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2011 Vol. 27, No. 8

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Analysis on influencing factors of smoking behaviors among high school students with problem behavior theory
LI Rong, Ma Ying-hua, Zhuang Li-li
2011, 27(8): 945-947. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-01
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Objective To investigate the factors influencing high school students'smoking-attempt behaviors based on problem behavior theory. Methods The Adolescent Health and Development Questionnaire,which was developed by the proponent of problem behavior theory,was used in the investigation.Students from three high schools in a district of Beijing were selected as research subjects with convenient sampling. Results The rate of smoking-attempt among the 1 352 students was 26.6%(35.5% for boys,18.4% for girls).Compared to the students without smoking-attempt behavior,the students with smoking-attempt had significant lower scores in self-control(3.05±0.80),smoking-related peer control(3.35±0.72),and family control(3.09±0.96).Self-control,peers health behavior models,smoking-related control from peers and family,general family control,and general school support were protective factors for the reduction of smoking-attempt among the students;peer smoking model,community smoking model,easy availability of cigarette,and deviant behavior were risk factors for high school students' smoking-attempt. Conclusion High school students' smoking-attempt behavior could be partially explained by problem behavior theory.
Influencing factors of smoking cessation among male smokers in Guangdong province
SONG Xiu-ling, MA Wen-jun, XU Yan-jun
2011, 27(8): 947-949. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-02
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Objective To explore influencing factors of smoking cessation among male smokers in Guangdong province,and to provide evidence for prevention and intervention of smoking. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3 181 male residents selected from 21 cities in Guangdong province with proportional probability sampling and Kishgrid methods.The information on smoking and smoking cessation was collected with a questionnaire survey. Results The prevalence of current smoking and smoking cessation among male smokers was 56.1%and 11.9%,and only 8.1% of them had succeeded in smoking cessation.The average age of quiting smoking was 41.6 years and 56.3% of male smokers had quitted before 45 years old.Among the current smokers,13.9%tried to quit smoking and 10.3% of them attended to quit smoking in six months and 3.6%in more than six months.The rate of trying to quit smoking was 21.9%in the past 12 months. Results from multiple factors analyses identified age,the level of attitude,and the degree of smoking were inhibitor of smoking cessation and years of smoking and having chronic diseases were promoting factors. Conclusion The rate of smoking cessation is relatively low among male smokers in Guangdong province.The major influencing factors for smoking cessation are age,age of smoking,the history of chronic disease,the level of attitude,and the degree of smoking.
Smoking prevalence and knowledge,attitude toward smoking among different occupational groups in Zhangzhou city
HU Xiang-ju, LIN Shu-guang, ZHONG Wen-ling
2011, 27(8): 950-951. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-03
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Objective To understand somking prevalence,konwledge of smoking,passive smoking hazards and attitude toward smoking bans in public places among diferent occupational groups in Zhangzhou city of Fujian province. Methods Totally 911 persons were randomly selected at medical institutions,schools,agencies,restaurants,waiting-rooms of bus terminal,and internet bar for a face-to-face interview. Results There were 216 smokers with a smoking rate of 23.71%. Among the participants,the smoking rate was 19.81%(63/318)for medical staff,18.86%(66/350)for staff in the schools,34.38%(22/64)for personnel in the agencies,and 36.31%(65/179)for persons in restaurants,watiting-room of bus terminal,and internet bar,respectively.There were 538 persons exposed to passive smoking.The passive smoking for the four places was 59.06%.Totally more than 95%of the persons recognizing the health risk of smoking but less than 90% know ing the health risk of passive smoking. Conclusion Smoking and passive smoking rate at public places such as internet bar is higher than that of other institutions,while correct recognition rate of smoking is low.Propaganda on know ledge of smoking and hazards of passive smoking should be increased in public places.
Relationships between stress and smoking behavior among adolescents in Xi’an city
SUN Guo
2011, 27(8): 952-953. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-04
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Objective To understand smoking status and the relationships between stress and smoking behavior among adolescents in Xi'an city and to provide the basis for prevention of adolescent smoking. Methods Totally 1 028 students from 8 middle or high schools in 6 districts of Xi'an city were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey.The information collected included interpersonal relationship,study achievement,punishment,loss of property and family members,health status,and adaptation.Single-factor χ2 test,independent sample t test and multivariate logistic regression were adopted in data analysis. Results The ever smoking rate was 34.1%(50.8% for boys and 1.0% for girls).The scores of middle school students for interpersonal relationship(8.72±3.78),loss of property or family members(4.04±3.08),health status (4.37±4.90),and adaptation(5.05±3.70)were significantly higher than the average scores of other students.The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that male(adds ratio[OR]=9.351),in the second year of middle school (OR=2.356),interpersonal relationship(OR=1.430),study burden(OR=1.778),punishment(OR=2.518),loss of family member or property(OR=1.693),health and adaptation,and other stress(OR=4.368)were risk factors of smoking behavior among the students. Conclusion Smoking behavior and stress is closely related among the adolescents in middle and hight schools.
Effects of long-term smoking on expression of IL-8 and E-selectin in rat lungs
WAN Dan, LI Wen-fang, SHI Meng-die
2011, 27(8): 954-955. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-05
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Objective To investigate the influence of long-term smoking on the expression of inflammatory factors in rat lung tissue. Methods Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control,low-,moderate-,and highdose group.The rats in each group were exposed to cigarette smoke at different dose for 12 weeks.The level of interleukin-8 (IL-8)in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was measured with radioimmunoassay.Immunohistochemistry assay was carried out to examine the expression of E-selectin in lung tissue. Results The levels of IL-8 in BALF increased significantly in high-,moderate-,and low-dose group(0.77±0.010,0.71±0.171,and 0.62±0.088,respectively)compared to that of the control group(0.28±0.133,P<0.01).The expression of E-selectin in pulmonary vascular increased significantly in high-,moderate-,and low-dose group(0.27±0.030,0.18±0.034,and 0.16±0.025,respectively)compared to that of the control group(0.07±0.023,P<0.01).The level of IL-8 in BALF was positively correlated with the expression of E-selectin in moderate-dose group(r=0.716,P<0.01). Conclusion Long-term smoking can result in high expressions of IL-8 and E-selectin in airw ay and induce airw ay inflammation and cause serious damage in bronchial lung tissue in rats.
Smoking and its influential factors of among middle school students in Chang’an district,Xi’an city
ZHU Ni, WANG Xue-liang, ZHU Hong-liang
2011, 27(8): 956-958. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-06
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Objective To explore the status and risk factors of smoking among middle school students in Chang'an district of Xi'an city. Methods By stratified cluster sampling,1 299 middle school students from 6 middle schools in Chang'an district were chosen and surveyed with a questionnaire. Results The total smoking rate was 16.7%(30.88%in the boys, 1.93%in the girls)with a statistical difference in gender(χ2=191.29,P<0.01).There were 45.32%of the respondents reporting an attempt to smoke because of the influence of their friends,family and classmates,and 70.43%reporting smoking when being depressed.The ratio of the respondents with negative attitude toward smoking behavior was 80%.Logistic regression showed that male,regarding smoking as an enjoyment were the risk factors of smoking,whereas regarding smoking as a bad habit could prevent the students from smoking. Conclusion Comprehensive smoking intervention program should be carried out in class,family and school,and the attitude toward smoking and the hazard of smoking are key points in health education.
2011, 27(8): 958-960. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-07
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2011, 27(8): 960-961. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-08
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2011, 27(8): 962-963. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-09
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2011, 27(8): 964-964. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-10
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2011, 27(8): 965-966. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-11
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HIV prevalence and its associated factors among 2074 men who have sex with men (MSM) in Liaoning province,China
CHU Zhen-xing, MA Ning, XU Jun-jie
2011, 27(8): 967-969. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-12
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Objective To examine HIV prevalence and risk of HIV secondary transmission among men who have sex with men in Liaoning province. Methods A face-to-face questionnaire interview was conducted among men who have sex with men(MSM)recruited wtih snow ball sampling method in 6 main cities of Liaoning province from April to June,2008. Blood specimens were collected for HIV and syphilis testing. Results A total of 2 074 MSM were recruited for the survey. The prevalence of HIV and syphilis was 4.8%(100/2 074)and 8.9%(184/2 074),respectively.Among the MSM,the average number of homosexual partners was 5.8 and the condom using rate during anal sex with regular male sexual partner, commercial sexual partner,and male casual sexual partner were 43.3%(899/2 074),65.0%(286/440),and 68.5% (1 421/2 074),respectively.The proportion of MSM who had female sexual partner was 51.6%(1071/2 074),in which 50.3%(294/585)used condom during intercourse with the last female sexual partner.Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that syphilis infection(odds ratio[OR]=4.6,95%confidence interval[CI]:2.3-9.2),inconsistent condom use during receptive anal sex(OR=2.8,95%CI:1.4-5.5),the munber of homosexual partners≥10(OR=2.0,95%CI:1.0-3.8), and education(OR=1.8,95%CI:1.0-3.3)were independent risk factors for HIV infection. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV and syphilis among the MSM in Liaoning province has reached a high level.High proportion of MSM had heterosexual partners and low condom using rate during their heterosexual intercourse.Effective behavioral intervention program should be carried out among the MSM to decrease the risk of HIV secondary transmission to general population by unprotected sexual behavior.
Influencing factors of pregnancy-related anxiety in first trimester of pregnancy
ZHAGN Jing-li, HAO Jia-hu, TAO Fang-biao
2011, 27(8): 969-971. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-13
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Objective To explore the influencing factors of pregnancy-related anxiety in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods We collected information on socio-demographic characteristics and environmental exposure among the pregnant women during 6 months of pre-pregnancy to the first trimester of pregnancy.The Pregnancy-related Anxiety Questionnaire was used to evaluate their mental health.Chi-square analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were performed to analyze the effect of socio-demographic and environmental factors on pregnancy-related anxiety. Results The rate of pregnancy-related anxiety was 23.2%(4 711/20 308)and the average score of the questionnaire was 20.57±5.04.Of the pregnant women younger than 25 years,28.4%had pregnancy-related anxiety.The pregnant women with the education of high school had the highest rate(27.0%).The pregnant women with rural residence had a higher rate(24.9%)than those with ruban residence registered.The results of stepwise multinomial regression analyses showed that factors significantly associated with pregnancy-related anxiety were smoking 6 months before the pregnancy(odds ratio[OR]=1.89,95% confidence interval[CI]:1.35-2.65),alcohol drinking 6 months before the pregnancy(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.18-2.75), stress from work in early pregnacy(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.94-2.65),and unplaned pregnacy(OR=2.23,95%CI:2.08-2.60). Conclusion The factors of environmental exposure from 6 month before pregnancy to early pregnancy could have bad impact on the mental health and cause pregnancy-related anxiety in pregnant women.
Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated in China by multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis
WANG Tao, QI Ting-na, LIU Kai
2011, 27(8): 972-974. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-14
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Objective To type the enterohemorrhagic Escherichi coli(E.coli)O157:H7 strains isolated in China by multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis(MLVA). Methods Seven variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR)loci were chosen.E.coli isolates were typed by PCR and capillary electrophoresis.A dendrogram was constructed by BioNumeries. Results The 135 strains of E.coli O157:H7 isolated in China from 1999 to 2002 were classified into three clusters(A,B,C)and 38 MLVA types.The percentages of cluster A,B,and C were 20.7%(28/135),23.7%(32/135),and 55.6%(75/135),respectively.The strains isolated in the same area shared a common MLVA type and the strains from an outbreak exhibited the same MLVA type. Conclusion The strains of E.coli O157:H7 isolated in China are genetic polymorphic.MLVA has a higher discriminative typing power and could contribute to better understanding of E.coli O157:H7 infection in epidemiologic investigation.
Effect of oxidative damage and apoptosis of different quantum dots on L929 cells
WANG Yi-qing, TANG Meng, ZHANG Ting
2011, 27(8): 975-977. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-15
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Objective To study the effects of different quantum dots(QDs)(CdSe particles of 2.2 nm and CdTe particles of 2.0 and 3.5 nm in diameter)on proliferation activity,oxidative damage,and apoptosis of L929 cells. Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay was applied to test the proliferation activities of L929 cells.Twenty-four hours after the treatment,malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione-peroxidase(GSH-Px),and hydroxy radical(·OH)in the cells were determined.The apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry. Results The 50%inhibitory concentrations(IC50)was 27.14μg/mL for 2.2 nm CdSe,28.28μg/mL for 2.0 nm CdTe,and 79.30μg/mL for 3.5nm CdTe,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in·OH and GSH-Px contents between two groups with different size QDs exposure at the dose of 14μg/mL(P<0.05).The apoptosis of each group at the dose of 14μg/mL had significant difference compared with that of the control group and there also was a significant difference between the groups with QDs exposure of different size of the same dose. Conclusion QDs can inhibit the proliferation and induce oxidative damage and apoptosis of L929 cells and the size of QDs is an important influential factor of cytotoxicity.
Discriminant analysis on clinical characteristics of Japanese encephalitis and bacterial meningitis
ZHU Yu-jia, QIN Qiong-feng, XU Chao-Yu
2011, 27(8): 977-979. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-16
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Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of bacterial meningitis and Japanese encephalitis(JE)for promoting the quality of the disease surveillance. Methods A surveillance system was established to capture the confirmed cases.Single factor analysis and discriminant analysis were conducted for 19 related indexes. Results A total of 535 suspected cases were evaluated in the surveillance,among which 38 and 23 cases were confirmed for JE and bacterial meningitis.Discriminant analyses yielded a JE confirmation rate of 84.21%(32/38)and a bacterial meningitis confirmation rate of 60.87%(14/23)with a total validation accuracy rate of 75.41%.Convulsion,change of cerebrospinal fluid appearance,elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein,and glucose reduction were clinical indicators of bacterial meningitis.Blood leukocyte count and neutrophil ratio in peripheral blood were of no significant diagnostic value. Conclusion The clinical diagnostic accuracy was not high and there were unreported cases for acute encephalitis syndrome and meningitis.
Hospitalization situation of farmer patients from different economic areas of Heilongjiang province in 2009
YAO Ye-xiang, CHEN Wei-min
2011, 27(8): 980-982. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-17
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Objective To examine the hospitalization situation of farmer patients from different economic areas of Heilongjiang province,and to analyze major influence factors of the famer patients'hospitalization. Methods Totally 9 740 rural residents were selected with cluster sampling for a questionnaire survey in 2009.The hospitalization rate,the cost of hospitalization,and the factors related to admission were analyzed with SPSS 12.0. Results The farmers from the areas with best economic status had the highest hospitalization rate of 7.14%.The hospitalization rates among male farmers from the areas of different economic level were significantly different(P<0.05).There were significant differences in reasons of no admission among different kinds of medical institutions(P<0.05).The financial difficulty was the main reason for no admission with the proportions of 71.67%,66.46%,and 58.08%among the farmer patients from low,moderate,and high economic level county.Among the farmer patients without hospitalization for essential treatment,there were 94(74.61%), 124(78.48%),and 111(67.68%)considering the price of the medicine being too high according to the low,moderate,and high economic level of their residential areas,respectively. Conclusion The farmers living with better economic conditions have a higher hospitalization rate,and financial difficulty and high price of medicine are major influence factors for farmer patients without necessary hospitalization in Heilongjiang province.
Identification of a novel gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and prediction for its structure and function
LU Ya-jun, FAN Zhi-gang
2011, 27(8): 982-984. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-18
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To identify the full length cDNA sequence encoding lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)from adult Spirometra erinaceieuropaei(S.e.)and to predict the structure and function of the protein. Methods Some online websites such as NCBI,EMBI,Expasy and a softw are packages Vector NTI were exploited to analyze the sequence bioinformatics, including the open reading frame(ORF),conserved structure and functional domain,multi-sequence homological alignment, phylogenetic analysis,topological prediction,homology modeling of tertiary structure,and antigenic epitope analysis. Results The target sequence had a full ORF,typical L-LDH structure domain,full conserved domain and polyA.It was confirmed as a full length cDNA encoding LDH of S.e.and then named as SeLDH(GU121968).The sequence encodes a protein of 338 amino acids with the predicted molecular weight of 36 028.6Da and isoelectric point of 6.38.Compared with the LDHs of Clonorchis sinensis,Schistosoma japonicum and human,the similarity of SeLDH is 60%,59%,and 55%,respectively.In the protein,5 transmembrane regions were found and 185-191aa,223-235aa,328-338aa of the 5 major epitopes were presented with significant difference compared to the same region of human LDH.There is only 1aa difference between epitope 104-111aa of SeLDH and that of human,which is an important function region containing 2 NAD binding sites and 1 substrate binding site and the key catalytic residue 112R is close to the region.Tertiary structure demonstrates that 104-111aa is on the surface of the protein and forms a substrate binding loop,three key catalytic sites and NAD,pyruvate binding sites formed a catalytic center near the loop. Conclusion The full length cDNA sequence of a novel gene SeLDH was obtained.The bioinformatics implies that SeLDH might be a transmembrane protein and an ideal molecule for immunodiagnosis,vaccine and drug reaction.
Prevalence of depression and its influential factors among only-child and non-only-child middle school students in Yunnan province
HUANG Ying, LI Yan, CHEN Gui-cun
2011, 27(8): 984-986. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-19
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression among only-child and non-only child middle school students in Yunnan province and to provide evidence for depression intervention. Methods Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Middle School Students Coping Style Scale,and a selfcompiled questionnaire were used to survey 12 206 students selected with multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling from 17 middle schools in 6 city,county or district in Yunnan province. Results The prevalence rate of depression in the onlychild students was 21.5%,which was lower than that of the non-only-child students(24.6%).Gender,free after school time,self-reported family income,study stress,and other life events were important factors affecting the prevalence of depression. Conclusion The mentl health status of non-only child middle school students in Yunnon province in not good and considerations should be paid to the students to promote their health condition.
Molecular epidemiologic analysis on confirmed pertussis cases
LIU Yong, HUANG Hai-tao, LIU Peng
2011, 27(8): 987-989. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-20
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Objective To examine the application of polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method in diagnosis of pertussis and to explore molecular epidemiological features of pertussis. Methods Totally 110 suspected pertussis cases were selected and their nasopharyngeal swabs were sampled at hospitals or community monitoring settings in Tianjin.Genetic screening of Bordetella pertussis gene was conducted with PCR and ELISA was used to detect specific pertussis toxin(PT)-IgG antibody. PTS1 subunit gene region in pertussis DNA positive samples was sequenced and analyzed. Results The PCR positive rate was 60%in 110 suspected pertussis cases and the PT-IgG antibody positive rate was 42.55%in 94 suspected pertussis cases.PCR positive rate was significantly higher than that of PT-IgG antibody(χ2=6.181,P=0.013).The PCR detection rate was significantly higher in the cases less than one year old than in the cases of other age groups.All DNA gene 19 Bordetella pertussis strains were closely related with a nucleotide homology of 99.88%.In the S1 subunit of PT region,amino acid 218 mutated from methionine(Met)to isoleucine(Iso)(Met218→Iso218). Conclusion PCR detection of clinical nasopharyngeal swab sample for diagnosis of pertussis is sensitive and convenient.The Bordetella pertussis prevalent in Tianjing is closely related in gene homology.
2011, 27(8): 989-990. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-21
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Health service demand and utilization among residents with New Rural Cooperative Medical and Health Service in Heilongjiang province
QIU Yong-qiang, BAI Li
2011, 27(8): 991-993. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-22
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Objective To explore the health service demand and utilization among the residents with the New Rural Cooperative Medical and Health Service(NRCMHS). Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was used to selecte 9 740 rural residents from 2 430 families for a face-to-face interview.The data was cleaned and analyzed by using SAS 8.1 softw are. Results The overall two-week disease prevalence of the residents was lower(13.53%)compared to that of national level and was significantly different among the residents in different counties and age groups.The two-week consultation rate was significantly different among the the residents in different counties(P<0.05).The major reason for non consultation within two weeks in the residents with illness was financial difficulties.The proportion of the patients not hospitalized for essential hospitalization treatment(79.22%)was significantly higher than that of the national level and was significantly different among the residents in different counties and with different familial economic condition. Conclusion The New Rural Cooperative Medical and Health Service needs and clinic utilization among the rural residents in Heilongjiang province was better than those of the national level,but hospitalization service utilization was significantly lower than that of the national level and related with the financial condition of the rural residents.
Silica-induced DNA damage in human embryo lung fibroblasts
LIU Hai-feng, LI Hui, ZHANG Qing-juan
2011, 27(8): 993-995. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-23
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Objective To study silica-induced DNA damage in human embryo lung fibroblasts(HELF)for pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment. Methods After exposed to silica,DNA double strand breaks of HELF were detected with immunofluorescence and neutral comet experiment and the micronucleus were detected with micronucleus test. Results The levels of γH2AX and Olive moments were increased significantly in dose-dependent manner after the HELF were treated with 0,100,200,and 400μg/ml silica,with the semi-quantitative values of 521.9±233.1,823.3±201.5,1375.5±311.5, and 1545.6±145.7 and 1.74±0.24%,2.67±0.36%,9.23±0.72%,and 14.16±1.05%,respectively.How ever,the micronucleus frequency was increased insignificantly compared with that of the control group. Conclusion Silica can induce DNA double strand breaks in human embryo lung fibroblasts.
Effect of resveratrol on expression of bcl-2,bax gene in nude mice with implanted human primary gastric carcinoma cells
ZHENG Guo-hua, WU Yi-lan, SHEN Hai-ying
2011, 27(8): 996-998. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-24
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Objective To explore the effect of resveratrol on the expression of bcl-2,bax gene in nude mice with implanted human primary gastric carcinoma cells with preventive administration of reserratrol. Methods The model of nude mice with the transplanted tumor was set up with the gastric cancer MGC-803 cell line.With preventive administration of resveratrol at low(50 mg/kg),moderate(100 mg/kg),and high dose(150 mg/kg),the effect of apoptosis in each group was observed with electron microscope and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfernase-mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining method.The expressions of mRNA and protein of bcl-2,bax gene were measured with reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)and immunohistochemical methods. Results Compared with the model group,the cell apoptosis was obvious in the groups with low,moderate and high does of resveratrol.The values of bcl-2/GAPD in the moderate and high dose groups were 0.26±0.072 and 0.24±0.083,respectively,lower than that of the model group(0.41±0.056,P<0.05).The values of bax/GAPD in the moderate and high dose groups were 1.31±0.11 and 1.47±0.089,respectively,higher than that of the model group(1.17±0.045,P<0.05).The expression of bcl-2 protein in the groups with resveratrol was obviously lower,but the bax protein was higher than those of the model group. Conclusion Resveratrol induces the apoptosis of implanted human primary gastric carcinoma cells in nude mice,and the mechanism may be related to the dow nregulation of the expression of bcl-2 gene and upregulation of the expression of bax gene.
Molecular typing of Bacillus cereus strains isolated from food
LIN Yi-man, SHI Xiao-lu, QIU Ya-qun
2011, 27(8): 998-999. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-25
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Objective To develop a molecular typing method of Bacillus cereus strain for tracing Bacillus cereus-induced food poisoning. Methods Totally 48 Bacillus cereus strains were isolated from outbreak or sporadic cases of food poisoning from 2000 through 2009 for the biological identification and biochemical typing.vrrA gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced.The results were analyzed with Bio-edit and MEGA analysis softw are. Results Forty-two strains were typed into 3 types known as type 2(34.04%),type 10(34.04%),and type 4(21.28%),while other 5 strains could not be typed by biochemical typing.Forty-seven strains were typed into 13 genotypes by molecular typing.Among the strains typed, MT13 is the main type(19 strains,40.43%);8(17.02%)strains are MT1,and 4(8.51%)strains are MT10. Conclusion vrrA gene could be used in the investigation of Bacillus cereus DNA molecular typing and could be considered as a polymorphism genetic marker of Bacillus cereus.
Influence of fluorine ion metabolism on fluorotic teeth formation
BAI Sheng-bin, FAN Shu-ling, LUO Xue-gang
2011, 27(8): 1000-1001. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-26
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Objective To examine the influence of fluorine ion metablism on the formation of fluorotic teeth by observ ations of the changes of urine fluorine,blood fluorine,fluorine in bone,and tooth slice after exposures to different concentrations of sodium fluoride in rat. Methods Wistar female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups which exposed to 0,25, 50,100,and 150 mg/L fluorine ion in drinking water for 6 months.The fluorine ion concentration of urine,blood,teeth,and bone were determined and the slice of teeth were observed with microscope. Results The increase of body weight weakened gradually after 8 weeks' exposure to fluorine ion of 150 mm/L with a significant difference compared with that of rats in contorl group(P<0.05).The contents of urine,bone and teeth fluorine increased significantly compared with those of the controls(P<0.05). Conclusion The occurrence and severity of fluorotic teeth were positively correlated with the time and dose of fluorine ion exposure.Urine,bone,and tooth fluorine and fluorotic teeth formation were positively correlated.No difinite relationship was observed between blood fluorine change and fiuorotic teeth formation.
Gene chip screen for gene expression in rat hippocampus after chronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene
TANG Qian, XIA Yin-yin, CHENG Shu-qun
2011, 27(8): 1002-1003. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-27
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Objective To investigate the effect of benzo(a)pyrene exposure on learning and memory of adult rats by determination of gene expression in the hippocampus. Methods Eighteen healthy male rats of clean class were randomly divided into toxic exposure and vehicle group.The gene chip technigue was adopted in gene expression profile analysis.The genes with significantly different expression were selected from differential genes and then analyzed with real-time PCR. Results Totally 417 genes exhibited differential expression between exposure group and vehicle group.The expression of 125 genes was up-regulated and 292 genes was dow n-regulated.The results of real-time PCR were coincided well with the cDNA microarray data. Conclusion The regulation of genes may be involved in the effect of benzo(a)pyrene on learning and memory in rat.
Effects of Rhodiola tibetica on lung tissue of rats with high altitude pulmonary edema
LI Wen-hua, LIU Zhong
2011, 27(8): 1004-1006. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-28
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Objective To observe the effects of Rhodiola tibetica(R.tibetica)on lung tissue of rats with high altitude pulmonary edema and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a(HIF-1a)in the rats. Methods Totally 50 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group,normal saline treatment group,R.tibetica acclimatization group at low altitude(in Xi'an area with the altitude of 5 meters),hypoxia group,and R.tibetica acclimatization group at high altitude(in Naqu area with the altitude of 4500 meters).The changes of lung tissue of the rats were observed with light and electron microscope.HIF-1 expression in lung tissue was detected with immunohistochemical method and HIF-1a mRNA in lung tissue was determined with reverse transcriplase-PCR(RT-PCR). Results Observations of microstructure and ultrastructure of lung tissues revealed obvious high altitude edema in hypoxia groups and the mitigated edema in R.tibetica acclimatization group was observed.The expression of HIF-1a mRNA of R.tibetica acclimatization group at high altitude was significantly higher than that of control group and hypoxia group(0.463±0.069 vs 0.231±0.037 and 0.219±0.047,P<0.001). Conclusion R.tibetica can increase the expression of HIF-1a mRNA in lung tissue and mitigate high altitude pulmonary edema in hypoxic rats.
Antagonism of selenium and manganese against fibroblast cell DNA damage induced by silicon dioxide
ZHOU Min, TAN Wei-jun
2011, 27(8): 1006-1007. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-29
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Objective To investigate the joint antagonism of manganese chloride and/or sodium selenite against DNA damage induced by silicon dioxide in lung cells of Chinese hamster. Methods Fibroblast cells were cultured with silica and manganese chloride(0.25,0.5 and 1.0 mg/L)and/or sodium selenite(0.5,1.0 and 2.0μmol/L).The damage was measured with comet assay. Results Manganese chloride and/or sodium selenite alone showed antagonism against DNA damage induced by silicon dioxide in lung cells of Chinses hamster.The most effective dosages were 1.0 mg/L of manganese chloride and 1.0 mg/L of sodium selenite for the combined antagonism of the two elements. Conclusion Manganese chloride and/or sodium selenite could reduce DNA damage induced by silicon dioxide in lung cells of Chinese hamster.
Effect of fluoride on expression of OSX mRNA and protein in bone tissue of rats
YANG Dan, YU Yan-ni, DENG Chao-nan
2011, 27(8): 1008-1009. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-30
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Objective To investigate the changes of mRNA and protein expressions of osterix(OSX)in the bone of rats with chronic fluorosis. Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(12 in each group with half male and half female):control group,low and high fluoride group.The fluoride groups exposed to sodium fluoride (low:NaF of 5 mg/L and high:NaF of 50 mg/L,respectively)added to the drinking water to produce the animal model of fluorosis.The expressions of OSX protein and OSX mRNA inside the distal femur of the rats with chronic fluorosis were detected by immunohistochemical technique and real-time quantitative PCR,respectively. Results Compared with the control group,mRNA and protein expressions of OSX were increased in low and high fluoride rats,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Fluoride might induce the mRNA and protein expressions of OSX,and the change of OSX may be involved in the increase of the bone turnover and be one of the the pathogenetic factors in fluorosis.
Effects of Toxoplasma gondii infections on behavior and free radicals in rats
ZHANG Zhi-hua, DUAN Xi-ling, YANG Xiao-hong
2011, 27(8): 1010-1012. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-31
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Objective To observe the change of the ability of learning and memory in the rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii)and to examine the contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malodialdehyde(MDA),and nitric oxide (NO)in peripheral blood and brain tissue of the rats. Methods Totally 48 male Wistar rats were randomly devided into a group with T.gondii infection and a control group without the infection.Suspension of T.gondii(2×107/ml,2ml)was injected intra-peritoneally into the rats in the experimental group.Then Morris water maze test was performed to observe the behavior changes of the rats at 1,2,4,8 week after the injecttion.The levels of SOD,MDA,and NO in the peripheral blood and brain tissue were tested. Results The average time and the average distance for the rats in test group was 31.1±1.6 s and 1 066±3.2 cm,and those of the control group were 19.6±2.8 s and 772.0±6.9 cm,with significant differences between the tow groups(P<0.05).The levels of SOD in peripheral blood and brain tissue were 91.2±8.3 U/mL and 78.9 ±3.2 U/mL for the rats of the test group and those of the control groups were 138.6±10.4 U/mL and 111.6±5.3 U/mL and those of the test group markedly decreased than the control group(P<0.05).The levels of MDA in peripheral blood and brain tissue of the test group were 22.1±1.3 nmol/mL and 7.8±2.0 nmol/mL,and those of the control group were 14.5±1.9 nmol/mL and 5.0±1.2 nmol/mL.The level of NO in peripheral blood and brain tissue of the test group were 21.5±3.1μmol/mL and 29.9±1.8μmol/mL,and those of the control group were 14.0±2.6μmol/mL,19.1±2.2 μmol/mL.Compared with the control group,the concentration of MDA and NO in the test group increased markedly (P<0.05). Conclusion Infection with T.gondii can induce harmful effects on the ability of learning and memory in rats obviously.In addition,T.gondii can induce the decrease of SOD and the increase of MDA and NO,which may be one of the mechanism of T.gondii-induced behavior change in rats.
Effect of curcumin on apoptosis and its mechanisms in SW872 adipocytes
DAI Ling, BAI Yu-na
2011, 27(8): 1012-1013. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-32
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Objective To explore the effect of curcumin on the apoptosis of SW872 adipocytes and the molecular mechanisms of the apoptosis. Methods The proliferation potential of SW872 preadipocytes and mature adipocytes treated with different concentrations of curcumin were evaluated by methyl thiazol tetrazolium(MTT)methods.The apoptosis of SW872 mature adipocytes were determined with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.Western blot was used to detect the expression of poly(ADP-ribolse)polymerase(PARP)cleavage and Bax. Results Curcumin could significantly inhibit the replication of SW872 preadipocytes in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Curcumin could inhibit the viability of SW872 mature adipocytes in a dose-and time-dependent manner.We observed nuclear shrinkage and deformation in SW872 mature adipocytes by DAPI staining.Curcumin could cause the increases in PARP cleavage and Bax expression in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Curcumin mediates adipocyte apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathw ay in SW872 adipocytes.
Effects of niacinamide on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
CHEN Si-fan, XIAO Xin-cai, ZHENG Lin
2011, 27(8): 1014-1015. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-33
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Objective To explore the effects of niacinamide(NAM)on proliferation and differentiation of murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured and treated with NAM and resveratrol(Res)in different dosages.Cell proliferation was analyzed with water soluble tetrazole(WST)-1 method.Oil red O staining method and spectrophotography were applied to analyze the degree of differentiation.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of silent information regulator 1(Sirt1),peroxisome proliferator activated receptorγ(PPARγ),and CCTTA enhancer binding proteinα (C/EBPα). Results After treated with NAM for 48 hours,compared with the control with or without Res treatment,the relative cell amount increased by 1.152 and 1.272 times and the relative fat content was 1.519 and 1.321 times;the protein levels of Sirt1,PPARγ,42KDa and 24KDa C/EBPαof NAM-treated and NAM+Res-treated groups were 0.381,2.107, 1.005,and 1.233 times and 0.421,2.226,2.031,and 1.544 times compared to those of control group. Conclusion NAM can enhance the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes,and the underlying mechanisms may include inhibiting expression of Sirt1 and increasing expression of PPARγand C/EBPα.
2011, 27(8): 1016-1017. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-34
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Effect of MK-801 on pain threshold and serum melatonin content in mice with amputation of tail extremity
LI Yu-fang, WU Min-fan, DAI Qiu-zhu
2011, 27(8): 1017-1018. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-35
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Objective To study the effect of N-methyl-d-aspartate(NMDA)receptor antagonist-MK-801 on pain threshold and serum melatonin content of the mice after amputation of tail extremity and to provide experimental data for the study on plastic changes in central nervous system after amputation. Methods The mice with amputated distal tail of 2.5cm were served as the experiment model of amputation.The latencies of the mice licking their hindpaw s on the hot plate (55±1℃)were recorded at 0.5 hr,1 hr,2 hr,3 hr,1 day,and 1 week after the amputation and were used as indexes of pain threshold.If the mice did not respond within 60 seconds,the mice were removed from the hot plate,and the latency was recorded as 60 s.MK-801 was injected via caudalis vein.The blood of the mice was obtained by cutting the heads after the hot plate experiment.The serum melatonin contents were measured with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Results Compared with that of control group(18.24±5.06 s,n=15)and before the amputation(18.40±5.42 s,n=15),the pain threshold was not obviously changed at 0.5 hr and 1 hr after the amputation(P>0.05),but was significantly increased at 2 hr(23.78±3.57,n=15,P<0.01),3 hr(22.42±6.71 s,n=15,P<0.05),and 1 day and 1 week after the amputation (P>0.05).Compared with that of the control group(155.750±61.577 pg/ml,n=10),the serum melatonin content 2 hr after the amputation was significantly decreased(82.207±19.871 pg/ml,n=9,P<0.05).The intravenous injection of MK-801 antagonized both the increase of pain threshold(15.41±7.00 s,n=9)and the decrease of serum melatonin content (131.783±36.637 pg/ml,n=7)2 hr after the amputation. Conclusion The results indicate that NMDA receptor is involved in the processes of the increase in pain threshold and the decrease in serum melatonin content induced by amputation in mice.
2011, 27(8): 1019-1020. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-36
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2011, 27(8): 1020-1020. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-37
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Expression of NF-κB related protein and mRNA in kidney of rats exposed to fluorine
DENG Chao-nan, YU Yan-ni, YANG Dan
2011, 27(8): 1021-1023. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-38
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Objective To explore the significance of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)related gene in the pathogenesis of the rats' kidney with chronic fluorosis. Methods Kidney cell apoptosis was detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL)and flow cytometry.Immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR)were used to detect the expressions of p50,p65,IκBαand Bcl-2,Bax protein and mRNA. Results The positive expressions of p50 and p65 in turbular epithelial cells were 134.65±9.71,113.62±10.49, 105.30±8.00 and 119.74±5.17,111.90±6.90,101.71±9.31 for the rats in control,low fluorine,and high fluorine group,and the numbers of positive nuclear were decreased with the fluorine concerntration,but the expressions of IκBαwere increased(152.67±3.36,155.75±3.37,156.29±3.78),wtih significant differences.Compared with the control group,the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased and Bax's was increased(P<0.05).The expressions of all the indicatos'mRNA in the kidney were the same as those of the protein.The apoptosis cells were increased with the fluorine concentration(P<0.05). There were correlations between p50,p65,IκBα and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax(r=0.696,r=0.720,r=-0.435,P<0.05). Conclusion The apoptosis of nephridial tubule epithelial cells caused by the reduction of NF-κB related gene is one of the pathogenesis in the kidney injury of chronic fluorosis in rats.
Relationship between healthy function and family care in hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease
ZHANG Hong-chen, WANG Pei-xi
2011, 27(8): 1023-1025. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-39
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Objective To explore the correlation between the loss of healthy function and family care in hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted by using Sickness Impact Profile(SIP)and Family APGAR index in 182 hospitalized patients with CHD. Results The total score of healthy function loss was 25.285±8.577;the score of physical function loss was 18.925±10.203,and the social-psychology function loss was 28.286±9.596.Logistic regression showed that the risk factors of the loss of overall healthy function were age,heart function, disease severity,and family care with the odds ratios of 1.278,10.839,25.874,and 0.380,respectively.The patients with family dysfunction accounted for 47.2%of all patients.The loss of healthy function was negatively correlated with the family care(r=-0.355,P<0.05). Conclusion The healthy function of hospitalized patients with CHD was closely related to family care.It is important to improve family care for keeping the physiological-psychological-social function of the patients.
Analysis on requirement of feasible health technology in rural area of Henan province
ZONG Shang-gang, WANG Chong-jian, LI Li
2011, 27(8): 1026-1027. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-40
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Objective To explore the requirement of feasible health technology and related training among rural medical institutions and to provide reference for scientific screening and standardized training of feasible health technology. Methods Totally 158 doctors working in rural medical institutions were interviewed face-to-face using typical sampling method in two project counties of Henan province. Results For all respondents,93.04%expected feasible health technology to be promoted in local area and 98.73%were willing to obtain some new feasible health technology.The popularization on hypertension treatment program and establishment on hypertension control network for rural medical institution were selected by 15.82%of the respondents as the preferred feasible health technique.At the same time,a strong requirement for training was found in the rural medical institutions. Conclusion Scientific screening is the foundation to ensure the effectiveness of popularization and application of feasible health technology in rural area and feasibility is the key to the screening of health technology.
Distribution characteristics and epidemiological significance of hepatitis B marker serological model in health examinees of Zhejiang province
YU Xiao-zhong, ZHU Chen, ZHANG Shu-yun
2011, 27(8): 1027-1029. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-41
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Objective To study hepatitis B marker distribution model in the people receiving health examination. Methods The hepatitis B markers(HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe,anti-HBc)and liver function were detected in 21 035 people receiving health examination. Results The positive rate of HBsAg for positive model was 7.21% (1 517/21 035).The positive rate of anti-HBs was 42.05%and the positive rate for hepatitis B virus-marker(HBV-M) negative model was 42.17%.The HBsAg,anti-HBc,and anti-HBe positive rates in the male were higher than those in the female(P<0.01).The anti-HBs,anti-HBc,anti-HBe,and anti-HBc positive rates in the female were significantly higher than those in the male(P<0.01).HBsAg,HBeAg and anti-HBc positive rates were decreased with age in the male and female(P<0.01)and the anti-HBc positive rate was increased with the increment of age(P<0.01).The level of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the HBsAg positive model group were higher than those in HBV-M negative model group(P<0.01). Conclusion The positive rate of HBsAg was 7.21%in health examinees in Zhejiang province and the HBsAg positive model was the major model of abnormal liver function.The ability of eliminating HBV in the female was better than that in the male.The main model of HBV-M was anti-HBs positive and HBV-M negative model.The vaccination for HBV should be promoted for the HBV-M negative model to control HBV infection.
Pre-pregnant health care utilization and its determinants among rural women of child-bearing age
DU Min-xia, REN Li-hua, YAO Gui-ying
2011, 27(8): 1030-1032. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-42
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Objective To explore the utilization of pre-pregnant health care and its determinants among rural women of child-bearing age. Methods With multiple stage sampling method,1 227 rural women of child-bearing age were selected and surveyed to collect information about utilization of pre-pregnant health care. Results The proportion of the women who utilized pre-pregnant health care was 37.5%.The utilizing proportion of gynecological examination,leucorrhea check,blood type check,blood routine examination,ultrasound check,pathogen check includling Toxoplasma gondii,rebella virus,cytomegalovirus,and herpes simplex virus,maternal and child transmitted diseases check(hepatitis,syphilis,AIDs),and chromosome check was 36.6%,35.4%,30.1%,31.5%,28.4%,24.0%,19.2%,and 1.2%,respectively.The results of logistic regression showed that the utilization of pre-pregnant health care was significantly affected by age,income,medical insurance,availability of medical service,cognition of pre-pregnant health care,and know ledge and acquirability of pre-pregnant health care among the women(P<0.05). Conclusion The rate of utilizing pre-pregnant health care among rural women of child-bearing age is low.Demographic factors,know legde,cognition and acquirability of pre-pregnant health-care are determinants of pre-pregnant health care utilization among the women.
Nutritional knowledge,attitude and behavior among physical education teachers in universities
ZHOU Wei
2011, 27(8): 1032-1033. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-43
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Objective To investigate the status of nutrition knowledge,attitude,and behavior and its influencing factors among physical education(PE)teachers in universities for nutritional education in the teachers. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was adopted to carry out a survey with cluster sampling among 180 PE teachers from 8 universities to explore nutritional know ledge,attitude and behavior of the teachers. Results The ratios of the teachers with excellent nutritional know ledge,attitude and behavior were 18.9%,61.9%,and 16.4%,respectively.The average score for nutritional know ledge was 20.60±3.09,with a qualified rate of 69.7%.The average score for nutritional attitude was 4.99±0.34 and that for nutritional behavior was 10.96±1.00.There were 82.4%of the teachers considering to change bad dietary behavior, 73.5%concerning about their body weight,93.6%realizing the importance of nutritional know ledg,and 76.4%reporting the deficient nutritional know lege for teaching and daily life. Conclusion The nutritional attitude is generally good,but the nutritional know ledge and the behavior needs to be improved among university PE teachers in Chengdu city.
Awareness of HIV/AIDS and infections of HIV,syphilitis and hepatitis C among sex workers of different nationalities in frontier trade area,Guangxi province
NONG Li-ping, HE Bo, LI Bing
2011, 27(8): 1034-1036. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-44
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Objective To explore the awareness and high risk bebavior of HIV/AIDS and the prevalences of human immunodefficiency virus(HIV),syphilis,hepatitis C among sex workers of different nationdlities in frontier trade area in order to provide basis for intervention of the diseases. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out based on the scheme of National HIV Comprehensive Sentinel Site Surveillance.Serum samples were tested for HIV,syphilis,and hepatitis C. Results Totally 262 sex workers took part in the survey and 244 blood samples were collected.Among 177 Chinese sex workers,the average age was 33 years,mainly ranging from 20 to 45 years old,and most of them were married (65.54%)and from other provinces(61.58%).The education level of the sex workers was mainly junior school or lower. For the 85 Vietnamese sex workers,the average age was 25 years old and 64.71%of them were younger than 24 years old and 62.35%of them were single with the education level of junior school or higher.The rate of correct answers to 6 items in the questionnaire was 99.62%and the rate of "mosquito bite could not transmit HIV" was very low.Condom use rates among Chinese sex workers in the last sex a and last month were lower than those of among Vietnamese sex workers with significant differences(χ2=20.24,P<0.01;χ2=32.44,P<0.01).Of the Chinses sex workers,3.39%used durg.The infection rates of HIV,syphilis,and hepatitis C were 0.41%,1.64%,and 0.82%,respectively. Conclusion The rate of correct answer to "mosquito bite could not transmit HIV" is very low among the sex workers.Condom use rate among Chinese sex worders is low.There were drug users and HIV,syphilis,hepatitis C infections among Chinese sex workers.
Hypertension konwledge,attitude,beliefs,and practice(KABP) among rural residents of Zhongshan city
YANG Hua-jie, ZHOU Zhi-heng, WANG Jia-ji
2011, 27(8): 1036-1037. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-45
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Objective To explore the KABP of hypertension among rural community residents and the drug treatment of hypertensives for community comprehensive prevention and treatment of hypertention. Methods In a town of Zhongshan city,2 639 inhabitants aged 18 years and above from 800 households in five production teams of four villages were randomly selected and investigated with a questionnaire. Results Among the subjects,the prevalence of hypertension was 8.15%. The hypertension patients had average years of alcohol drinking and smoking of 39.3 and 41.2.The participants had rare source of getting health related know ledge.Up to 77.2%of the hypertension patients did not know the diagnostic criteria of hypertension.Among the 202 hypertension patients with drug treatment,the main reasons for rejection or irregulation of the drug treatment were "forgetting medication"(69.0%)and "adverse effect of the drug"(50.0%). Conclusion More works should be done to improve the KABP of hypertension among rural community residents and to standardize the management of hypertension.Health education and promotion should be strengthened among the residents to change their unhealthy lifestyle and behavioral pattern.
Relationship between sub-health status and occupational stress among doctors and nurses
WU Si-ying, LI Huang-yuan, WANG Xiao-rong
2011, 27(8): 1038-1039. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-46
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Objective To evaluate the sub-health status and to explore the relationship between occupational stress and sub-health status among doctors and nurses. Methods The sample consisted of 925 doctors and 408 nurses selected with stratified cluster sampling.The occupational stress was measured with Occupation Stress Inventory Revised Edition(OSI-R) and the sub-healthy status was measured with physical examination and a self-designed questionnaire. Results The prevalence of sub-healthy status in the doctors was 66.9%and was significantly higher than that in the nurses(59.8%, P<0.05).The total scores of occupational roles questionnaire(146.77±20.14)and personal strain questionnaire (89.32±19.10)in the doctors were significantly higher than those in the nurses(141.03±21.17,86.83±20.01, P<0.05),whereas the total score of personal resources questionnaire(123.39±16.89)was significantly lower than that in the nurses(125.45±17.03,P<0.05).The main occupational stress factors related to sub-health status among the doctors were physical strain,psychological strain,role boundary,role overload,role insufficiency,and unsuitable working environment.The main occupational stress factors related to sub-health status among the nurses were physical strain,psychological strain,role insufficiency,and unsuitable working environment. Conclusion Occupational stress is an important risk factor for sub-health status among doctors and nurses.
Sport injury among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen city:a retrospective study
LING Qing-qiong, WANG Feng-juan, ZHOU Li
2011, 27(8): 1040-1042. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-47
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Objective To study the characteristics of sports injuries among primary and middle school students and to provide related preventive measures. Methods A retrospective survey on injuries during previous one year was conducted among 3 600 primary and middle school students selected by means of stratified cluster sampling in Shenzhen city. Results The incidence of sports injuries was 21.61%.The injury incidence of third grade students(9.62%)was lower than that of other grades.The boys had a higher injury incidence than girls(23.93%vs 18.40%),the only-child higher than the non-only-child(26.43% vs 18.24%),and the children from temporary household higher than the permanent residential children (24.07%vs 18.53%).Running,playing basketball and soccer,and skating/skateboard were the main sports causing injuries.The students reported 1 536 absenses of class,4 994 days of activity limitation,and 66 460 RMB yuan of medical expenses due to the injuries.Classification tree analysis showed that playing was the most important risk factor and the boys who liked playing and imitation or mischief were at a higher risk of injury. Conclusion The rate of sport injuries among school children in Shenzhen city is high.Safe management and education should be strengthened in order to prevent injuries among the school children.
Relationship between PGF2α and primary dysmenorrhea in female middle school students
YANG Ji-hong, CHEN Ying, HU Jia-zhen
2011, 27(8): 1042-1043. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-48
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Objective To study the relationship between primary dysmenorrhea and prostaglandin(PGF )concentration of peripheral blood in students in menstrual period. Methods A total of 241 students in menstrual period randomly selected from 1 155 female middle school students were divided into<48 hours dysmenorrhea group,≥48 hours dysmenorrhea group,<48 hours without dysmenorrhea group,and≥48 hours without dysmenorrhea group.PGF concentrations in their peripheral blood were determined. Results The PGFlevels in the students of<48 hours dysmenorrhea group were significantly higher than those of the other students(P<0.01).There were significant differences in PGF level between ≥48 hours dysmenorrhea group and≥48 hours without dysmenorrhea group(P<0.01)and between the two groups without dysmenorrhea(P<0.01). Conclusion There is a significant relationship between PGF of menstrual period and primary dysmenorrheal,but dysmenorrhea symptoms may closely relate to the concentration of PGF.
Job satisfaction and relevant factors among village health personnel in Puan county
HU Jian, WU Biao, LI Kong-zhang
2011, 27(8): 1044-1046. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-49
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Objective To explore the level of job satisfaction among village health personnel(VHP)and to analyze relevant factors of job satisfaction at Puan county,Guizhou province. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a self-administered questionnaire among 149 VHP in January 2010 at Puan county,Qianxi'nan autonomous prefecture of Buyi and Miao minorities,Guizhou province. Results The score of general job satisfaction was 3.44±0.62.The score of welfare and income,working condition,and job characteristics was 2.76±0.76,2.92±0.80,and 3.32±0.70,respectively, which were lower than the score of general job satisfaction(P<0.01).The general job satisfaction could be predicted by working load,training chance,position promotion,medical service compensation criterion,VHP medical insurance,village clinic medicine,and working performance,with the crude coefficients of 0.16,0.21,0.19,0.12,0.12,0.08,and 0.09 (P<0.01),respectively.Training chance,supervisor reward,social security,job fulfillment,income,and gender had obvious effects on the general job satisfaction,with the odds ratios of 32.48,31.70,8.20,5.72,5.55,and 4.32,respectively.The Cox and Snell R2 was 0.53 and the modelχ2 was 112.26(P<0.01). Conclusion The level of general job satisfaction is low for VHP.The general job satisfaction is influenced by training chance,supervisor reward,social security,job fulfillment, income,and gender.
2011, 27(8): 1046-1047. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-50
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Prevalence of chronic disease among empoloyees in Changqing Oilfield
HU Qing, ZHANG Bai-ning, JIA Zhen-yu
2011, 27(8): 1047-1048. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-51
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Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic disease among employees of Changqing Oilfield. Methods A survey on disease history and a physical examination were conducted among 24 556 employees in divisions of Longdong,Shaanbei,and Xi'an of Changqing during June 2008-July 2009.The prevalences of abnormal serum lipid,fatty liver, hypertension,diabetes,and coronary heart disease among the employees were analyzed. Results The prevalence of abnormal serum lipid,fatty liver,hypertension,diabetes,and coronary heart disease was 22.3%(5 476),16.0%(3 929),13.4% (3 284),4.0%(993),and 5.7%(1 397),respectively,among the subjects. Conclusion The total prevalence of chronic diseases is high among the employees of Changqing Qilfield.
Infection and risk factors of hepatitis E in different populations
QIU Jia-jun, ZHANG Qing-dong, YAO Tong
2011, 27(8): 1049-1051. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-52
Abstract(1506) HTML (235) PDF 338KB(46)
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Objective To describe the infection rate of hepatitis E virus(HEV)among livestock workers and the general population in Yangzhong city and to explore the risk factors of HEV infection. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the population of veterinarian,salesman,slaughter,large-scale animal husbandry,livestock rearing and other practitioner,and general population.Serum HEV antibodies was tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of HEV infection. Results Nine out of 947 subjects were anti-HEV IgM positive(0.95%)and 539 out of 947 were anti-HEV IgG positive(56.9%).Livestock salesman had the highest infection rate(80.6%),followed by the population of rearing(79.3%),veterinarians(75.9%),slaughtering(72.7%), and breeding(65%).The infection rate of HEV among the general population was only 39.0%.Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that poultry treatment,sale,slaughter,large-scale livestock raising,livestock rearing and other professional practitioners,without frequent hand washing,and eating out increased the risk of HEV infection.HEV infection rate decreased in the population with high education and without washing vegetables with river water. Conclusion Cutting off animal-contact transmission and promoting good health habits are effective measures for the preventoin of hepatitis E.
2011, 27(8): 1051-1052. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-53
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Serologic survey on influenza A(H1N1) 2009 in Hainan province
ZENG Zhao-chang, QIU Li, ZENG Xiang-jie
2011, 27(8): 1054-1056. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-54
Abstract(1209) HTML (191) PDF 351KB(31)
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Objective To understand the infection status of influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus and its epidemic trend in the post-peak phase of the pandemic among the population in Hainan province,2009. Methods Serum specimens were collected from outpatients in hospitals and volunteers in blood donation center between December 2009 and January to March 2010 in Haikou city,and tested with hemagglutination-inhibition(HI)assays.Rates of protective antibody against influenza A(H1N1)2009 were estimated. Results For the five batches samples,the rates of protective antibody against influenza A (H1N1)2009 were 10.50%,16.06%,31.35%,23.16%,and 38.02%,respectively,showing a rising tendency with time (linear-by-linear association,χ2=81.17,P<0.05).Except the age group of 0-5 years,the antibody positive rates of 6-17,18-55,and≥56 years age groups increased with the time(χ2=4.22,P>0.05;χ2=21.25,P<0.05;χ2=39.05, P<0.05;χ2=26.85,P<0.05).And the age group of 6-17 years had the highest positive rate among the four age groups. Conclusion The influenza A(H1N1)2009 epidemic reached its peak in Hainan province during October to November 2009.After the peak,the antibody level against influenza A(H1N1)2009 increased gradually.Till March 2010,an immune barrier of population had formed initially,indicating that the epidemic might maintain at a low level for a certain period of time.People aged 6-17 years had the highest infection rate among all age groups.
2011, 27(8): 1056-1057. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-55
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2011, 27(8): 1058-1058. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-56
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2011, 27(8): 1059-1060. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-57
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2011, 27(8): 1060-1061. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-58
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2011, 27(8): 1062-1064. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-59
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2011, 27(8): 1064-1065. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-60
Abstract(962) HTML (157) PDF 269KB(42)
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Effect of integrative traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine intervention on patients with type 2 diabetes and co-morbid depression in community
LIU Yu, QIN Yue-lan, HE Guo-ping
2011, 27(8): 1066-1068. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-61
Abstract(1285) HTML (200) PDF 365KB(64)
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Objective To explore the effects of integrative traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine intervention on quality of life(QOL),depression symptom,and main biochemical parameters among the patients with type 2 diabetes melltius(T2DM)comorbid depression in community. Methods Totally 130 patients with T2DM and comorbid depression were divided into three groups randomly.The integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine group(n=43)received routine community health nursing and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),including Qigong.Baduanjin,ear acupressure, and TCM diebetic therapy.The community health care group(n=44)received routine community health nursing.The control group(n=43)received guidance from the doctor in consulting room of community hospital only.QOL(quality of life scale for patients with T2 DM,DMQLS)and depression(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)of the three groups were evaluated at baseline and 6th and 12th week of the imtervention. Results At 12th week, the total score,psychlological domain and satisfaction domain score in DMQLS of integrative TCM and western medicine group were higher than those of community health care group and control group(F=13.528,17.892,8.899,P<0.001). The SDS score of integrative TCM and western medicine group was lower than that of community health care group and control group(F=10.419,P<0.001).HbA1c of integrative TCM and western medicine group was lower than that of control group(F=3.159,P<0.05).Compared with the baseline,HbA1c of integrative TCM and western medicine group was lower at 12th week(t=4.731,P<0.001). Conclusion Among the patients with T2DM and comorbid depression, integrative TCM and western medicine community health care can promote their QOL and relieve their depression symptoms as well as stabilize their blood glucose.
2011, 27(8): 1069-1070. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-62
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2011, 27(8): 1071-1071. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-63
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2011, 27(8): 1072-1072. doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-08-64
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