis for effective intervention in the population.Methods By recruiting MSM volunteers,a self-administered anonymous questionnaire and blood test were conducted among 450 MSM with sexual behavior with men in the previous 6 months using snow balling sampling.Results The average number of male partners of the MSM was 5.02±1.23,and 18.67% of the MSM had sex with female.Among the MSM,5.35% bought sex from male and 7.26% sold sex to male.Totally 46.21% of the MSM could persist in using condom when having anal sex with male.There was a significant difference in the frequency of condom use among four different kinds of sex partners among the MSM (χ2=34.1484,P< 0.0001).The infection rate of HIV and syphilis was 5.56% and 18.44%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analyses show ed that low er monthly income(odds ratio[OR]=0.707,P=0.0039) was risk factor of HIV infection,and older age(OR=1.713,P=0.0073) and low er monthly income(OR=0.843,P=0.0419) were risk factors of siphilis infection.Conclusion The frequency of condom use among the MSM was low,and most of the MSM had multiple sex partners and heterosexuality.The infection rate of HIV and siphilis was very high among the MSM in Shenzhen.Intervention efforts must be strengthened to control the epidemic of HIV and sexually transmitted disease.
Meta-analysis on relationship between polymorphisms of CYP2E1 gene and susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury
XIANG Yang, SUN Feng, ZHAN Si-yan
2011, 27(7): 910-913. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-43
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Objective To study the relationship between the polymorphisms of CYP2E1 gene and the susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury.Methods A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the relationship betw een the polymorphisms of cytochrome 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene and the susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) based on relevant epidemiological papers published domestically and abroad.Random effect model or fixed effect model analysis was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio(OR).Publication bias was evaluated by fail-safe number(Nfs).Result A total of 194 cases and 639 controls from 5 studies were included.The pooled OR with 95% confidence interval (CI) of ATLI risk associated with CYP2E1 homozygous wild genotype(c1/c1) was 1.86(95% CI:0.95-3.66).After excluding the results of a survey among children,the pooled OR was 2.22(95% CI=1.51-3.26).Conclusion The results do not support the association betw een the polymorphisms of CYP2E1 gene and the susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury,but the adult patients carring CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype might be associated with the increased risk of ATLI.
Negative life events in medical students
WANG Jian-ping, LIANG Duo-hong, SHI Xin-zhu
2011, 27(7): 914-915. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-44
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Objective To understand the occurrence of negative life events in medical students for implementing effective intervention.Methods Students at their 1st-3rd year of study in Shenyang Medical College were selected with stratified cluster sampling and surveyed using Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List.Results The prevalences of various negative life events were 2.9%-70.5% among 1 026 respondents.The top five events for the respondents were the failure or unsatisfactory result of examination,the burden of study,to be misunderstood by others,significant change in living habit,and seperation with the family for a long time.The score for interpersonal relationship,study pressure,having been punished,loss,and health adaption was 7.78±2.10,8.76±2.91,8.48±2.42,4.29±1.99,and 5.60±1.74,respectively.The scores of study pressure,loss,and health adaption were different significantly betw een the respondents from different tow ns(P< 0.05).The scores of loss and interpersonal relationship were different significantly betw een the respondents in different grades (P< 0.05).Conclusion The negative life event is prevalent among medical students and there are differences in the prevalence of negative life events among different groups of medical students.
2011, 27(7): 915-917. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-45
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Design and application of a question bank for school-based HIV/AIDS education among junior high school students
MA Ying-hua, WANG Yan, QI Jian-guo
2011, 27(7): 918-920. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-46
Abstract(1269) HTML (205) PDF 354KB(41)
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Objective To test and apply a question bank for school-based HIV/AIDS education in junior high school students,and to explore its role in the supervision and evaluation on health education.Methods A total of 889 students from 10 junior high schools in Shanghai city,Guangdong and Sichuan province were sampled to test and modify the question bank.A preliminary study among 2 098 students from 14 junior high schools in 7 provinces was carried out with convenient cluster sampling to modity the question bank for school-based HIV/AIDS education.Results Results of parallelism and discrimination study on the question bank among the students in 16 classes showed that the difference betw een the tw o questionnaires compiled based on the bank was not statistically significant in 13 classes(P> 0.05) except for 1 class in Shanghai with significantly lower scores for the questionnaire 1(81.00) than that of the questionnaire 2(85.52) and 2 classes in Sichuan with signiticantly higher scores for the questionnaire 1(78.56,83.86) than that of questionnaire 2(72.52,78.68).The differences in the scores among the classes with the education program were significantly different from those of without the education.Students'achievements(75.06-87.48 scores) in schools with the health education were better than those in the schools with ordinary health education(72.52-83.20 scores) (P< 0.01).The overall score of the students in project schools in 7 provinces(72.17) was higher than that of students in non-project schools(68.40).The awareness rate of basic HIV/AIDS knowledge of the students in project schools(78.5%,1 104/1 407) was higher than that of the students in nonproject schools(71.8%,496/691,P< 0.01).Conclusion Questionnaires compiled based on the question bank have a good comparability and discrimination and could be used as a test in supervision and evaluation on HIV/AIDS education in schools.
Knowledge, attitude and behavior of public health emergency among university students
YU Er-man, WANG Chong-jian, LI Wen-jie
2011, 27(7): 920-922. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-47
Abstract(2394) HTML (509) PDF 332KB(78)
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Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitude and behavior of public health emergency among university students during the H1N1 influenza epidemic and to provide scientific basis for health education in universities.Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit 1 195 university students of different majors and grades.Questionnaire regarding know ledge,attitude and behavior on public health emergency were answ ered by the students.Results The aw areness rate of public health emergency among the university students was 74.63% with a mean score of 74.63±12.27.There were significant differences in the awareness rate,scores of attitude and coping style between the students of different majors and grades (all P< 0.05).Moreover,the scores of knowledge were negatively correlated with the scores of attitude (r=-0.408,P<0.01),and were positively correlated with the active coping style (r=0.364,P< 0.01).Conclusion The awareness rate of public health emergency for the university students was relatively low and the behavior is closely correlated with the knowledge and attitude for public health emergency.Health education and propaganda on public health emergency should be strengthened among university students.
2011, 27(7): 922-923. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-48
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Demographic characteristics and life quality in peasants of Heilongjiang province
QI Jin-ling, LI Hong
2011, 27(7): 924-926. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-49
Abstract(1142) HTML (161) PDF 345KB(35)
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Objective To understand the life quality in peasants with different demographic characteristics in Heilongjiang province.Methods Totally 2 300 peasants were investigated with a self-designed "Questionnaire of Life Quality for Chinese Peasants" to collect the information on life quality of the peasants with different demographic charateristics.Results There were significant differences in standard of living and degree of satisfaction to the spiritual life between the peasants of the Han nationality and other nationalities (3.73±0.62 vs 2.81±0.38 and 3.55±0.57 vs 2.80±0.75,P< 0.01 for all).There were significant differences in spiritual life quality,degree of satisfaction to spiritual life and cultural entertainment between the peasants with and without religious belief (3.75±0.45 vs 3.55±0.46,3.79±0.62 vs 3.50±0.56,3.38±0.71 vs 3.07±0.77; P< 0.05 for all).There was a significant difference in cultural entertainment between the unmarried and married peasants(F=3.392,P< 0.05).There were significant differences in spiritual life quality and cultural entertainment betw een the peasants with junior college or above and other education level(F=4.138,3.435; P< 0.01 for all).There were differences in the general life quality and social life quality betw een in-village and floating peasants(F=3.971,4.350; P< 0.05 for all).There were differences in material life quality and satisfaction to material life between in-village and not-in-village peasants(F=3.404,3.101; P< 0.05 for all).There were significant differences in standard of living,social environment,and social safety between in-village peasants and other peasants(F=5.679,3.061,and 4.727; P< 0.01 for all).Conclusion The general life quality of the peasants in Heilongjiang province is higher and there are differences in the life quality and its dimensions among the peasants with different demographic characteristics.
2011, 27(7): 926-926. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-50
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2011, 27(7): 927-927. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-51
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2011, 27(7): 928-929. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-52
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2011, 27(7): 929-929. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-53
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2011, 27(7): 930-931. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-54
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2011, 27(7): 931-932. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-55
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2011, 27(7): 933-934. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-56
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Alcohol use disorder and its influence factors among residents in Liaoning province
YANG Xiao-li, JIANG Chao, FU Zeng-guo
2011, 27(7): 935-937. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-57
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Objective To describe the prevalence and distribution of alcohol use disorders among adult residents in Liaoning province.Methods Totally 13 358 subjects aged 18-65 years were randomly selected from 3 cities and 3 counties with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method and were assessed based on DSM Ⅲ-R diagnoses by face-to-face interview with Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 1.0.Results The lifetime,12 month and 2 week prevalence of alcohol use disorder were 4.24%,3.45%,and 2.70% for all residents and 16.17%,6.88%,and 9.30% for alcohol drinkers,respectively.A significant dose-response relationship was observed betw een the lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorders and the drinking days per week,and alcohol consumption daily.The risk factors of lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorder were male(odds ratio[OR]=2.01,95% confidence interval[CI]:1.28-3.15),smoking (OR=1.35,95% CI:1.08-1.68),divorced(OR=2.09,95% CI:1.30-3.36),alcohol consumption,and frequency of alcohol drinking.Conclusion The males,persons at the age of 25-54 years,smokers,and the divorced are populations at high risk and the key populations for prevention and control of alcohol use disorder.
2011, 27(7): 937-938. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-58
Abstract(1069) HTML (182) PDF 332KB(42)
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Development and evaluation of psychological and physical questionnaire for hypertensive
YANG Run-tao, ZHANG Ze-hong, HUANG Xue-wei
2011, 27(7): 939-940. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-59
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Objective To develop a psychological and physical questionnaire for hypertensive and to evaluate its validity and reliability.Methods The self-esteem structures were formed by analyses of literature,questionnaire survey and interview among hypertension patients.A total of 403 hypertension patients were asked to complete the questionnaire.The data were analyzed with project analysis,exploratory factor analysis,and reliability and validity tests.Results The questionnaire was finally refined as a list of 36 items on four dimensions,including mental function,social function,physical function and habits,with a cumulative contribution rate of 45.568%.The test-retest coefficients for the four dimensions and the total score was 0.762,0.739,0.792,0.660,and 0.786 and the values of Cronbach α was 0.834,0.846,0.771,0.662,and 0.921,respectively.The split-half reliability for the questionnaire was 0.904.The content validities for the four dimensions were 0.678,0.739,0.784,and 0.690(P< 0.01 for all).The questionnaire had high validity and reliability.Conclusion The psychological and physical questionnaire for hypertensive was developed and the questionnaire has high validity and reliability.
2011, 27(7): 941-942. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-60
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2011, 27(7): 942-942. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-62
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2011, 27(7): 943-944. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-61
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2011, 27(7): 944-944. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2011-27-07-63
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