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RSS2014 Vol. 30, No. 8
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2014, 30(8): 981-985.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-01
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Abstract:
Objective To investigate the knowledge about AIDS and the ability and behavior of condom use among migrant populations in Beijing city.Methods Between May and June 2010,stratified multi-stage random cluster sampling was used to select 1 498 migrant persons aged 16-69 years from construction companies,restaurants,hotels,entertainment places,and pedlars' markets in Chaoyang district of Beijing city.Data were collected through a test for behavior of condom use and a self-designed questionnaire about demographic characteristics,AIDS-related knowledge and frequency of condom use.Results The AIDS awareness rate of the participants was 65.98%(987/1 496).Among the participants,72.03%(1 079/1 498)knew that the person who was infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)could not be recognized from the appearance and 72.90%(1 092/1 498)knew that mosquito bites could not transmit HIV.The ratio of the participants having sexual intercourse was 85.65%(1 283/1 498),among whom only 191 used condom every time during sexual intercourse.Only 26.04%(390/1 498)of the participants could use condom correctly,and 39.32%(589/1 498)could properly clarify that the rolled-up ridge of the condom needed to be on the outside and holding correctly the bulb at the end of condom to make sure there was no air trapped inside.Logistic regression analyses showed that the influencing factors of condom use included age,education level,AIDS awareness,and the ability of condom use.Conclusion Migrant populations in Beijing city have a high risk to take unsafe sexual intercourse and more health interventions are needed to enhance the awareness of AIDS and the ability of condom use.
Objective To investigate the knowledge about AIDS and the ability and behavior of condom use among migrant populations in Beijing city.Methods Between May and June 2010,stratified multi-stage random cluster sampling was used to select 1 498 migrant persons aged 16-69 years from construction companies,restaurants,hotels,entertainment places,and pedlars' markets in Chaoyang district of Beijing city.Data were collected through a test for behavior of condom use and a self-designed questionnaire about demographic characteristics,AIDS-related knowledge and frequency of condom use.Results The AIDS awareness rate of the participants was 65.98%(987/1 496).Among the participants,72.03%(1 079/1 498)knew that the person who was infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)could not be recognized from the appearance and 72.90%(1 092/1 498)knew that mosquito bites could not transmit HIV.The ratio of the participants having sexual intercourse was 85.65%(1 283/1 498),among whom only 191 used condom every time during sexual intercourse.Only 26.04%(390/1 498)of the participants could use condom correctly,and 39.32%(589/1 498)could properly clarify that the rolled-up ridge of the condom needed to be on the outside and holding correctly the bulb at the end of condom to make sure there was no air trapped inside.Logistic regression analyses showed that the influencing factors of condom use included age,education level,AIDS awareness,and the ability of condom use.Conclusion Migrant populations in Beijing city have a high risk to take unsafe sexual intercourse and more health interventions are needed to enhance the awareness of AIDS and the ability of condom use.
2014, 30(8): 985-987.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-02
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Objective To examine public health service needs and their related factors among rural residents in Hebei province,and to provide a basis for making relevant policies.Methods With random stratified sampling and survey with a self-designed questionnaire about public health service need,847 rural residents were selected and investigated.Results The need for vaccination service ranked the highest(95.87%),followed by medical service(87.96%);the need for toilet improvement and garbage treatment was the lowest (61.75%).The results of Chi-square test showed that the public health service needs were significantly different among the residents of different gender,age,educational level,monthly income,marital quality,and chronic disease history(P<0.05).Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that female gender (odds ratio[OR]=1.476,P=0.004)and at age of 45-59 years(OR=3.262，P=0.000)were protective predictors of public health service needs among the residents(P<0.05).Conclusion The public health service need among rural residents in Hebei province is at a high level.The public health agencies should make health service policies according to populations of different gender and age.
Objective To examine public health service needs and their related factors among rural residents in Hebei province,and to provide a basis for making relevant policies.Methods With random stratified sampling and survey with a self-designed questionnaire about public health service need,847 rural residents were selected and investigated.Results The need for vaccination service ranked the highest(95.87%),followed by medical service(87.96%);the need for toilet improvement and garbage treatment was the lowest (61.75%).The results of Chi-square test showed that the public health service needs were significantly different among the residents of different gender,age,educational level,monthly income,marital quality,and chronic disease history(P<0.05).Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that female gender (odds ratio[OR]=1.476,P=0.004)and at age of 45-59 years(OR=3.262，P=0.000)were protective predictors of public health service needs among the residents(P<0.05).Conclusion The public health service need among rural residents in Hebei province is at a high level.The public health agencies should make health service policies according to populations of different gender and age.
2014, 30(8): 988-990.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-03
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Objective To explore the health-promoting lifestyle and its determinants among rural residents in Hebei province.Methods With stratified random sampling,847 rural resident were selected from 20 villages in 10 counties and surveyed with a health-promoting lifestyle scale and a self-designed questionnaire.Descriptive statistics,t-test,analysis of variance(ANOVA) and stepwise multiple regression were used for statistical analysis with SPSS 13.0 statistical program.Results The standardized health-promoting lifestyle score was 55.18.The highest score was observed on the domain of self-actualization(standardized score=63.83),followed by interpersonal support(standardized score=62.07),and the lowest was physical activities(standardized score=43.94) and health responsibility(standardized score=41.36).T-test and ANOVA results showed that the health promoting behaviors in the population were significantly different among the residents with diverse age,educational level,occupation,chronic disease history,work pressure,and living conditions(P<0.05).Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that age,occupation and history of chronic illnesses were predictors of health-promoting lifestyle among the residents(P<0.05).Conclusion The health-promoting lifestyle among rural residents in Hebei province is at a midium level.Effective health-promoting strategies should be proposed according to populations with different age,occupation and choronic disease history.
Objective To explore the health-promoting lifestyle and its determinants among rural residents in Hebei province.Methods With stratified random sampling,847 rural resident were selected from 20 villages in 10 counties and surveyed with a health-promoting lifestyle scale and a self-designed questionnaire.Descriptive statistics,t-test,analysis of variance(ANOVA) and stepwise multiple regression were used for statistical analysis with SPSS 13.0 statistical program.Results The standardized health-promoting lifestyle score was 55.18.The highest score was observed on the domain of self-actualization(standardized score=63.83),followed by interpersonal support(standardized score=62.07),and the lowest was physical activities(standardized score=43.94) and health responsibility(standardized score=41.36).T-test and ANOVA results showed that the health promoting behaviors in the population were significantly different among the residents with diverse age,educational level,occupation,chronic disease history,work pressure,and living conditions(P<0.05).Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that age,occupation and history of chronic illnesses were predictors of health-promoting lifestyle among the residents(P<0.05).Conclusion The health-promoting lifestyle among rural residents in Hebei province is at a midium level.Effective health-promoting strategies should be proposed according to populations with different age,occupation and choronic disease history.
2014, 30(8): 991-993.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-04
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Objective To investigate the community health service demand among community residents in Wuhan city,and to provide a scientific basis for promoting health service in community residents.Methods Using cross-sectional investigation method,2 026 residents in 10 communities were investigated.Results The average body mass index of male residents was 23.13±2.57 and that of the female was 20.83±2.42.The overweight and obesity rate of the community residents was 32.7%.Investigation on demand of community health service showed that 38.4% of the community residents asking for chronic disease prevention service,19% for health examination and health management,and 17% for health education.The health care needs of the community residents were disease prevention knowledge(44.9%),healthy life knowledge(16.6%) and healthy diet knowledge(12.7%).The pattern of the health education the residents selected were expert lecture(32.5%),face-to-face consultation(30.5%),and reading health education materials(18.2%).The family health services the residents hoped to accept were home health care(37%),health promotion(22.3%),and dietary nutrition(21.1%).Conclusion The demand of community health service among community residents in Wuhan city is multidimentional,suggesting that the development of community health service project,health care information,health education,and family health service should be strengthened.
Objective To investigate the community health service demand among community residents in Wuhan city,and to provide a scientific basis for promoting health service in community residents.Methods Using cross-sectional investigation method,2 026 residents in 10 communities were investigated.Results The average body mass index of male residents was 23.13±2.57 and that of the female was 20.83±2.42.The overweight and obesity rate of the community residents was 32.7%.Investigation on demand of community health service showed that 38.4% of the community residents asking for chronic disease prevention service,19% for health examination and health management,and 17% for health education.The health care needs of the community residents were disease prevention knowledge(44.9%),healthy life knowledge(16.6%) and healthy diet knowledge(12.7%).The pattern of the health education the residents selected were expert lecture(32.5%),face-to-face consultation(30.5%),and reading health education materials(18.2%).The family health services the residents hoped to accept were home health care(37%),health promotion(22.3%),and dietary nutrition(21.1%).Conclusion The demand of community health service among community residents in Wuhan city is multidimentional,suggesting that the development of community health service project,health care information,health education,and family health service should be strengthened.
2014, 30(8): 994-997.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-05
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Objective To evaluate the effects of intervention on knowledge about major infectious diseases among residents in pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia and to provide a basis for developing health education intervention strategy for infectious diseases in pastoral areas.Methods Surveys were conducted among 1 022 residents in Inner Mongolia before and after an intervention programme with multistage stratified random sampling.Results After the intervention,the awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis,tuberculosis(TB) and hepatitis B were improved from 69.0%,82.0% and 48.6% to 52.7%,82.9% and 63.8% and the awareness rates of knowledge about brucellosis and hepatitis B were improved significantly after the intervention(P<0.001);however,there was no difference in the awareness rate of knowledge about TB.The awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis and hepatitis B were improved significantly among the residents of different age and education level(P<0.01 or P<0.001).The increasing rate the of awareness among the residents aged 40-54 years and being illiterate were the biggest,with the increased rates from 29.4% and 48.0% to 59.8% and 63.8%,respectively.Both before and after the intervention,there was a trend for the awareness rate increasing with educational level,but the extent of the increase decreased with educational level after the intervention.Conclusion Comprehensive intervention can improve the knowledge about brucellosis and hepatitis B prevention among the residents in pastoral areas effectively,especially in populations of middle-aged and with low education.
Objective To evaluate the effects of intervention on knowledge about major infectious diseases among residents in pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia and to provide a basis for developing health education intervention strategy for infectious diseases in pastoral areas.Methods Surveys were conducted among 1 022 residents in Inner Mongolia before and after an intervention programme with multistage stratified random sampling.Results After the intervention,the awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis,tuberculosis(TB) and hepatitis B were improved from 69.0%,82.0% and 48.6% to 52.7%,82.9% and 63.8% and the awareness rates of knowledge about brucellosis and hepatitis B were improved significantly after the intervention(P<0.001);however,there was no difference in the awareness rate of knowledge about TB.The awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis and hepatitis B were improved significantly among the residents of different age and education level(P<0.01 or P<0.001).The increasing rate the of awareness among the residents aged 40-54 years and being illiterate were the biggest,with the increased rates from 29.4% and 48.0% to 59.8% and 63.8%,respectively.Both before and after the intervention,there was a trend for the awareness rate increasing with educational level,but the extent of the increase decreased with educational level after the intervention.Conclusion Comprehensive intervention can improve the knowledge about brucellosis and hepatitis B prevention among the residents in pastoral areas effectively,especially in populations of middle-aged and with low education.
2014, 30(8): 998-1001.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-06
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Objective To explore the utilization of public health services and its influencing factors among migrant workers in Beijing.Methods With multistage stratified cluster sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 002 migrant workers in Beijing.Results Among the migratnt workers,778(77.64%) were more than 15 years old,of which,4.2% ever took lectures on health education,60.5% knew that they could take five vaccines free of charge,and 26.3%knew nothing about AIDS transmission.The antenatal care(ANC) and the rate of post-partum home visit were 76.6% and 32.1% among the female migrant workers.The rate of establishing immunization card among the children of migrant workers was 97.5%.There were significant differences in the utilization of public health services among the migrant workers with different age,average annual family income,education level,job type in Beijing,dwelling time in Beijing,working hours per day and self-evaluated health status(P<0.05 for all).The results of logistic regression indicated that average annual family income(odds ratio[OR]=1.165),age(OR=0.974),dwelling time in Beijing(OR=1.176),job type in Beijing(OR=1.828),and working hours per day(OR=0.788 )were the main factors influencing the utilization of public health services among the migrant workers.Conclusion Migrant workers in Beijing failed to make full use of the public health services.
Objective To explore the utilization of public health services and its influencing factors among migrant workers in Beijing.Methods With multistage stratified cluster sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 002 migrant workers in Beijing.Results Among the migratnt workers,778(77.64%) were more than 15 years old,of which,4.2% ever took lectures on health education,60.5% knew that they could take five vaccines free of charge,and 26.3%knew nothing about AIDS transmission.The antenatal care(ANC) and the rate of post-partum home visit were 76.6% and 32.1% among the female migrant workers.The rate of establishing immunization card among the children of migrant workers was 97.5%.There were significant differences in the utilization of public health services among the migrant workers with different age,average annual family income,education level,job type in Beijing,dwelling time in Beijing,working hours per day and self-evaluated health status(P<0.05 for all).The results of logistic regression indicated that average annual family income(odds ratio[OR]=1.165),age(OR=0.974),dwelling time in Beijing(OR=1.176),job type in Beijing(OR=1.828),and working hours per day(OR=0.788 )were the main factors influencing the utilization of public health services among the migrant workers.Conclusion Migrant workers in Beijing failed to make full use of the public health services.
2014, 30(8): 1002-1005.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-07
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of different community follow-up management modes in community patients with hypertension in Yuhang district of Hangzhou city,and to provide a theoretical basis for developing new management model.Methods A total of 2 187 hypertension patients were selected from 20 villages/communities in Yuhang district of Hangzhou city with stratfied random sampling and investigated with a face-to-face questionnaire survey in 2012.SPSS 19.0 was used in data analyses.Results The average age of the male patients(1 088,49.75%) was 65.23±10.19 years and that of the female patients(1 099,50.25%) was 64.90±9.99,without significant gender difference.The overall rates were 73.07%,54.78%,and 43.80% for awareness of hypertension knowledge,adherence to medication,and behaviral change for hypertension control among the patients.The awarenss rate of hypertension know-ledge in the patients with group follow-up(82.93%) was significantly higher than in the patients with individual follow-up(χ2= 253.621,P<0.001),whereas,the behaviral change rate of the patients with individual follow-up was significantly higher than that of patients with group follow-up(45.98% vs.36.80%;χ2=9.370,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in medication adherence among the patients under different modes of follow-up(χ2=1.08,P>0.05).The highest hypertension knowledge awareness rate(99.67%) was reported in the patients with the doctor' s home visit plus regular group follow-up,the highest medication adherence rate(88.24%) in the patients with the doctor's home visit plus visiting a doctor in the clinic,and the highest behaviral change rate(67.15%) in the patients with individual follow-up through telephone call.Conclusion The results of the study suggest that group follow-up is beneficial to increase awareness rate of hypertension knowledge and individual follow-up is beneficial to promote behaviral change among community hypertension patients.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of different community follow-up management modes in community patients with hypertension in Yuhang district of Hangzhou city,and to provide a theoretical basis for developing new management model.Methods A total of 2 187 hypertension patients were selected from 20 villages/communities in Yuhang district of Hangzhou city with stratfied random sampling and investigated with a face-to-face questionnaire survey in 2012.SPSS 19.0 was used in data analyses.Results The average age of the male patients(1 088,49.75%) was 65.23±10.19 years and that of the female patients(1 099,50.25%) was 64.90±9.99,without significant gender difference.The overall rates were 73.07%,54.78%,and 43.80% for awareness of hypertension knowledge,adherence to medication,and behaviral change for hypertension control among the patients.The awarenss rate of hypertension know-ledge in the patients with group follow-up(82.93%) was significantly higher than in the patients with individual follow-up(χ2= 253.621,P<0.001),whereas,the behaviral change rate of the patients with individual follow-up was significantly higher than that of patients with group follow-up(45.98% vs.36.80%;χ2=9.370,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in medication adherence among the patients under different modes of follow-up(χ2=1.08,P>0.05).The highest hypertension knowledge awareness rate(99.67%) was reported in the patients with the doctor' s home visit plus regular group follow-up,the highest medication adherence rate(88.24%) in the patients with the doctor's home visit plus visiting a doctor in the clinic,and the highest behaviral change rate(67.15%) in the patients with individual follow-up through telephone call.Conclusion The results of the study suggest that group follow-up is beneficial to increase awareness rate of hypertension knowledge and individual follow-up is beneficial to promote behaviral change among community hypertension patients.
2014, 30(8): 1005-1008.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-08
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Objective To examine the situation of health knowledge and behavior and its influencing factors among medical university students,and to provide a reference to health education among college students.Methods With stratified cluster random sampling,990 students from a medical university in Tianjin were selected to participate in an investigation about health knowledge and behaviors.SPSS 13.0 was used to perform data analysis.Results The average scores of health knowledge and health behaviors were 63.34±15.15 and 65.55±12.67,respectively,with the pass rates of 64.4% and 71.1%.Among the students,the five lowest formation rates of health behaviors were persistent aerobic exercise of 30-60 minutes three times in a week(28.8%),intake of 200-300 g milk/dairy products everyday(33.1%),having breakfast everyday(37.7%),opening the window for ventilation everyday(52.9%),and having light and low-salt diet(54.7%).Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of health knowledge were grade,native place and health behavior,of which grade was much closely related to health knowledge,with the odds ratio(OR)of 7.452 for grade three and the OR of 7.440 for grade five.While the influencing factors of health behavior were sex,familial education level and health knowledge,of which health knowledge was much closely related to health behavior(OR=4.869).Conclusion The situation of health knowledge and behaviors among medical university students is not optimistic.Medical universities should perform health education among students.
Objective To examine the situation of health knowledge and behavior and its influencing factors among medical university students,and to provide a reference to health education among college students.Methods With stratified cluster random sampling,990 students from a medical university in Tianjin were selected to participate in an investigation about health knowledge and behaviors.SPSS 13.0 was used to perform data analysis.Results The average scores of health knowledge and health behaviors were 63.34±15.15 and 65.55±12.67,respectively,with the pass rates of 64.4% and 71.1%.Among the students,the five lowest formation rates of health behaviors were persistent aerobic exercise of 30-60 minutes three times in a week(28.8%),intake of 200-300 g milk/dairy products everyday(33.1%),having breakfast everyday(37.7%),opening the window for ventilation everyday(52.9%),and having light and low-salt diet(54.7%).Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of health knowledge were grade,native place and health behavior,of which grade was much closely related to health knowledge,with the odds ratio(OR)of 7.452 for grade three and the OR of 7.440 for grade five.While the influencing factors of health behavior were sex,familial education level and health knowledge,of which health knowledge was much closely related to health behavior(OR=4.869).Conclusion The situation of health knowledge and behaviors among medical university students is not optimistic.Medical universities should perform health education among students.
2014, 30(8): 1009-1012.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-09
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Objective To examine health literacy status and its influencing factors among residents in Kunming city,and to provide scientific basis for improving residents' health literacy.Methods Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 999 residents aged 15-69 years from 5 counties(districts).Results Among the residents,the ratio of the residents with overall health literacy,basic knowledge and concept,healthy lifestyle behaviors,and health skills were 7.22%,21.67%,6.56%,and 15.26%,with the standardized raio of 7.34%，21.94%,6.65%,and 15.34%,respectively.Logistic regression analyses showed that the residents living in urban area,with the education of junior high school or higher,with familial annual income of ≥5 000 RMB yuan had a higher health literacy than the residents living in rural area,having the education of below junior high school,and with familial annual income <5 000 yuan.The residents having the education of junior high school or higher，at the age of 25 to 44 years and with the familial annual income of ≥10 000 yuan had higher basic knowledge and concept than the residents having the education under junior high school,at age of 15 to 24 or 45 years and with familial annual income of <10 000 yuan.The urban residents,the residents having the education of junior high school or higher,married,and with familial annual income of ≥5 000 yuan had more healthy lifestyle behaviors than rural residents,the residents having the education of under junior high school,single,divorced or widowed,and with familial annual income <5 000 yuan.The urban residents,the residents having the education of high school or higher,and with familial annual income of ≥10 000 yuan had higher health skills than the rural residents,the residents with the education of under high school,and with familial annual income <10 000 yuan.Conclusion The health literacy among the residents in Kunming city is at a low level.The main influencing factors of health literacy are living area,education degree,and familial annual income among the residents.
Objective To examine health literacy status and its influencing factors among residents in Kunming city,and to provide scientific basis for improving residents' health literacy.Methods Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 999 residents aged 15-69 years from 5 counties(districts).Results Among the residents,the ratio of the residents with overall health literacy,basic knowledge and concept,healthy lifestyle behaviors,and health skills were 7.22%,21.67%,6.56%,and 15.26%,with the standardized raio of 7.34%，21.94%,6.65%,and 15.34%,respectively.Logistic regression analyses showed that the residents living in urban area,with the education of junior high school or higher,with familial annual income of ≥5 000 RMB yuan had a higher health literacy than the residents living in rural area,having the education of below junior high school,and with familial annual income <5 000 yuan.The residents having the education of junior high school or higher，at the age of 25 to 44 years and with the familial annual income of ≥10 000 yuan had higher basic knowledge and concept than the residents having the education under junior high school,at age of 15 to 24 or 45 years and with familial annual income of <10 000 yuan.The urban residents,the residents having the education of junior high school or higher,married,and with familial annual income of ≥5 000 yuan had more healthy lifestyle behaviors than rural residents,the residents having the education of under junior high school,single,divorced or widowed,and with familial annual income <5 000 yuan.The urban residents,the residents having the education of high school or higher,and with familial annual income of ≥10 000 yuan had higher health skills than the rural residents,the residents with the education of under high school,and with familial annual income <10 000 yuan.Conclusion The health literacy among the residents in Kunming city is at a low level.The main influencing factors of health literacy are living area,education degree,and familial annual income among the residents.
2014, 30(8): 1013-1016.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-10
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Objective To study the status of health knowledge and health-related behaviors among residents in Shijiazhuang city in 2011.Methods Through random stratified sampling,19 157 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Shijiazhuang city were selected and interviewed on their basic situation,health knowledge and health behaviors.Results The awareness rate of health knowledge and the rate of health behavior were higher in urban residents than those in rural residents.The awareness rate of health knowledge and the rate of health behavior were higher in the females than those in the males.The current smoking rate in the males(51.35%) was obviously higher than that in the females(16.79%).The passive smoking rate in the males(63.19%) was higher than that in the females(48.62%).The current smoking rate was higher in rural residents(36.85%) than that in urban residents(26.44%) and the passive smoking rate in rural residents(58.14%) were also higher than that in urban residents(49.34%).Conclusion The health knowledge and health behaviors in the residents of Shijiazhuang city increased at some extent.
Objective To study the status of health knowledge and health-related behaviors among residents in Shijiazhuang city in 2011.Methods Through random stratified sampling,19 157 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Shijiazhuang city were selected and interviewed on their basic situation,health knowledge and health behaviors.Results The awareness rate of health knowledge and the rate of health behavior were higher in urban residents than those in rural residents.The awareness rate of health knowledge and the rate of health behavior were higher in the females than those in the males.The current smoking rate in the males(51.35%) was obviously higher than that in the females(16.79%).The passive smoking rate in the males(63.19%) was higher than that in the females(48.62%).The current smoking rate was higher in rural residents(36.85%) than that in urban residents(26.44%) and the passive smoking rate in rural residents(58.14%) were also higher than that in urban residents(49.34%).Conclusion The health knowledge and health behaviors in the residents of Shijiazhuang city increased at some extent.
2014, 30(8): 1016-1018.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-11
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Objective To explore the correlation between health promotion behavior and self-efficacy among young and middle-aged rural residents in Hebei province.Methods With random stratified sampling,800 young and middle-aged rural residents in Hebei province were investigated with a health promotion lifestyle scale and self-efficacy scale.The correlation between healthy lifestyle and self-efficacy was evaluated with Pearson product-moment correlation.Results The standardized score of health promotion behavior was 54.52,among which self-actualization ranked the highest(63.48),followed by interpersonal support(61.70),nutrition(60.88),stress management(50.44),health responsibility(43.15),and exercise(40.75).The score of self-efficacy was 22.75±5.92.Pearson product-moment correlation showed that overall health promotion behavior(r=0.182,P=0.000),self-actualization(r=0.208,P=0.000),interpersonal support(r=0.174,P=0.000),nutrition(r=0.125,P=0.001),health responsibility(r=0.110,P=0.004)and stress management(r=0.106,P=0.005) were positively related to the self-efficacy.However the same tendency did not show in the exercise subscale(r=0.015,P=0.702).Conclusion The health promotion behavior among young and middle-aged rural residents in Hebei province is at a medium level,and the self-efficacy is at a low level,with a positive relationship between them suggesting much attention should be paid to the self-efficacy in order to promote health behavior in the population.
Objective To explore the correlation between health promotion behavior and self-efficacy among young and middle-aged rural residents in Hebei province.Methods With random stratified sampling,800 young and middle-aged rural residents in Hebei province were investigated with a health promotion lifestyle scale and self-efficacy scale.The correlation between healthy lifestyle and self-efficacy was evaluated with Pearson product-moment correlation.Results The standardized score of health promotion behavior was 54.52,among which self-actualization ranked the highest(63.48),followed by interpersonal support(61.70),nutrition(60.88),stress management(50.44),health responsibility(43.15),and exercise(40.75).The score of self-efficacy was 22.75±5.92.Pearson product-moment correlation showed that overall health promotion behavior(r=0.182,P=0.000),self-actualization(r=0.208,P=0.000),interpersonal support(r=0.174,P=0.000),nutrition(r=0.125,P=0.001),health responsibility(r=0.110,P=0.004)and stress management(r=0.106,P=0.005) were positively related to the self-efficacy.However the same tendency did not show in the exercise subscale(r=0.015,P=0.702).Conclusion The health promotion behavior among young and middle-aged rural residents in Hebei province is at a medium level,and the self-efficacy is at a low level,with a positive relationship between them suggesting much attention should be paid to the self-efficacy in order to promote health behavior in the population.
2014, 30(8): 1019-1022.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-12
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Objective To evaluate the effect of health education about serum lipid among rural Uygur residents with dyslipidemia.Methods Using cluster random sampling,715 rural Uygur residents aged 18 years and over and with dyslipidemia were selected from twelve villages of Jiangbazi township of Kashi county in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang) and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group.A three-year health education intervention was conducted for the intervention group.Results After the intervention,the intervention group had significantly higher rates and scores in knowledge(18.0% vs.6.0%,2.16±2.55 vs.0.73±1.25),correct attitude(29.5% vs.8.2%,0.46±0.91 vs.0.27±0.59),health behaviors(6.6% vs.3.9%,0.46±0.91 vs 0.27±0.59),and overall score(4.68±4.34 vs.1.56±1.93) about dyslipidemia compared to those of the control group(P<0.01 for all).Conclusion The levels of knowledge,attitude and behaviors about serum lipid are very low in rural Uygur adult residents with dyslipidemia in Xinjiang and sustained health education can increase the levels of knowledge,attitude and behaviors about dyslipidemia.
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education about serum lipid among rural Uygur residents with dyslipidemia.Methods Using cluster random sampling,715 rural Uygur residents aged 18 years and over and with dyslipidemia were selected from twelve villages of Jiangbazi township of Kashi county in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang) and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group.A three-year health education intervention was conducted for the intervention group.Results After the intervention,the intervention group had significantly higher rates and scores in knowledge(18.0% vs.6.0%,2.16±2.55 vs.0.73±1.25),correct attitude(29.5% vs.8.2%,0.46±0.91 vs.0.27±0.59),health behaviors(6.6% vs.3.9%,0.46±0.91 vs 0.27±0.59),and overall score(4.68±4.34 vs.1.56±1.93) about dyslipidemia compared to those of the control group(P<0.01 for all).Conclusion The levels of knowledge,attitude and behaviors about serum lipid are very low in rural Uygur adult residents with dyslipidemia in Xinjiang and sustained health education can increase the levels of knowledge,attitude and behaviors about dyslipidemia.
2014, 30(8): 1022-1025.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-13
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Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of thyroid nodule among populations in Zhengzhou city of Henan province.Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 3 478 permanent residents aged over 18 years in Zhengzhou city and a questionnaire survey and thyroid B ultrasonography were performed among the residents.Results The prevalence rate of thyroid nodule was 21.28% and the rate increased with age,with significant differences among the residents of different age.The thyroid nodule prevalence of the female residents was significantly higher than that of the male(24.83% vs.17.33%)(P<0.05).The prevalence rate of single nodule was significantly higher than that of multiple nodules(12.56% vs.8.63%)(P<0.05).The results of multi-factor logistic regression showed that potential risk factors of thyroid nodule among the residents were older age(odds ratio[OR]=6.349),female(OR=2.584),low education level(OR=1.467),working pressure(OR=4.629),being anger frequently(OR=1.835),smoking(OR=1.445),taking seafood frequently(OR=1.751),and history of thyroid disease(OR=2.756).Conclusion This study shows that thyroid nodule is highly prevalent among adult residents in Zhengzhou city and the prevalence might be associated with various individual characteristics as age,sex,education level,working pressure,being anger frequenly,taking seafood frequently,and the history of thyroid disease.
Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of thyroid nodule among populations in Zhengzhou city of Henan province.Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 3 478 permanent residents aged over 18 years in Zhengzhou city and a questionnaire survey and thyroid B ultrasonography were performed among the residents.Results The prevalence rate of thyroid nodule was 21.28% and the rate increased with age,with significant differences among the residents of different age.The thyroid nodule prevalence of the female residents was significantly higher than that of the male(24.83% vs.17.33%)(P<0.05).The prevalence rate of single nodule was significantly higher than that of multiple nodules(12.56% vs.8.63%)(P<0.05).The results of multi-factor logistic regression showed that potential risk factors of thyroid nodule among the residents were older age(odds ratio[OR]=6.349),female(OR=2.584),low education level(OR=1.467),working pressure(OR=4.629),being anger frequently(OR=1.835),smoking(OR=1.445),taking seafood frequently(OR=1.751),and history of thyroid disease(OR=2.756).Conclusion This study shows that thyroid nodule is highly prevalent among adult residents in Zhengzhou city and the prevalence might be associated with various individual characteristics as age,sex,education level,working pressure,being anger frequenly,taking seafood frequently,and the history of thyroid disease.
2014, 30(8): 1026-1030.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-14
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Objective To detect the exposure of phthalates among pregnant women and to explore the factors associated with the exposure.Methods The participants were 1 492 pregnant women visiting maternal and child health centers for their first prenatal examination in Ma'anshan city of Anhui province between November 2008 and November 2010.The levels of serum phthalate metabolites were detected and the characteristics of phthalate exposure and its influence factors were analyzed.Results Among the pregnant women,the detection rate of monoethyl phthalate(MEP),mono-n-butyl phthalate(MBP),and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(MEHP) were 86.8%,99.8%,and 100%,with the geometric means of 0.22 ng/mL,5.56 ng/mL,and 5.77 ng/mL,respectively.The results of binary logistic regression showed that the women at gestational age of 9th-12th week had lower levels of MEP(odds ratio[OR]=0.65,95% confidence interval [95%CI]:0.47-0.89),MBP (OR=0.70,95%CI:0.51-0.97),and MEHP(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.33-0.60) and the women at gestational age of 13th week had lower levels of MBP (OR=0.62,95%CI:0.45-0.86) and MEHP (OR=0.27,95%CI:0.19-0.37).The level of MBP in the women with the education of undergraduate or higher (OR=1.61,95%CI:1.12-2.31) or history of abortion (OR=2.17,95%CI:1.04-4.52) was higher and the level of MEHP in the women aged ≥30 years (OR=1.88,95%CI:1.23-2.87) was higher.Conclusion The pregnant women in Ma'anshan city are widely exposed to phthalates and age,gestational age,education level and history of abortion are factors related to serum phthalate metabolites in the women.
Objective To detect the exposure of phthalates among pregnant women and to explore the factors associated with the exposure.Methods The participants were 1 492 pregnant women visiting maternal and child health centers for their first prenatal examination in Ma'anshan city of Anhui province between November 2008 and November 2010.The levels of serum phthalate metabolites were detected and the characteristics of phthalate exposure and its influence factors were analyzed.Results Among the pregnant women,the detection rate of monoethyl phthalate(MEP),mono-n-butyl phthalate(MBP),and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(MEHP) were 86.8%,99.8%,and 100%,with the geometric means of 0.22 ng/mL,5.56 ng/mL,and 5.77 ng/mL,respectively.The results of binary logistic regression showed that the women at gestational age of 9th-12th week had lower levels of MEP(odds ratio[OR]=0.65,95% confidence interval [95%CI]:0.47-0.89),MBP (OR=0.70,95%CI:0.51-0.97),and MEHP(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.33-0.60) and the women at gestational age of 13th week had lower levels of MBP (OR=0.62,95%CI:0.45-0.86) and MEHP (OR=0.27,95%CI:0.19-0.37).The level of MBP in the women with the education of undergraduate or higher (OR=1.61,95%CI:1.12-2.31) or history of abortion (OR=2.17,95%CI:1.04-4.52) was higher and the level of MEHP in the women aged ≥30 years (OR=1.88,95%CI:1.23-2.87) was higher.Conclusion The pregnant women in Ma'anshan city are widely exposed to phthalates and age,gestational age,education level and history of abortion are factors related to serum phthalate metabolites in the women.
2014, 30(8): 1031-1034.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-15
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Objective To explore the relationship between tutors'guidance and coping,mental health of the postgraduate and to provide a reference for improving postgraduates' mental health.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 274 postgraduates by using a self-designed Guiding Behavior Questionnaire，Simple Coping Style Questionnare(SCSQ)and Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)in 28 universities in six administrative districts of China.Results The ratios of the postgraduates with the top three stressful events were 55.7%for learning and scientific research,18.0%for economic pressures and 15.9%for career selection.There were 39.2%of the tutors forcing the graduate students completely according to mentor's ideas for scientific research and 23.8%venting their anger on graduates based on the responses of the postgraduates.The tutors' guidance was significantly positively correlated with the score of SCL-90 and positive coping was negatively correlated with the score of SCL-90,while negative coping was positively correlated with the score of SCL-90 of the postgraduates.The guide behavior had direct effect on mental health(β=0.31)of the postgraduates.The positive coping of the postgraduates showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between tutors' guidance and mental health of the postgraduates(β=-0.23),with a rate of mediation effect of 10.82%,while the negative coping showed a partial mediating effect(β=0.11),with a rate of mediation effect of 8.09%.Conclusion The coping style of postgraduate may be a partial mediating variable for the association between tutors' guidance and mental health of postgraduates and the development of positive coping style is very significant for the postgraduates.
Objective To explore the relationship between tutors'guidance and coping,mental health of the postgraduate and to provide a reference for improving postgraduates' mental health.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 274 postgraduates by using a self-designed Guiding Behavior Questionnaire，Simple Coping Style Questionnare(SCSQ)and Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)in 28 universities in six administrative districts of China.Results The ratios of the postgraduates with the top three stressful events were 55.7%for learning and scientific research,18.0%for economic pressures and 15.9%for career selection.There were 39.2%of the tutors forcing the graduate students completely according to mentor's ideas for scientific research and 23.8%venting their anger on graduates based on the responses of the postgraduates.The tutors' guidance was significantly positively correlated with the score of SCL-90 and positive coping was negatively correlated with the score of SCL-90,while negative coping was positively correlated with the score of SCL-90 of the postgraduates.The guide behavior had direct effect on mental health(β=0.31)of the postgraduates.The positive coping of the postgraduates showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between tutors' guidance and mental health of the postgraduates(β=-0.23),with a rate of mediation effect of 10.82%,while the negative coping showed a partial mediating effect(β=0.11),with a rate of mediation effect of 8.09%.Conclusion The coping style of postgraduate may be a partial mediating variable for the association between tutors' guidance and mental health of postgraduates and the development of positive coping style is very significant for the postgraduates.
Prevalence and influencing factors of depression among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises
2014, 30(8): 1035-1037.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-16
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depression among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises in Zhongshan city and to provide a reference for the development of prevention and intervention measures.Methods A questionnaire survey was performed in 4 500 production workers selected with multistage random sampling from 54 small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises(with the employees less than 2 000) in Zhongshan city.A questionnaire about social demographic characteristics and general health behaviors and the Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale were adopted in the survey.Results A total of 3 300 valid questionnaires(70.1％ from male workers) were collected and the effective response rate was 73.3%.The incidence of depressive symptoms in the workers was 22.7%.There were significant associations between depression and sex,marital status,education level,monthly income,smoking status,regular physical exercise,and the type of the enterprise by univariate analysis(P<0.05 for all).Ordinal logistic regression model analysis revealed that risk factors for depression symptoms in the workers were enterprise type(odds ratio[OR]for private enterprise=1.76,95% confidence interval [95%CI]=1.38-2.27; OR for Hong Kong-invested enterprise=1.64,95%CI=1.31-2.06),lower income(OR=2.36,95%CI=1.41-3.92) and smoking(OR=1.30,95%CI=1.07-1.56) and protective factors were lower education level(OR=0.79,95%CI=0.64-0.96) and physical activity(OR=0.69,95%CI=0.58-0.82).Conclusion Depressive symptoms are influenced by enterprise type,education level,income and health behaviors such as smoking and physical exercise among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises.
Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depression among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises in Zhongshan city and to provide a reference for the development of prevention and intervention measures.Methods A questionnaire survey was performed in 4 500 production workers selected with multistage random sampling from 54 small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises(with the employees less than 2 000) in Zhongshan city.A questionnaire about social demographic characteristics and general health behaviors and the Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale were adopted in the survey.Results A total of 3 300 valid questionnaires(70.1％ from male workers) were collected and the effective response rate was 73.3%.The incidence of depressive symptoms in the workers was 22.7%.There were significant associations between depression and sex,marital status,education level,monthly income,smoking status,regular physical exercise,and the type of the enterprise by univariate analysis(P<0.05 for all).Ordinal logistic regression model analysis revealed that risk factors for depression symptoms in the workers were enterprise type(odds ratio[OR]for private enterprise=1.76,95% confidence interval [95%CI]=1.38-2.27; OR for Hong Kong-invested enterprise=1.64,95%CI=1.31-2.06),lower income(OR=2.36,95%CI=1.41-3.92) and smoking(OR=1.30,95%CI=1.07-1.56) and protective factors were lower education level(OR=0.79,95%CI=0.64-0.96) and physical activity(OR=0.69,95%CI=0.58-0.82).Conclusion Depressive symptoms are influenced by enterprise type,education level,income and health behaviors such as smoking and physical exercise among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises.
2014, 30(8): 1038-1041.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-17
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and characters of club drug use among undergraduate students in Guangzhou city,and to explore its determinants.Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in a cross-sectional study to collect information about illicit drug use behavior,anti-drug education and mental health among 2 411 students from 10 universities selected with stratified cluster randomly sampling.Results The rate of club drug use reached 3.0% (4.6% for males and 1.5% for females).The overall rates of club drug use among the students of minority,having fathers or mothers with education below senior high school,with poor school performance,and receiving first anti-drug education in university were 11.1%,15.2%,8.8%,9.0%,and 12.1%,respectively.Ketamine,cofetol cough syrup,ecstasy and methamphetamine were the most frequently used drugs.The main reasons for the initial drug use were curiosity (35.6%),peer induction (31.5%) and believing specific effect of the drugs (28.8%).The drug use mainly occured in recreational place (52.1%),school (42.5%) and at home (32.9%),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that the determinants of the drug use were gender (odds ratio [OR]=0.454),nation (OR=2.744),father's education level (OR=0.243-0.294),the time first receiving anti-drug education (OR=0.310-0.360),and depression (OR=1.073).Conclusion There is a high prevalence of club drug use among undergraduates in Guangzhou city.Males,minority,low education of father,receiving first anti-drug education at late time,and depression could increase the risk of drugs use behavior.
Objective To investigate the prevalence and characters of club drug use among undergraduate students in Guangzhou city,and to explore its determinants.Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in a cross-sectional study to collect information about illicit drug use behavior,anti-drug education and mental health among 2 411 students from 10 universities selected with stratified cluster randomly sampling.Results The rate of club drug use reached 3.0% (4.6% for males and 1.5% for females).The overall rates of club drug use among the students of minority,having fathers or mothers with education below senior high school,with poor school performance,and receiving first anti-drug education in university were 11.1%,15.2%,8.8%,9.0%,and 12.1%,respectively.Ketamine,cofetol cough syrup,ecstasy and methamphetamine were the most frequently used drugs.The main reasons for the initial drug use were curiosity (35.6%),peer induction (31.5%) and believing specific effect of the drugs (28.8%).The drug use mainly occured in recreational place (52.1%),school (42.5%) and at home (32.9%),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that the determinants of the drug use were gender (odds ratio [OR]=0.454),nation (OR=2.744),father's education level (OR=0.243-0.294),the time first receiving anti-drug education (OR=0.310-0.360),and depression (OR=1.073).Conclusion There is a high prevalence of club drug use among undergraduates in Guangzhou city.Males,minority,low education of father,receiving first anti-drug education at late time,and depression could increase the risk of drugs use behavior.
2014, 30(8): 1042-1046.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-18
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Objective To investigate the expression of microRNAs(miRNAs)in myocardial tissues of diabetic mice and to find the potential target genes controled by the miRNAs.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control and diabetes model group.The mice in diabetes model group were injected in peritoneal cavity with streptozocin(150 mg/kg).At the end of six weeks,the body weight and content of blood sugar were detected.The morphology of the heart tissue was detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining.The miRNA expressions in myocardial tissue of the mice were determined by using reverse transcription miRNA PCR array.The targets of the altered miRNAs were predicted using the database(Target Scan,miRarnada and PicTar). Then the target genes(Anp,Myh7,Hadc1,Col1a1,Ccnd1,and Vcam1)related to cardiac hypertrophy or myocardial fibrosis were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).Results Histological analysis of heart tissues exhibited cardiac hypertrophy and extensive interstitial fibrosis and the heart weight/body weight(HW/BW)ratio was significantly higher in diabetic group. Up-regulated miR-19a,miR-19b,miR-22,and miR-503 and down-regulated miR-1,miR-29a,miR-30a,miR-96,miR-101a,miR-142-3p,miR-199-5p,and miR-374 miRNAs were identified in diabetic mice with cardiomyopathy. Target genes were approved with bioinformatics analysis. Among the targets,the mRNA expressions of Anp,Myh7 and Ccnd1 were increased,while Hadc1,COL1A1 and Vcam1 were decreased in diabetic mice with cardiomyopathy.Conclusion The results demonstrate that miRNAs play an important role in the process of diabetic cardiomyopathy,which may mediate cardiac hypertrophy and/or myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Objective To investigate the expression of microRNAs(miRNAs)in myocardial tissues of diabetic mice and to find the potential target genes controled by the miRNAs.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control and diabetes model group.The mice in diabetes model group were injected in peritoneal cavity with streptozocin(150 mg/kg).At the end of six weeks,the body weight and content of blood sugar were detected.The morphology of the heart tissue was detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining.The miRNA expressions in myocardial tissue of the mice were determined by using reverse transcription miRNA PCR array.The targets of the altered miRNAs were predicted using the database(Target Scan,miRarnada and PicTar). Then the target genes(Anp,Myh7,Hadc1,Col1a1,Ccnd1,and Vcam1)related to cardiac hypertrophy or myocardial fibrosis were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).Results Histological analysis of heart tissues exhibited cardiac hypertrophy and extensive interstitial fibrosis and the heart weight/body weight(HW/BW)ratio was significantly higher in diabetic group. Up-regulated miR-19a,miR-19b,miR-22,and miR-503 and down-regulated miR-1,miR-29a,miR-30a,miR-96,miR-101a,miR-142-3p,miR-199-5p,and miR-374 miRNAs were identified in diabetic mice with cardiomyopathy. Target genes were approved with bioinformatics analysis. Among the targets,the mRNA expressions of Anp,Myh7 and Ccnd1 were increased,while Hadc1,COL1A1 and Vcam1 were decreased in diabetic mice with cardiomyopathy.Conclusion The results demonstrate that miRNAs play an important role in the process of diabetic cardiomyopathy,which may mediate cardiac hypertrophy and/or myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
2014, 30(8): 1046-1049.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-19
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Objective To construct a double mutants of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase(Y106G6E.4),methionine synthase(R03D7.1),and 5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase(Dao-3) and G85R::YFP and to detect motor ability of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans) after folate metabolism-related gene deletion.Methods C.elegans was cultured in nematode growth medium(NGM) agar plates.Hermaphrodites of G85R::YFP strain were hybridized with N2 males to obtain the G85R mutant males; then G85R mutant males were backcrossed to VC2322(Y106G6E.4),RB755(R03D7.1),and VC1197(Dao-3),respectively.Y106G6E.4,R03D7.1 and Dao-3 homozygous genotypes of the progenies were identified with single worm PCR.Then the hermaphrodites with the homozygous genotypes were self-fertilized.Superoxide dismutase 1(Sod1) gene was identified with fluorescence intensity.Crawling distance on the plates and thrashing times in liquid media of the C.elegans with all double mutants were observed.Results Double mutants were successfully constructed.PCR and fluorescene test showed that the mutant worms had the corresponding homozygous genotypes.Compared with ALS C.elegans,both thrash times in liquid media(14.6±2.39,17.4±2.23,and 10.2±1.64) and crawling distance on the plates(22.25±3.59,23.25±3.30,and 21.5±5.07) were decreased in G85R/VC2322,G85R/RB755 and G85R/VC1197 double mutants.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Double mutants could be obtained by hydridization in C.elegans.Folate-related metabolic changes might cause damage to motor ability of ALS worms,suggesting that folate metabolism may play an important role during the initiation and progression of ALS.
Objective To construct a double mutants of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase(Y106G6E.4),methionine synthase(R03D7.1),and 5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase(Dao-3) and G85R::YFP and to detect motor ability of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans) after folate metabolism-related gene deletion.Methods C.elegans was cultured in nematode growth medium(NGM) agar plates.Hermaphrodites of G85R::YFP strain were hybridized with N2 males to obtain the G85R mutant males; then G85R mutant males were backcrossed to VC2322(Y106G6E.4),RB755(R03D7.1),and VC1197(Dao-3),respectively.Y106G6E.4,R03D7.1 and Dao-3 homozygous genotypes of the progenies were identified with single worm PCR.Then the hermaphrodites with the homozygous genotypes were self-fertilized.Superoxide dismutase 1(Sod1) gene was identified with fluorescence intensity.Crawling distance on the plates and thrashing times in liquid media of the C.elegans with all double mutants were observed.Results Double mutants were successfully constructed.PCR and fluorescene test showed that the mutant worms had the corresponding homozygous genotypes.Compared with ALS C.elegans,both thrash times in liquid media(14.6±2.39,17.4±2.23,and 10.2±1.64) and crawling distance on the plates(22.25±3.59,23.25±3.30,and 21.5±5.07) were decreased in G85R/VC2322,G85R/RB755 and G85R/VC1197 double mutants.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Double mutants could be obtained by hydridization in C.elegans.Folate-related metabolic changes might cause damage to motor ability of ALS worms,suggesting that folate metabolism may play an important role during the initiation and progression of ALS.
2014, 30(8): 1050-1051.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-20
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Objective To investigate the effects of CXC chemokine receptor-2(CXCR2) and CXC chemokine receptor-4(CXCR4) on migration,proliferation and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) of HeLa cells.Methods HeLa cell migration was detected with Transwell method.Effects of CXCR2 and CXCR4 on the proliferation of the HeLa cells was detected with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay.The expression of VEGF of the HeLa cells was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results After the knockout of CXCR2 and CXCR4,the mobility of the HeLa cells were 2.1±0.8 and 2.6±0.9,and the rate was 3.6±1.1 for the cells without the knockout,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05 for all).After the activation of CXCR2 and CXCR4,the proliferation rates of the HeLa cells were 86.1±15.3% and 83.9±15.9%,significantly higher than that of the cells without the activation(66.7±8.7%)(P<0.05 for all).In addition,the VEGF expressions of the HeLa cells with the activation of CXCR2 and CXCR4 were 6.84±0.19 pg/L and 6.59±0.14 pg/L and were significantly higher than that of the cells without the activation(0.74±0.03 pg/L)(P<0.05 for all).Conclusion High expressions of CXCR2 and CXCR4 in HeLa cells play an important role in the induction of migration,proliferation and secretion of VEGF of HeLa cells.
Objective To investigate the effects of CXC chemokine receptor-2(CXCR2) and CXC chemokine receptor-4(CXCR4) on migration,proliferation and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) of HeLa cells.Methods HeLa cell migration was detected with Transwell method.Effects of CXCR2 and CXCR4 on the proliferation of the HeLa cells was detected with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay.The expression of VEGF of the HeLa cells was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results After the knockout of CXCR2 and CXCR4,the mobility of the HeLa cells were 2.1±0.8 and 2.6±0.9,and the rate was 3.6±1.1 for the cells without the knockout,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05 for all).After the activation of CXCR2 and CXCR4,the proliferation rates of the HeLa cells were 86.1±15.3% and 83.9±15.9%,significantly higher than that of the cells without the activation(66.7±8.7%)(P<0.05 for all).In addition,the VEGF expressions of the HeLa cells with the activation of CXCR2 and CXCR4 were 6.84±0.19 pg/L and 6.59±0.14 pg/L and were significantly higher than that of the cells without the activation(0.74±0.03 pg/L)(P<0.05 for all).Conclusion High expressions of CXCR2 and CXCR4 in HeLa cells play an important role in the induction of migration,proliferation and secretion of VEGF of HeLa cells.
2014, 30(8): 1052-1054.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-21
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Objective To examine the status of accquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)counseling and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)test and its influencing factors among rural pregnant women in some low prevalent regions for making policies of HIV/AIDS prevention in the rural pregnant women.Methods Totally 401 rural pregnant women in 4 counties of Jilin province were investigated with a questionnaire survey.Univariate analysis with chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression were applied in the study.Results The rates of AIDS counseling and HIV test were 8% and 57.9%.Of the women taking AIDS counseling and HIV test,14.7% were at early pregnancy and 74.6% were during the second trimester.The rate of AIDS counseling was relatively high among minority pregnant women,the women having common affection with hasbands,attending school training,having prenatal check 5 times or more,having the knowledge of mother to child transmission,and participating education program on prevention of mother to child transmission.The rate of HIV test was higher among minority women,the women having 2 deliveries,attending school for pnegnant women,and having prenatal check 5 times or more.Conclusion The service utilization of AIDS counseling and HIV test was low among rural pregnant women in Jilin province.Minority women,pregnant women attending training programms,and having pregnancy check 5 times or more had higher utilization of AIDS counseling and HIV test.
Objective To examine the status of accquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)counseling and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)test and its influencing factors among rural pregnant women in some low prevalent regions for making policies of HIV/AIDS prevention in the rural pregnant women.Methods Totally 401 rural pregnant women in 4 counties of Jilin province were investigated with a questionnaire survey.Univariate analysis with chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression were applied in the study.Results The rates of AIDS counseling and HIV test were 8% and 57.9%.Of the women taking AIDS counseling and HIV test,14.7% were at early pregnancy and 74.6% were during the second trimester.The rate of AIDS counseling was relatively high among minority pregnant women,the women having common affection with hasbands,attending school training,having prenatal check 5 times or more,having the knowledge of mother to child transmission,and participating education program on prevention of mother to child transmission.The rate of HIV test was higher among minority women,the women having 2 deliveries,attending school for pnegnant women,and having prenatal check 5 times or more.Conclusion The service utilization of AIDS counseling and HIV test was low among rural pregnant women in Jilin province.Minority women,pregnant women attending training programms,and having pregnancy check 5 times or more had higher utilization of AIDS counseling and HIV test.
2014, 30(8): 1055-1057.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-22
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the concentration of umbilical cord blood lead and its influential factors in Wengyuan county,Guangdong province and to provide a scientific foundation for prenatal and postnatal care.Methods Overall 576 pregnant women giving birth to their children in Wengyuan Maternity and Child Healthcare and Xinjiang Health Center were asked to take a questionnaire survey and their umbilical cord blood samples were collected by well-trained doctors during 1st September,2011 and 31th August,2012.Results For the participants,the concentration range of umbilical cord blood lead was 12.77-253.63 μg/L,and the median and interquartile of umbilical cord blood lead concentration were 31.96 μg/L and 18.37 μg/L,respectively.There were 44(7.64%) of the blood samples with the lead concentration higher than 100 μg/L.Univariate analyses indicated that a distance of over 50 meters from residence to road(odds ratio[OR]=0.39,95% confidence interval[95% CI]:0.19-0.78),average time of 30 minutes to the road by walking(OR=2.51,95% CI:1.30-4.84),drinking coffee(OR=4.47,95% CI:2.38-8.39),drinking tea(OR=3.00,95% CI:1.60-5.62),and calcium supplement(OR=0.26,95% CI:0.13-0.52) were all associated with umbilical cord blood lead concentration.Multivariate analyses indicated that drinking coffee(OR=3.58,95% CI:1.11-11.57) and calcium supplement(OR=0.31,95% CI:0.10-0.97) were associated with umbilical cord blood lead concentration.Conclusion The lead concentration in umbilical cord blood is relatively high among the newborns in Wengyuan county of Guangdong province.The distance from residence to road and life habits of the pregnant woman are significantly associated with the lead concentration in umbilical cord blood.
Objective To investigate the concentration of umbilical cord blood lead and its influential factors in Wengyuan county,Guangdong province and to provide a scientific foundation for prenatal and postnatal care.Methods Overall 576 pregnant women giving birth to their children in Wengyuan Maternity and Child Healthcare and Xinjiang Health Center were asked to take a questionnaire survey and their umbilical cord blood samples were collected by well-trained doctors during 1st September,2011 and 31th August,2012.Results For the participants,the concentration range of umbilical cord blood lead was 12.77-253.63 μg/L,and the median and interquartile of umbilical cord blood lead concentration were 31.96 μg/L and 18.37 μg/L,respectively.There were 44(7.64%) of the blood samples with the lead concentration higher than 100 μg/L.Univariate analyses indicated that a distance of over 50 meters from residence to road(odds ratio[OR]=0.39,95% confidence interval[95% CI]:0.19-0.78),average time of 30 minutes to the road by walking(OR=2.51,95% CI:1.30-4.84),drinking coffee(OR=4.47,95% CI:2.38-8.39),drinking tea(OR=3.00,95% CI:1.60-5.62),and calcium supplement(OR=0.26,95% CI:0.13-0.52) were all associated with umbilical cord blood lead concentration.Multivariate analyses indicated that drinking coffee(OR=3.58,95% CI:1.11-11.57) and calcium supplement(OR=0.31,95% CI:0.10-0.97) were associated with umbilical cord blood lead concentration.Conclusion The lead concentration in umbilical cord blood is relatively high among the newborns in Wengyuan county of Guangdong province.The distance from residence to road and life habits of the pregnant woman are significantly associated with the lead concentration in umbilical cord blood.
2014, 30(8): 1058-1059.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-23
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Objective To assess the demand for pharmacy service among rural residents and to provide theoretical guidance for effective pharmacy service in rural grassroots.Methods Totally 6 145 residents were selected from 28 villages or towns of 11 counties or districts in Yongzhou city,Hunan province and were surveyed with a questionnaire about pharmacy service.Results Among 13 factors in demand for pharmacy service,individual's health condition,education on reasonable medication,the choice of a variety of drugs,reduction of medication cost,and medication dosage were major elements,with the relative weight of 17.32%,15.27%,13.08%,12.25%,and 10.49%,respectively,and contributing to more than 62 percentage of the total variance.There were differences in major demands for pharmacy service among the residents at various age;the residents aged 30 to 39 years had a higher demand for knowledge about side effect of medication than the residents at age of 40 years or older(χ2=4.58,P<0.05) and the residents aged 60 years or more had higher demands for choice of a variety of drugs and reduction of medication cost than the residents younger than 60 years(χ2=7.61 and 6.86,P<0.01 for all).Conclusion Rural residents in Yongzhou city are lack of knowledge on the rational medication and need pharmacy service for safe,reasonable,effective,and economic medication urgently.
Objective To assess the demand for pharmacy service among rural residents and to provide theoretical guidance for effective pharmacy service in rural grassroots.Methods Totally 6 145 residents were selected from 28 villages or towns of 11 counties or districts in Yongzhou city,Hunan province and were surveyed with a questionnaire about pharmacy service.Results Among 13 factors in demand for pharmacy service,individual's health condition,education on reasonable medication,the choice of a variety of drugs,reduction of medication cost,and medication dosage were major elements,with the relative weight of 17.32%,15.27%,13.08%,12.25%,and 10.49%,respectively,and contributing to more than 62 percentage of the total variance.There were differences in major demands for pharmacy service among the residents at various age;the residents aged 30 to 39 years had a higher demand for knowledge about side effect of medication than the residents at age of 40 years or older(χ2=4.58,P<0.05) and the residents aged 60 years or more had higher demands for choice of a variety of drugs and reduction of medication cost than the residents younger than 60 years(χ2=7.61 and 6.86,P<0.01 for all).Conclusion Rural residents in Yongzhou city are lack of knowledge on the rational medication and need pharmacy service for safe,reasonable,effective,and economic medication urgently.
2014, 30(8): 1060-1062.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-24
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Objective To investigate iodine nutritional status and characteristics among adults,school-age children and pregnant women in iodine-sufficient areas in China since the implementation of Universal Salt Iodization(USI) in 1996.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.Fasting urinary iodine among 348 adults and 150 school-age children from Haixing county,Hebei province and 174 pregnant women from Tianjin were measured with As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry.Urinary iodine content and distribution trend of urinary iodine among the adults,children and pregnant women were determined and described.Results The median urinary iodine for the adults,school-age children and pregnant women in iodine-sufficient area were 185.20 μg/L，123.13 μg/L,and 217.06 μg/L,all at the level of adequate iodine intake.Most of the adults(62.07%),school-age children(68.67%),and pregnant women(63.22%) were in the status of iodine sufficiency,while some of the adults(12.93%),school-age children(22.00%),and pregnant women(27.59%) were in the status of iodine deficiency.There were statistically significant differences in the urinary iodine level between 3 different groups of the participants(χ2=33.738，P<0.05).Conclusion The results demonstrate that current iodine nutritional status is basically adequate in 3 groups of people in iodine-sufficient area.However,the prevalence of iodine deficiency in school-age children and pregnant women suggests the risk of iodine deficiency in iodine-sufficient area.Scientific supplementation of iodine and routine investigations on iodine nutrition should be conducted to assure adequate iodine intakes for different groups of people.
Objective To investigate iodine nutritional status and characteristics among adults,school-age children and pregnant women in iodine-sufficient areas in China since the implementation of Universal Salt Iodization(USI) in 1996.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.Fasting urinary iodine among 348 adults and 150 school-age children from Haixing county,Hebei province and 174 pregnant women from Tianjin were measured with As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry.Urinary iodine content and distribution trend of urinary iodine among the adults,children and pregnant women were determined and described.Results The median urinary iodine for the adults,school-age children and pregnant women in iodine-sufficient area were 185.20 μg/L，123.13 μg/L,and 217.06 μg/L,all at the level of adequate iodine intake.Most of the adults(62.07%),school-age children(68.67%),and pregnant women(63.22%) were in the status of iodine sufficiency,while some of the adults(12.93%),school-age children(22.00%),and pregnant women(27.59%) were in the status of iodine deficiency.There were statistically significant differences in the urinary iodine level between 3 different groups of the participants(χ2=33.738，P<0.05).Conclusion The results demonstrate that current iodine nutritional status is basically adequate in 3 groups of people in iodine-sufficient area.However,the prevalence of iodine deficiency in school-age children and pregnant women suggests the risk of iodine deficiency in iodine-sufficient area.Scientific supplementation of iodine and routine investigations on iodine nutrition should be conducted to assure adequate iodine intakes for different groups of people.
2014, 30(8): 1062-1065.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-25
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Objective To investigate the relationship between on duty and occupational stress among mine emergency rescuers.Methods The rescuers in national mine emergency base were selected with cluster sampling.Occupational stressors，relief factors and stress reactions were measured by using the General Job Stress Qestionnaire.Covariance was used for testing the difference among the groups with different score of occupational stress.Results The mean age of the 568 rescuers was 36.49±9.08 years;the average duration of service was 10.57±7.86 years;and the average frequency of on duty was 1.87±2.28 per month.Totally 143 rescuers(25.2%)had no experience of on duty;326 rescuers(57.4%)had on duty 1-3 times per month;and 99 rescuers(17.4%)had on duty more than 3 times per month.Compared to the rescuers without on duty experience or with on duty >3 times per month,the rescuers with on duty 1-3 times per month had the highest scores for using technology(8.60±2.70),job role(48.83±10.02),job monotonicity(8.58±2.61),superior support(8.47±3.28),colleague support(7.92±2.82),psychosomatic symptoms(29.60±11.27),and daily life stress(7.40±2.58).The rescuers with on duty 1-3 times per month had the lowest scores for job satisfaction(52.35±11.19)and psychological health(50.07±9.31).Conclusion The number of on duty per month influence occupational stress and on duty 1-3 times per month has the greatest influence on occupational stress among mine emergency rescuers.
Objective To investigate the relationship between on duty and occupational stress among mine emergency rescuers.Methods The rescuers in national mine emergency base were selected with cluster sampling.Occupational stressors，relief factors and stress reactions were measured by using the General Job Stress Qestionnaire.Covariance was used for testing the difference among the groups with different score of occupational stress.Results The mean age of the 568 rescuers was 36.49±9.08 years;the average duration of service was 10.57±7.86 years;and the average frequency of on duty was 1.87±2.28 per month.Totally 143 rescuers(25.2%)had no experience of on duty;326 rescuers(57.4%)had on duty 1-3 times per month;and 99 rescuers(17.4%)had on duty more than 3 times per month.Compared to the rescuers without on duty experience or with on duty >3 times per month,the rescuers with on duty 1-3 times per month had the highest scores for using technology(8.60±2.70),job role(48.83±10.02),job monotonicity(8.58±2.61),superior support(8.47±3.28),colleague support(7.92±2.82),psychosomatic symptoms(29.60±11.27),and daily life stress(7.40±2.58).The rescuers with on duty 1-3 times per month had the lowest scores for job satisfaction(52.35±11.19)and psychological health(50.07±9.31).Conclusion The number of on duty per month influence occupational stress and on duty 1-3 times per month has the greatest influence on occupational stress among mine emergency rescuers.
2014, 30(8): 1066-1068.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-26
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Objective To describe the characteristics and influence factors of the health human resource turnover among township health centers in Hubei province and to provide suggestions for the improvement of health human resource.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 90 township health centers to collect information on personnel turnover from 2008 to 2012 in Hubei province.SPSS 12.0 was used in data analyses.Results Township health centers employed 569(male:40.42%) professionals in 2008-2012,of which 69.42% were at or under 35 years of age and only 4.04% were over 45 years of age;15.11% had college or higher education and 36.91% had technical secondary school or lower education;12.3% had intermediate professional title and 47.63% had no professional title;31.99% took clinical medical work and 26.89% took nursing work.During the same period,there were 826 professionals left the township health centers(male:47.94%).Of the professionals departing,26.27% were at age of ≤35 years;33.41% were at the age of ≥45 years;8.4% had college or higher education and 50.7% had technical secondary school or lower education;35.84% had intermediate professional title and 8.13% had no professional title;40.14% were engaged in clinical medicine and 25.18% engaged in nursing work.There was no statistically significant gender difference(χ2=7.589，P>0.05) between the inflow and the outflow of the professionals,but there were statistically significant differences in age,education,professional title,and job post distributions(χ2=374.347,46.564，317.336，23.068;P<0.05 for all).Conclusion The health human resource turnover relevant to township hospitals and health centers was irrational and there was a serious loss of qualified medical professionals for the medical facilities at township level.
Objective To describe the characteristics and influence factors of the health human resource turnover among township health centers in Hubei province and to provide suggestions for the improvement of health human resource.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 90 township health centers to collect information on personnel turnover from 2008 to 2012 in Hubei province.SPSS 12.0 was used in data analyses.Results Township health centers employed 569(male:40.42%) professionals in 2008-2012,of which 69.42% were at or under 35 years of age and only 4.04% were over 45 years of age;15.11% had college or higher education and 36.91% had technical secondary school or lower education;12.3% had intermediate professional title and 47.63% had no professional title;31.99% took clinical medical work and 26.89% took nursing work.During the same period,there were 826 professionals left the township health centers(male:47.94%).Of the professionals departing,26.27% were at age of ≤35 years;33.41% were at the age of ≥45 years;8.4% had college or higher education and 50.7% had technical secondary school or lower education;35.84% had intermediate professional title and 8.13% had no professional title;40.14% were engaged in clinical medicine and 25.18% engaged in nursing work.There was no statistically significant gender difference(χ2=7.589，P>0.05) between the inflow and the outflow of the professionals,but there were statistically significant differences in age,education,professional title,and job post distributions(χ2=374.347,46.564，317.336，23.068;P<0.05 for all).Conclusion The health human resource turnover relevant to township hospitals and health centers was irrational and there was a serious loss of qualified medical professionals for the medical facilities at township level.
2014, 30(8): 1069-1072.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-27
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Objective To examine current status and problems about professional skills among nursing staff in nursing facilities for the elderly in western area of Liaoning province for making measures to improve overall quaility of the nursing staff.Methods With a self-designed questionnaire,relevent information were collected among 252 nursing staff in 38 nursing facilities for older persons in 5 cities and 10 counties of western area of Liaoning province.Results Among the nursing staff,53.57% were less than or equal to 30-years-old;46.23% had working experience of more than 30 years and 43.66% less than 10 years;60.32% had the education of under college level;30.96% were formal employees;62.70% did not took any training program and 61.11% had no nursing qualification certificate.Of the nursing staff,94.84% considered the necessity of professional training.There were more staff considering the necessity of professional training in formally employed staff than in temporarily employed staff(P<0.05).Conclusion The professional quality of nursing staff in nursing facilities for the elderly is low and needs to be improved for the development of endowment system in western area of Liaoning province.
Objective To examine current status and problems about professional skills among nursing staff in nursing facilities for the elderly in western area of Liaoning province for making measures to improve overall quaility of the nursing staff.Methods With a self-designed questionnaire,relevent information were collected among 252 nursing staff in 38 nursing facilities for older persons in 5 cities and 10 counties of western area of Liaoning province.Results Among the nursing staff,53.57% were less than or equal to 30-years-old;46.23% had working experience of more than 30 years and 43.66% less than 10 years;60.32% had the education of under college level;30.96% were formal employees;62.70% did not took any training program and 61.11% had no nursing qualification certificate.Of the nursing staff,94.84% considered the necessity of professional training.There were more staff considering the necessity of professional training in formally employed staff than in temporarily employed staff(P<0.05).Conclusion The professional quality of nursing staff in nursing facilities for the elderly is low and needs to be improved for the development of endowment system in western area of Liaoning province.
2014, 30(8): 1073-1074.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-28
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Objective To analyze the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) in AIDS patients with different baseline CD4 cell counts.Methods A total of 110 AIDS patients receiving the first HAART in Lanzhou Infectious Disease Hospital were recruited and divided into two groups with the baseline CD4 cell count of <200/μL and 200-349/μL.CD4 cell count of the patients at 3,6,and 12 month of HAART was detected and the viral load of baseline,at 9 and 12 month of HAART treatment was also measured.Baseline viral load,increase of CD4 cell count at different treatment stage,and viral load at 12 month of the treatment were compared between the two groups.Results The baseline viral load and the increase of CD4 cell counts after HAART showed significant differences between the two groups(t=2.808,P<0.01;t=-2.780,P<0.01),while the difference in viral load after HAART was not significant(χ2=0.921,P>0.05).The CD4 cell count showed significant differences among the patients in different treatment stages(F=12.674,P<0.001).Conclusion Beginning HAART in the AIDS patients with higher baseline CD4 cell count may achieve a better treatment outcome.
Objective To analyze the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) in AIDS patients with different baseline CD4 cell counts.Methods A total of 110 AIDS patients receiving the first HAART in Lanzhou Infectious Disease Hospital were recruited and divided into two groups with the baseline CD4 cell count of <200/μL and 200-349/μL.CD4 cell count of the patients at 3,6,and 12 month of HAART was detected and the viral load of baseline,at 9 and 12 month of HAART treatment was also measured.Baseline viral load,increase of CD4 cell count at different treatment stage,and viral load at 12 month of the treatment were compared between the two groups.Results The baseline viral load and the increase of CD4 cell counts after HAART showed significant differences between the two groups(t=2.808,P<0.01;t=-2.780,P<0.01),while the difference in viral load after HAART was not significant(χ2=0.921,P>0.05).The CD4 cell count showed significant differences among the patients in different treatment stages(F=12.674,P<0.001).Conclusion Beginning HAART in the AIDS patients with higher baseline CD4 cell count may achieve a better treatment outcome.
2014, 30(8): 1075-1077.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-29
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Objective To examine dietary behaviors and their influencing factors among college students in Qinghai province for the improvement of the students' dietary behavior.Methods With a self-designed questionnaire,1 452 college students from three universities were surveyed anonymously.Results The prevalence rate of eating snacks,eating sweets,eating roadside stalls,food preference,irregular meals,and not taking breakfast were 71.8%,52.3%,44.8%,43.0%,34.6%,and 13.9%,respectively.There were significant differences in poor dietary behaviors among the students of different gender,grades,majors,schools,and nationality.Factors influencing health status of the students included type of the college,gender and body mass index.Conclusion Overall level of poor dietary hebavior is high in college students in Qinghai province and unhealthy dietary behavior is an important problem in the students,suggesting health education should be strengthened to improve health consciousness in the students.
Objective To examine dietary behaviors and their influencing factors among college students in Qinghai province for the improvement of the students' dietary behavior.Methods With a self-designed questionnaire,1 452 college students from three universities were surveyed anonymously.Results The prevalence rate of eating snacks,eating sweets,eating roadside stalls,food preference,irregular meals,and not taking breakfast were 71.8%,52.3%,44.8%,43.0%,34.6%,and 13.9%,respectively.There were significant differences in poor dietary behaviors among the students of different gender,grades,majors,schools,and nationality.Factors influencing health status of the students included type of the college,gender and body mass index.Conclusion Overall level of poor dietary hebavior is high in college students in Qinghai province and unhealthy dietary behavior is an important problem in the students,suggesting health education should be strengthened to improve health consciousness in the students.
2014, 30(8): 1078-1080.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-30
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Objective To explore the relationship between the sense of security and marital quality among female teachers.Methods With stratified random sampling,709 married female teachers were selected from 3 universities,6 senior middle schools,5 junior middle schools,and 7 elementary schools in Qiqihar city and surveyed with a questionnaire.Results The marriage quality score among the female teachers aged 50 to 59 years was the highest and significantly higher compared with the female teachers aged 40 to 49 years(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the satisfaction to marital quality among the female teachers from different education institutions(P<0.01).There were significant associations of interpersonal security with marital quality domains of compatible character,conflict resolving,economic arrangement,and life concept(P<0.05);there were significant correlations between the sense of control and all marital quality domains except for relationship with relatives and friends and family role(P<0.05).Conclusion There is a close correlation between the sense of security and quality of marriage among female teachers in education institutions.
Objective To explore the relationship between the sense of security and marital quality among female teachers.Methods With stratified random sampling,709 married female teachers were selected from 3 universities,6 senior middle schools,5 junior middle schools,and 7 elementary schools in Qiqihar city and surveyed with a questionnaire.Results The marriage quality score among the female teachers aged 50 to 59 years was the highest and significantly higher compared with the female teachers aged 40 to 49 years(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the satisfaction to marital quality among the female teachers from different education institutions(P<0.01).There were significant associations of interpersonal security with marital quality domains of compatible character,conflict resolving,economic arrangement,and life concept(P<0.05);there were significant correlations between the sense of control and all marital quality domains except for relationship with relatives and friends and family role(P<0.05).Conclusion There is a close correlation between the sense of security and quality of marriage among female teachers in education institutions.
2014, 30(8): 1099-1102.
doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-08-39
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Objective To explore the mechanism of protective effect of vitamin D on cardiovascular tissue in the rats with myocardial infarction.Methods With a pre-experiment,the best time of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25[OH]2D3) intervention was determined by observing the expressions of Toll like receptor(TLR4) and its related signaling molecules in A7R5 cells treated with both lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and 1×10-7 mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3.The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:myocardial infarction(MI) model group(n=16) and 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment group(n=16),and a sham-operation group was used as control.The rats in 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment group were administered with 1×10-7 mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3 by gavage 48 hours after the MI operation and the rats in other two groups were treated with normal saline;the treatments were performed once a day for 4 weeks.At the end of the treatments,myocardial infarct size(MIS) and cardiac serum enzymes of the rats were detected.The level of TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB) were detected with real-time PCR and Western blot.Results Vitamin D had inhibitive effect on LPS-induced elevations of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB in A7R5 cells(P<0.01).Vitamin D could decrease MIS significantly(P<0.01) and improve the cardiac serum enzymes(P<0.01).Vitamin D could inhibit the expressions of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB in myocardial tissue(P<0.01).Conclusion Vitamin D has cardiovascular protective effect through downregulating TLR4 and its relation signaling molecules MyD88 and NF-κB.
Objective To explore the mechanism of protective effect of vitamin D on cardiovascular tissue in the rats with myocardial infarction.Methods With a pre-experiment,the best time of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25[OH]2D3) intervention was determined by observing the expressions of Toll like receptor(TLR4) and its related signaling molecules in A7R5 cells treated with both lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and 1×10-7 mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3.The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:myocardial infarction(MI) model group(n=16) and 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment group(n=16),and a sham-operation group was used as control.The rats in 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment group were administered with 1×10-7 mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3 by gavage 48 hours after the MI operation and the rats in other two groups were treated with normal saline;the treatments were performed once a day for 4 weeks.At the end of the treatments,myocardial infarct size(MIS) and cardiac serum enzymes of the rats were detected.The level of TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB) were detected with real-time PCR and Western blot.Results Vitamin D had inhibitive effect on LPS-induced elevations of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB in A7R5 cells(P<0.01).Vitamin D could decrease MIS significantly(P<0.01) and improve the cardiac serum enzymes(P<0.01).Vitamin D could inhibit the expressions of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB in myocardial tissue(P<0.01).Conclusion Vitamin D has cardiovascular protective effect through downregulating TLR4 and its relation signaling molecules MyD88 and NF-κB.
