Advance Search

2018 Vol. 34, No. 12

Display Method:
Incidence and risk factors of HIV sero-conversion among serodiscordant couples in Xinjiang
Yong-kang NI, Jun ZHOU, Xue-ling CHEN,
2018, 34(12): 1577-1580. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120586
Abstract(1719) HTML (439) PDF 510KB(86)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore incidence and influencing factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion among serodiscordant couples in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) and to provide a theoretical basis for implementing intervention on high-risk behavior to prevent HIV transmission among serodiscordant couples.  Methods  We recruited HIV serodiscordant couples in Xinjiang between January 2010 and March 2015 for a prospective cohort study. A every 3-month follow-up and every 6-month serological test plus interview on high risk behaviors were conducted among the participants of the study. The seroconversion rate by person years was calculated and Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the influencing factors of HIV seroconversion.  Results  For a total of 2 496.23 person years′ follow-up upon 1 162 HIV negative individuals among the serodiscordant couples recruited, 42 HIV seroconversions were identified and the seroconversion rate was 1.68/100 person-years. Multivariate analysis revealed that having intercourse more than twice per month during previous 6 months (adjusted hazard risk [aHR] = 2.48, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.22 – 5.02; P = 0.012) and the propositus′ latest CD4 cell count being less than 200/μL (aHR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.37 – 6.08; P = 0.006) were the risk factors of HIV seroconversion; whereas, continuous condom using (aHR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16 – 0.63; P = 0.003) and being aware of the transmission route of HIV (aHR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07 – 0.60; P = 0.004) were protective factors against HIV seroconversion.  Conclusion  The HIV seroconversion rate is high among serodiscordant couples in Xinjiang, suggesting that condom use and health education on HIVrelated knowledge should be promoted among the serodiscordant couples.
Change trends in AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and sexual behavior among high school students in urban Beijing: 2005 – 2014
Yuan-ting LEI, Ruo-ran LÜ, Jia-li DUAN,
2018, 34(12): 1581-1586. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118021
Abstract(1584) HTML (483) PDF 561KB(84)
Abstract:
  Objective  To describe change trends in AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and sexual behavior among high school students in urban Beijing and to explore main intervention measures in future.  Methods  The data on a total of 17 624 urban senior high school and vocational and technical students were extracted from the dataset of three waves of Beijing Youth Health Hazard Behavior Survey conducted in 2005, 2008 and 2014. The trends in AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and sexual behavior were described and compared by gender, school type and grade. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.  Results  The proportion of participants receiving AIDS-related health education increased during the period, with the ratios of 45.0%, 66.2%, and 73.8% for the boy students and 49.7%, 70.1%, and 77.4% for the girl students in 2005, 2008, and 2014, respectively. However, the knowledge level and the prevalence rate of positive attitude showed a decreasing trend after their initial increase. Lower ratios for correctly answering the question about the pathogen of AIDS were observed among vocational and technical school students (65.7%, 66.5%, and 42.7%) and senior high students of grade one (71.5%, 82.4%, and 54.6%) in the surveys conducted in 2005, 2008, and 2014. The vocational and technical school students reported the highest rates of sexual behavior (10.8%, 15.5%, and 11.2%) and forced sexual behavior (3.0%, 3.2%, and 4.4%) in the surveys conducted in 2005, 2008, and 2014. The sexual education from parents became one of the top three sources of AIDS-related knowledge among all the senior high school students of grade one and two in the survey conducted in 2014.  Conclusion  AIDS-related health education programs should be developed according to characteristics and requirements of different groups among high school students for efficient intervention.
Incidence and influencing factors of HIV infection among injection drug users in Xinjiang
Jun ZHOU, Yong-kang NI, Xue-ling CHEN,
2018, 34(12): 1587-1591. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120583
Abstract(1222) HTML (351) PDF 522KB(20)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine incidence rates and impact factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injection drug users (IDUs) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang).  Methods  We recruited HIV-negative IDUs in 6 regions with higher prevalence of HIV infection in Xinjiang from June 2010 to March 2015 for a prospective cohort study. The participants of the study were followed-up every 3-month and were surveyed with a questionnaire interview on drug behavior and HIV antibody test every 6-month.  Results  Among a total of 1 253 participants, 67 HIV infections were identified during the 3 year′s follow-up of 2 416 person years by the end of March 2015 and the incidence rate of HIV infection was 2.77 per 100 person-years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis revealed higher risk of HIV infection among Uygur IDUs (hazard ratio [HR]= 2.80, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.10 – 7.17), IDUs with primary school and lower education (HR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.30 – 10.39), and IDUs without income (HR = 4.77, 95% CI: 1.36 – 16.71) compared to the IDUs of other ethnic groups, with the high school and higher education, and with the monthly income of 2 000 RMB yuan or more. In contrast to the IDUs having the drug less than one time per week, the IDUs having the drug 1 – 3, 4 – 6, and ≥ 7 times per week had significantly increased HIV infection risk, with the HRs (95% CI) of 11.84 (1.59 – 88.39), 10.70 (1.40 – 81.78), and 32.09 (4.27 – 241.30), respectively. The IDUs sharing needles with others and not knowing the sharer′s HIV infection status had a significantly increased risk of HIV infection (HR = 4.89, 95% CI: 2.48 – 9.65) in comparison with the IDUs not sharing needles with others.  Conclusion  Both the incidence of HIV infection and high risk behavior relevant to HIV infection are at a high level among intravenous drug users in Xinjiang and the results indicate effective measures for HIV infection control should be implemented in the population.
Mortality and its influencing factors among HIV/AIDS patients within one year of confirmed diagnosis in Yuxi municipality, Yunnan province: 1995 – 2016
Wen-bin DONG, Shi-fu LI, Jin-xian ZHAO,
2018, 34(12): 1592-1598. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1117107
Abstract(1623) HTML (431) PDF 623KB(26)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the mortality and its influencing factors among acquired immune deficiency syndrome/ human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) patients within one year of confirmed diagnosis.  Methods  Data on HIV/AIDS patients dead between 1999 and 2016 and with the registered permanent residence in Yuxi municipality of Yunnan province were extracted form National Comprehensive Information System for AIDS Control and Prevention. The specific causes of the HIV/AIDS deaths were classified based on the Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe) Project. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with the deaths.  Results  Of the 888 deaths identified, 315 (35.47%) died from opportunistic infections and others from non-AIDS related diseases, including drug overdose, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, accident, and non-AIDS related malignancy. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that the patients with following characteristics were more likely to die within one year of the confirmed diagnosis: at older age at the diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] > 1 for all age groups compared to at the ages of 15 – 29 years, P < 0.05 for all), being infected through sexual transmission (OR = 1.907, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.174 – 3.096), being diagnosed with HIV infection in hospitals (OR = 8.494, 95% CI: 3.463 – 20.834) or in voluntary counseling and testing clinics (OR = 5.412, 95% CI: 2.112 – 13.870), with the CD4+T cell count of less than 200 cell/μL at the last detection (OR = 4.189, 95% CI: 1.352 – 12.981) and not having any CD4+T cell count test (OR = 2.527, 95% CI: 1.007 – 6.344), without subsidized care (OR = 2.521, 95% CI: 1.573 – 4.040), and not receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART) (OR = 2.521, 95% CI: 1.573 – 4.040). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed that the patients died of opportunistic infection, AIDS-related malignancy, and non-AIDS-related malignancy were at higher risk of being died within one year of the confirmed diagnosis, with the OR (95% CI) of 5.128 (1.965 – 13.383), 7.610 (1.535 – 37.731), and 4.184 (1.312 – 13.383), respectively. The proportion of the patients being died within one year of the confirmed diagnosis decreased from 49.34% for the period from 1999 and 2007 to 39.74% between 2014 and 2016.  Conclusion  The proportion of HIV/AIDS patients being died within one year of the confirmed diagnosis decreased yearly and the patients′ deaths were affect by multivariate factors in Yuxi municipality. The results suggest that specific interventions should be carried out to decrease the risk of death in the patients.
Screening on risk factors of suicide in people living with HIV/AIDS: an application of classification tree model
Han-xi ZHANG, Cong LIU, Yi-ran LI, , Wei-ping CAI, Yan GUO
2018, 34(12): 1599-1602. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1117370
Abstract(1259) HTML (442) PDF 633KB(54)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore influencing factors for suicide among the people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)(PLWHA) and to provide evidences for developing interventions on suicide in PLWHA.  Methods  Totally 450 PLWHA were recruited in No.8 People′s Hospital of Guangzhou City for a cross-sectional questionnaire survey between March and June 2013. Classification tree analysis was performed to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt in the participants.  Results  Of the 408 participants with valid information, 284 (69.6%) were male and 130 (31.9%) were female; 130 (31.9%) reported homosexual/bisexual orientation; 150 (36.8%) were identified with depression symptoms; and 134 (32.8%) reported suicidal ideation or attempt. The results of classification tree analysis revealed that significant risk factors for suicide included depression, educational level, sexual orientation, and stigma and following three groups of PLWHA were at a high risk of suicide: those with depression and higher educational level; those without depression but with homosexual orientation; without depression but with homosexual orientation and with perceived HIV-related stigma. The area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.763, with a significant difference from 0.5, suggesting a good fit of the established classification tree model.  Conclusion  Main risk factors of suicide screened out among the PLWHA of the study need to be concerned to decrease suicidal mortality in the population; in addition, intervention on suicide is also needed among the PLWHA without depression symptoms.
Survival and its related factors among adolescent and adult HIV/AIDS patients in Fujian province, 1987 – 2017
Liang CHEN, Qiao-ling LIAN, Ming-ya ZHANG,
2018, 34(12): 1603-1607. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119735
Abstract(1321) HTML (435) PDF 522KB(90)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the situation and associated factors of survival among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients registered in Fujian province.  Methods  We collected data on 12 079 HIV/AIDS patients aged≥15 years at the diagnosis and registered in Fujian province from January 1, 1987 till December 31, 2017 for a retrospective cohort study. We calculated all-cause and standardized mortality rate of the patients. Life table and Kaplan-Meier method were applied to analyze survival rate and time of the patients. Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore factors related to the survival time.  Results  Among the patients, the all-cause and standardized mortality rate were 5.37 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 5.10 – 5.64) and 7.99 (95% CI: 7.40 – 8.58) per 100 person-years; the average survival time was 17 (95% CI: 16.1 – 17.9) years; and the survival rate at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years were 92%, 82%, 73%, and 68%, respectively. The results of Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated that the patients being married or having a permanent heterosexual partner, being divorced or widowed, and with unknown marital status were at 1.248, 1.481, and 1.914 times higher probability of death compared to the unmarried patients; the patients aged ≥ 50 years at the diagnosis had a 2.466 times higher probability of death than the patients aged 15 – 49 years at the diagnosis; while, in comparison with the patients with the education of junior high school and below, the initial CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count of < 200 cells/mm3 at the diagnosis, and not receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), the patients with the education of senior high school and above, the initial CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count of ≥ 200 cells/mm3, and having received HAART had significantly decreased probability of death, with the hazard risk of 0.501, 0.357, and 0.146 respectively.  Conclusion  The all-cause mortality of HIV/AIDS patients in Fujian province decreased in recent years; the patients being unmarried, aged 15 – 49 years, with the education of senior high school and above, with the initial CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count of≥200 cells/mm3 at the diagnosis, and receiving HAART were at relatively lower probability of death.
Epidemiology characteristics of long-term nonprogressors among HIV-infected people in Nanning city of Guangxi
Si-si LI, Yong-fang XU, Li-ping NONG,
2018, 34(12): 1608-1611. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118198
Abstract(1621) HTML (521) PDF 502KB(20)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze epidemiology characteristics and determinants of long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people in Nanning city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi).  Methods  Data on HIV/AIDS patients registered from 1996 to August 31st, 2014 were retrieved from National Information Management System for Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control; then the 574 HIV/AIDS patients registered before 2004 and with the reported residence address in Nanjing city were included in the study. Descriptive epidemiology methods and logistic regression analysis were adopted in the study.  Results  Of the 574 HIV/AIDS patients, 202 were categorized as LTNP according to the strict definition of LTNP, accounting for 1.6% of all registered HIV/AIDS patients (12 545) during the 19-year period in the region. Among the 202 LTNP, 95 were alive and followed up. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, route of the infection, status of antiretroviral therapy, and whether being followed-up were the influencing factors of LTNP.  Conclusion  A portion of long-term nonprogressors exist among HIV-infected patients in Nanning city and the result provides a data set for further relevant researches.
Patterns of attitude and behavior about condom use when having sex with regular customers among elder female sex workers in Qingdao city
Ming-kun CAO, Yi-qing XU, Yi-fei LI,
2018, 34(12): 1612-1617. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118151
Abstract(1288) HTML (415) PDF 617KB(58)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore patterns and influencing factors of attitude and behavior about condom use when having commercial sex with regular customers among elder female sex workers (EFSWs) in Qingdao city and to provide evidences for developing intervention measures by relevant agencies.  Methods  Using respondent-driven sampling, we recruited 420 EFSWs (aged≥35 years, living in Qingdao city at least 3 months, and having self-reported commercial sex more than once a week during past one month) for a face-to-face questionnaire survey between March and June 2014. We adopted latent class analysis, χ2 test and logistic regression to analyze patterns and influencing factors of attitude and behavior about condom use when having commercial sex with regular customs among the participants.  Results  Two patterns of attitude and behavior about condom use when having commercial sex with regular customers, namely 'negative consensus' and 'positive contradiction', were identified based on latent class analysis and the ratios of the two patterns were 12.62% (53) and 87.38% (367) among all the participants. The results of χ2 test revealed that influencing factors for the attitude and behavior pattern included age (χ2 = 13.27, P = 0.001), education level (χ2 = 12.23, P = 0.002), income of the commercial sex (χ2 = 7.89, P = 0.019), knowledge about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (χ2 = 5.63, P = 0.018), and drug abuse (χ2 = 4.03, P = 0.045). The results of logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the participants aged 35 – 39 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.47, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.55 – 7.76), aged 40 – 49 years (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.36 – 6.17), with junior high school education (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.05 – 4.19), and having HIV infection related knowledge (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.01 – 3.53) were more likely to manifest ‘positive contradiction′ pattern; while those reporting drug abuse (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17 – 0.71) were more likely to manifest ‘negative consensus′ pattern.  Conclusion  There are two main patterns of attitude and behavior about condom use when having commercial sex with regular customers and the patterns are mainly influenced by age, education, HIV knowledge, and drug abuse among EFSWs in Qingdao city.
Late bedtime: influencing factors and its association with depression and externalizing problems among adolescents
Song-xia GUO, Fei GUO, Zhi-yan CHEN
2018, 34(12): 1618-1622. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120637
Abstract(1495) HTML (486) PDF 541KB(88)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore influencing factors of late bedtime and associations of late bedtime on weekday/weekend, discrepancy between weekday and weekend bedtime with depression and externalizing problems in adolescents.  Methods  The data of the study were from the second survey of Adolescent Mental Health in China conducted in 2009. Totally 4 464 adolescents aged 10 – 21 years were selected with stratified multistage cluster random sampling in 9 cities located in north-western, eastern, western and central China for a self-administered on-site questionnaire survey.  Results  Weekday and weekend late bedtime were reported by 24.3% and 35.9% of the male participants, but by 28.9% and 38.9% of the female participants, with significant differences (Pweekday < 0.001 and Pweekend < 0.05) and suggesting that the female participants were more likely to have late bedtime. Compared to the participants with poor parental relationship, the participants with very good and good parental relationship reported both significantly less weekday and less weekend late bedtime (Pvery good parental relationship < 0.01, Pgood parental relationship < 0.05). The average age was 15.07 ± 2.45 and 16.8 ± 2.02 years for the participants reporting weekday and weekend late bedtime, which were significantly different from those not reporting weekday and weekend late bedtime (15.19 ± 2.48 and 16.20 ± 2.35) (both P < 0.001), suggesting that the participants at elder age were more likely to have late bedtime. After adjusting demographic variables, both weekday and weekend late bedtime were positively associated with depression score (βweekday =0.051, P < 0.01; βweekend = 0.099, P < 0.001) and with the score for externalizing problems (βweekday = 0.038, P < 0.05; βweekend = 0.122, P < 0.001). The discrepancy between weekday and weekend late bedtime was positively correlated with both depression score (βweekend-weekday = 0.097, P < 0.001) and the score for externalizing problems (βweekend-weekday = 0.151, P < 0.001).  Conclusion  The adolescent being female, at elder age, in a family with poor parental relationship, and being a resident student are more likely to have weekday and weekend bedtime. The adolescents having late bedtime are at a high risk of depression and have externalizing problems.
Mental health service acquisition and demand among rural left-behind and non-left-behind school children: a comparative analysis
Ting SUN, Qi-shou TANG, Wu-li ZHANG,
2018, 34(12): 1623-1626. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120954
Abstract(1471) HTML (334) PDF 511KB(29)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore differences in mental health service (MHS) acquisition and demand between rural left-behind and non-left-behind school children and to provide evidences for establishing MHS system.  Methods  We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey among 3 456 primary school students of grade 4 to 6 and junior high school students of grade 1 to 3 selected in 14 schools in rural areas of Sichuan, Anhui and Henan province with stratified random cluster sampling between April and July, 2018. We used a self-designed questionnaire to assess MHS acquisition and demand among rural left-behind and non-left-behind school children.  Results  Among the 3 146 eligible participants, there were no significant differences between left-behind and non-left-behind school children in MHS acquisition rate (27.9% vs. 27.0%), introducers of MHS providers, effect assessment on MHS received, and the way to get MHS acquisition channels (P > 0.05 for all). But there was a significant difference in the rate of MHS between left-behind children and non-left-behind school children (63.0% vs. 57.2%) (P = 0.001); significant differences were also found in demands of following 6 MHS items between the two groups of the school students: improving anxious or depressive emotion, overcoming stress symptoms when answering questions or talking with strangers (including nervousness, red face or heartbeat, sweating, and stuttering), changing passive attitude towards things encountered, self-affirmation, developing a strong mind of self, avoiding being bullied, and ways to cope with stress or other bad things (P < 0.05 for all).  Conclusion  There are obvious disparities in acquisition rate, ways, and demands of mental health service between rural left-behind and non-left-behind school children; the rural left-behind school children need more mental health service, especially self-improvement-related items, than the non left-behind children.
Mediation effect of perceived social support on correlation between parental attachment and depression of children
Lin WANG, Ru HAN, Shu-yang JIANG,
2018, 34(12): 1627-1630. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121174
Abstract(1570) HTML (470) PDF 583KB(142)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore mediating effect of perceived social support on the correlation between parental attachment and depression among children.  Methods  Using cluster sampling, we conducted a questionnaire survey among 2 721 students of 4 – 9 grade in a nine-year school in Hefei city of Anhui province. Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression – Short Form (CES-D10), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were adopted in the survey.  Results  The mean depression score was 8.55 ± 4.7 for all the students; the mean depression score of the junior high school students (7 – 9 grade) was significantly higher than that of primary school students (4 – 6 grade) and no gender difference in the score was observed. Both the scores of mother attachment and father attachment of the primary school students were significanbtly higher than those of junior high school students and the girls′ scores were significantly higher than those of the boys. There was a significant difference in perceived social support scores among the students of different grade but there was no gender difference in the scores. There was a significant reverse associations of depression score with father attachment score (r = – 0.249), mother attachment t (r = – 0.261), and perceived social support score (r = – 0.316)(P < 0.01 for all). The effect of parental attachment on depression was partially mediated by perceived social support (Y = – 0.085, P < 0.001).  Conclusion  Parental attachment can affect depression directly and indirectly through perceived social support among primary and junior high school students. Therefore, promoting perceived social support is conducive to reduce depression level among school children.
Assessment on health benefit of air pollution control in Jiangsu province
Hui-juan LI, Ming-quan LI
2018, 34(12): 1631-1637. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1117789
Abstract(1468) HTML (490) PDF 746KB(78)
Abstract:
  Objective  To quantitatively assess health economic benefit of implementing control of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) pollution in Jiangsu province.  Methods  Using environmental health risk and environmental value assessment method, we assessed health benefits of air pollution control among permanent urban residents in 13 municipalities of Jiangsu province and compared the assessment results for various cities. Baseline data were those collected in 2015 and the health effects to be achieved in relation to PM2.5 concentration in ambient air requested by national secondary standard (GB3095 – 2012) were adopted in the assessment.  Results  The decreased number of people potentially affected by PM2.5 pollution after implementing control measures was 1.28 millions (95 confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.58 – 1.93), accounting for 2.92% (95% CI: 1.33% – 4.39%) of total urban population in the province, with the estimated corresponding total health economic benefit of 70.24 (95% CI: 23.12 – 109.35) billions yuan RMB, equivalent to 1.00% (95% CI: 0.32% – 1.20%) of gross domestic product (GDP) of Jiangsu province in 2015. The estimated health benefit varied in the southern, northern, and central region of Jiangsu province in descending order. The estimated health benefit would be much more greater if more stringent standard for ambient air quality is adopted.  Conclusion  If more strict measures for PM2.5 pollution control are implemented in Jiangsu province, the health status of urban residents could be improved effectively and considerable health economic benefit could be achieved.
Psychological characteristics and related behaviors among transgender women in Shandong province: a cross-sectional study
Cui-xia LÜ, Xiao-fei ZHANG, Ji-hua FU
2018, 34(12): 1638-1641. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118684
Abstract(1709) HTML (777) PDF 478KB(205)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine psychological characteristics and related behaviors among transgender (male-to-female, [MTF]) women.  Methods  Using snowball sampling, we recruited 160 male adults (≥18) with the gender identity being opposite to their assigned sex and having sex with men in Shandong province for an anonymous face-to-face interview conducted from January 2016 to October 2017 with a self-designed questionnaire.  Results  The age of the participants ranged from 19 to 44 years, with a median of 27 years. Of all the participants, 93.1% were Han people; 80.0% were unmarried; 83.1% had the education of senior high school and above; 74.4% were non-only-child; 74.4% expressed a male sexual orientation; 64.3% reported having unprotected receptive anal sex; and 16.3% reported having sex reassignment surgery. Among the participants, 51.2% reported a self-identified complete female psychological gender and 48.8% reported an uncertain psychological gender; there were significant differences between the two groups in marital status (P = 0.003), whether having a stable employment (P = 0.013), gender ratio for the people frequently contacted (P = 0.002), sexual orientation (P = 0.0001), pattern of dressing up when engaged in social activities (P = 0.0001), whether having sex with a female (P = 0.002), whether having commercial sex (P = 0.012), whether having gender reassignment surgery (P = 0.001), and whether experiencing violent or other types of abuse correlated with transgender identity (P = 0.004).  Conclusion  There is a risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in MTF transgender women, especially in those with the identification of complete female psychological gender. The results indicate that intervention measures should be promoted among the population for the prevention of HIV infection.
Inhibitory effect of lutein on proliferation of human prostate cancer PC-3M cells
Xing-long YE, Li-jing ZHAO, Ding-jian JIN
2018, 34(12): 1642-1645. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120135
Abstract(1405) HTML (535) PDF 784KB(37)
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate inhibitive effect of lutein on the proliferation of human prostate cancer PC-3M cells and the mechanism of the effect in vitro.  Methods  Human prostate cancer PC-3M cells were randomly divided into a control group and 4 lutein treatment groups at doses of 5, 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L. The inhibitive rate of PC-3M cells proliferation was measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay; the cell cycle of PC-3M cells was detected with flow cytometry; the cell morphology was observed with fluorescence development; and the content of caspase-3 in the cell culture supernatant was measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.  Results  Compared with that in the control group, the inhibitive rate of the PC-3M cells′ proliferation was significantly increased in all lutein dose groups in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). The proportion of the cells in G1 phase increased but that in G2M phase decreased significantly for the PC-3M cells treated with lutein at various doses in comparison with that of cells of control group (both P < 0.01). Significantly changed morphologies were observed in lutein-treated PC-3M cells, including rounded cell shape, nucleus fragmentation, condensed nuclear chromatin, and formation of apoptotic bodies, in contrast to those of the control cells; the number of apoptotic cells increased significantly with the increment of lutein doses. The content of caspase-3 in culture supernatant of PC-3M cells treated with various doses of lutein was significantly higher than that of control cells and the increase of caspase-3 was positively correlated with the increment of lutein dose significantly (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Lutein can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of human prostate cancer PC-3M cells in vitro; the mechanism of the effect may be related to the increased expression of caspase-3 in the lutein-treated PC-3M cells.
PM2.5 induced lung oxidative stress injury and protective effect of lipoic acid against the injury in rats
Xiao-hong LI, Sheng-wen HE, Jin-feng TAN,
2018, 34(12): 1646-1649. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119847
Abstract(1668) HTML (461) PDF 519KB(30)
Abstract:
  Objective  To observe lung oxidative stress injury induced by particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and the effect of different dose alpha lipoic acid (ALA) against the injury in rats.  Methods  Totally 48 male specific pathogen free Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into a PM2.5 group with intratracheal instillation of suspension (2 ml/kg) of PM2.5 sampled from ambient air in Weifang city once a day for three days, and three groups of PM2.5 plus low, moderate and high dose ALA (intraperitoneal injection at dosages of 20, 40, 80 μg/kg 24 hours before the PM2.5 treatment), and a control group with intratracheal instillation and intraperitoneal injection of saline. By the end of the treatments, all the rats were sacrificed after 8 hours of fasting; then, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue specimens were collected for detections of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) using kit assays.  Results  The body weight gain of PM2.5 group was significantly lower than that of control group (63.5 ± 3.69 g vs. 96.35 ± 4.32 g); while the body weight gain (93.56 ± 4.31 g) of PM2.5 plus high-dose ALA pretreatment group was significantly higher than that of PM2.5 group. Compared to those of the control group, the serum SOD and GSH of PM2.5 group decreased significantly (both P < 0.05) and compared to those of the PM2.5 group, the serum SOD, GSH-Px, and GSH of the PM2.5 plus moderate and high ALA pretreatment group increased significantly (P < 0.05 for all). The GSH-Px and GSH decreased significantly but the MDA and glutathione disulfide (GSSG)/GSH ratio increased significantly in BALF of the PM2.5 group in comparison to those of the control group (P < 0.05 for all); while, the GSH-Px and GSH increased but the GSSG/GSH ratio in BALF of the PM2.5 plus moderate and high ALA pretreatment group decreased significantly in contrast to those of the PM2.5 group (P < 0.05 for all). Significantly decreased SOD, GSH-Px, and GSH and increased MDA and GSSG/GSH ratio were observed in lung tissues of the PM2.5 group compared to those of the control group (P < 0.05 for all); whereas, the PM2.5 plus high ALA pretreatment group demonstrated significantly increased SOD and GSH and decreased GSSG/GSH ratio compared to the PM2.5 group (P < 0.05 for all).  Conclusion  PM2.5 at certain dosages could induce lung oxidative damage and pretreatment with different dose of alpha lipoic acid is of protective effect against the injury in rats.
Oxidative stress-related discrepant expression of sirtuin 1 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Jun-qiao FENG, Liu YANG, Yuan ZHOU,
2018, 34(12): 1650-1653. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119547
Abstract(1145) HTML (511) PDF 702KB(20)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the effect of oxidative stress on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.  Methods  Human RPE cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at concentrations of 0, 200, 300 µmol/L. RPE cell morphology was observed with Giemsa staining 24 hours after the treatment. SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression were detected 24 and 72 hours after H2O2 treatment.  Results  The morphology of RPE cells was damaged and apoptotic bodies were observed after treatment with different concentrations of H2O2; SIRT1 mRNA level was increased in a dose-dependent manner 24 hours after H2O2-induced oxidative stress. However, 72 hours after H2O2 treatment SIRT1 protein expression was reduced significantly.  Conclusion  Oxidative stress can lead to morphological changes in RPE cells; SIRT1 maintains the balance of the oxidation reduction system in RPE cells and could be used as a therapeutic target in for clinical management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Anemia prevalence of among 0 – 5 years old children in China, 2013
Hong-yun FANG, Dong-mei YU, Qi-ya GUO,
2018, 34(12): 1654-1657. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120931
Abstract(1674) HTML (474) PDF 498KB(139)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the prevalence of anemia among 0 – 5 years old children in China.  Methods  The data on 29 677 children aged 0 – 5 years in 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across China were extracted from National Nutrition and Health Surveillance conducted in 2013. World Health Organization standards for diagnosis of anemia were used in the study.  Results  The prevalence rates of anemia were higher than 10.0% among the children in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Chongqing municipality, of which, the highest rate (25.2%) was observed among the children in Sichuan province. The anemia prevalence rate ranged from 24.6% to 11.7% among the children in urban areas of Sichuan (24.6%), Shandong (19.0%), Heilongjiang (14.4%), Hubei (13.8%), Hunan (13.1%), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (13.0%) and Liaoning province (11.7%); while, the rate fluctuated between 27.5% and 11.1% among the children in rural areas of Qinghai (27.5%), Shanxi (26.1%), Sichuan (25.6%), Jiangxi (23.8%), Shaanxi (18.3%), Guizhou (17.1%), Hubei (14.4%), Fujian (12.6%), and Jilin province (11.8%), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (13.5%) and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (11.1%), and Chongqing municipality (22.4%), respectively.  Conclusion  There are obvious differences in anemia prevalence among 0 – 5 years old children in various provincial regions and between urban and rural areas in China. The anemia prevalence rate is relatively higher (> 10.0%) among the 0 – 5 years children in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Chongqing municipality; in Sichuan province with the highest anemia prevalence rate, more than one fifth of the 0 – 5 years old children suffering from anemia.
Ocular solar UV exposure intensity above natural water in Shenyang city
Fang-fang MA, Ren-tong CHEN, Nan WANG,
2018, 34(12): 1658-1661. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119533
Abstract(1363) HTML (468) PDF 692KB(77)
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the effect of water surface reflection on ocular solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure and to provide a basis for UV protection of eye.  Methods  We measured ocular solar UV exposure intensity above natural water surface and ground surface with wood board pavement simultaneously in a park of Shenyang city in August 2017. A self-made rotating model for simulation of ocular UV exposure was used in the study.  Results  The ocular exposure intensity of both ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) above natural water surface were higher than those above the ground surface with wood board pavement. Bimodal distribution in daily variation of the maximum ocular UVA intensity was observed for exposures above natural water and ground surface, with the differences in maximum intensity of 479 μW/cm2 (in the morning) and 526 μW/cm2 (in the afternoon) between exposures above the natural water surface and the ground surface. No obvious bimodal distribution in daily variation of the maximum ocular UVB intensity was observed and the difference in the maximum ocular UVB exposure intensity was 14 μW/cm2 between exposures above the natural water surface and the ground surface, with generally higher UV expore of various directions above the natural water suiface than above grounal surface.  Conclusion  The ocular solar UV exposure intensity is higher above natural water surface than above ground surface with wood board pavement in Shenyang city.
Incidence of birth defects in Liaoning province, 2006 – 2015
Yan-ling CHEN, Chang-hui LI, Yan-hong HUANG
2018, 34(12): 1662-1664. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119905
Abstract(1301) HTML (298) PDF 459KB(37)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the incidence rate and epidemiological characteristics of birth defects in Liaoning province.  Methods  We collected and analyzed the surveillance data on all birth defects diagnosed during perinatal period and within one year after birth among all live births and stillbirths in Liaoning province from 2006 through 2015.  Results  The average incidence rate of birth defect was 205.9/10 000 during the 10-year period in the province. The top 5 birth defects were congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, polydactylia, neural tube defects, and congenital hydrocephalus, which together accounting for 51.9% of all the birth defects reported. Of all the birth defects reported, 35.1% were intrauterine stillbirths, stillbirths, infant deaths, and termination of pregnancy. The incidence rate of birth defects was 225.5/10 000 in the male fetuses and infants and significantly higher than that (177.7/10 000) in the female fetuses and infants. The incidence rate of neural tube defects and angioma were higher in the female fetuses than in the male fetuses, but the rate of congenital heart disease, hydrocephalus, hypospadias, cleft lip, and palate were higher in the male fetuses than in the female fetuses. The top ten birth defects differed obviously between perinatal pregnancies and pregnancies less than 28 gestational weeks.  Conclusion  Congenital heart disease is one of the main defects affecting birth outcomes and population quality in Liaoning province. With the general application of ultrasonic screening and prenatal genetic screening, the incidence of neural tube defects in perinatal period was significantly decreasing. However, there was no significant reduction in the rate of major birth defects during the whole pregnancy.
Risk factors of scrub typhus in Ganzhou city of Jiangxi province: a case control study
Yong LIAO, Ren-fa HUANG, Xiao-jun HU,
2018, 34(12): 1665-1667. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120870
Abstract(1252) HTML (496) PDF 503KB(70)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore risk factors of scrub typhus in Ganzhou city of Jiangxi province and to provide evidences for the prevention and control of the disease.  Methods  We recruited 67 scrub typhus cases (46 laboratory test confirmed and 21 clinically diagnosed) in three counties with the surveillance on the disease in Jiangxi province between 2015 and 2016. Then we selected 201 (for the ratio of 1 : 3) sex-, age (± 5 years)-, occupation-, and living residence-matched controls. A face-to-face interview and serum sample collection for Weil-Felix test were conducted among all the participants. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were adopted in data analyses using SPSS 20.0.  Results  Univariate analyses indicated that working in a navel orange orchard or sweet potato field, with weeds or firewood stacking in home environment, frequent infestation of mouse at home, with wild grass ground/vegetable field/rice field around home were significant risk factors of exposure to scrub typhus (P < 0.05 for all). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of scrub typhus relevant to following factors: working in a navel orange orchard (OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.45 – 7.98), working in a sweet potato field (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.03 – 5.74), with weeds or firewood stacking in home environment (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.13 – 5.35), frequent infestation of mouse at home (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.10 – 5.59), and with wild grass ground/vegetable field/rice field around home (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.10 – 3.94).  Conclusion  Working in a navel orange orchard or sweet potato field, with weeds or firewood stacking in home yard, frequent infestation of mouse at home, and with wild grass ground/vegetable field/rice field around home are risk factors of scrub typhus in Ganzhou city of Jiangxi province.
Associations of social support, perceived loneliness and coping style with mental health among only-child-lost people
Zhi-hui GUO, Ya-ning CHANG, Zhi-qi PENG,
2018, 34(12): 1668-1671. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119002
Abstract(1876) HTML (480) PDF 564KB(36)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore associations of social support, perceived loneliness, and coping style with mental health among only-child-lost people in Baoji city of Shaanxi province and to provide references for conducting mental health education among the people.  Methods  Using stratified random cluster sampling, we conducted a questionnaire survey among 249 only-child-lost people aged > 49 years in urban regions of Baoji city during August 2016. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were adopted in the study.  Results  The mean K10 score was 24.37 ± 9.92 for all the participants and 51.0% of the participants were assessed at a high risk (20.1% [50] at risk level 3 and 30.9% [77] at risk level 4) of having mental illness. There were a significant reverse correlation between SSRS score and K10 score (r = – 0.304, P < 0.01) and a positive correlation between UCLA-LS score and K10 score (r = 0.525, P < 0.01). Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that perceived loneliness and positive coping exerted impacts on mental health in the participants.  Conclusion  The only-child-lost people′s mental health could be promoted by social support and predicted by perceived loneliness and the perceived loneliness plays a mediating effect on associations of positive coping and social support with mental health among the only-child-lost people.
Association of 5-HT receptor gene interaction with sleep disorder among depression patients
Lin WANG, Nan NING, Jing SHI,
2018, 34(12): 1672-1674. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1113333
Abstract(1309) HTML (311) PDF 469KB(30)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the association of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) genes with sleep disorder among depression patients.  Methods  A total of 275 unipolar depression outpatients with sleep disorder were recruited in the Psychiatry Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and 300 gender- and age-matched healthy persons taking physical examination at the hospital and during the same period were selected between September 2014 and June 2016 in Harbin city of Heilongjiang province. The DNA of all the participants were extracted and genotype distributions of 5-HT2AR rs6315 and 5-HT2CR rs518147 genes were detected with single base extension single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing technique. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed with SPSS 18.0.  Results  The proportions of cases with 5-HT2AR rs6315 genotype of AA, AG, and GG were 74.5.0% (205/275), 12.7% (35/275), and 12.7% (35/275) and those of the controls were 83.7% (251/300), 5% (15/300), and 11.3% (34/300), respectively; the proportions of cases with 5-HT2AR rs6315 allele of A and G were 80.9% (445/550) and 19.1% (105/550) and those of the controls were 86.2% (517/600) and 13.8% (83/600). There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency distribution of 5-HT2AR rs6315 between the cases and the controls (P < 0.05 for all); but no significant differences were observed in the genotype and allele frequency distribution of 5-HT2CR rs518147 between the cases and the controls (P > 0.05 for all). There were no interactions between genes of 5-HT2AR rs6315 and 5-HT2CR rs518147 among both the cases and the controls and there was no significant difference in the interaction of the two genes between the cases and the controls (P > 0.05).  Conclusion  5-HT2AR rs6315 and 5-HT2CR rs518147 genes are not significantly correlated with sleep disorder among depression patients.
Prevalence and spatial clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis in Qiqihar city, 2008 – 2016
Yu CHENG, Xue PAN, Ke-jia ZHU,
2018, 34(12): 1675-1678. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119843
Abstract(1715) HTML (433) PDF 668KB(63)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore prevalence characteristics and spatial aggregation of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Qiqihar municipality and to provide evidences for TB prevention and control.  Methods  We extracted data on TB cases newly reported between 2008 and 2016 in Qiqihar municipality from TB Information Management System and municipal demographic data of the same period were also collected. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze prevalence characteristics and seasonal variation of TB; global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis on TB incidence among 117 township regions was performed.  Results  The average annual TB incidence rate was 95.42/100 000; the annual rate increased significantly during the period (Ztrend = 13.696 3, P < 0.001). The TB prevalence rate was significantly higher among the male residents than among the female residents (χ2 = 4 960.66, P < 0.001); the male to female ratio for the total number of TB cases was about 2 : 1. Of all the reported TB cases, 23.32% were aged 40 – 49 years and 89.43% were farmers and housekeepers. Spatial correlation analysis revealed a positive spatial autocorrelation in TB incidence between 2014 – 2016 (Moran's I > 0, P < 0.001) and high-high clustering of reported TB incidents was found in 7 township regions of the municipality.  Conclusion  The incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Qigihar municipality increased gradually and showed a spatial clustering between 2008 and 2016. The results suggest that surveillance and management on pulmonary tuberculosis should be strengthened and targeted prevention and control strategies should be developed among high risk populations and high clustering regions.
Relationship between neonatal hemangioma incidence and air quality in Shenyang city
Jia NI, Yan-hong HUANG, Li-li LI,
2018, 34(12): 1679-1681. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118936
Abstract(1407) HTML (335) PDF 534KB(55)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the relationship between the incidence of neonatal hemangioma and ambient air quality in Shenyang city and to provide references for the prevention of hemangioma.  Methods  We collected data on neonatal hemangioma incidents reported by 63 disease surveillance sites in 13 districts (counties) of Shenyang municipality from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010, and extracted the data on ambient air concentrations of sulfur dioxide ( SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) form Environmental Quality Report issued by Shenyang Environmental Monitoring Center simultaneously. Then we analyzed the relationship between the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM10 in ambient air and the incidence of neonatal hemangioma.  Results  During the 5-year period, the average concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in ambient air in the city were 0.058 ± 0.060, 0.038 ± 0.019, and 0.113 ± 0.063 mg/m3 and the mean incidence rate of neonatal hemangioma was 13.86/10 000. The annual incidence rates of neonatal hemangioma were 6.13, 18.49, 20.79, 13.51, and 9.21 per 10 000 neonates in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively, with a significant yearly difference (χ2 = 61.59, P < 0.05). The variation in the incidence of neonatal hemangioma was basically consistent with the that of ambient air concentration of SO2 and PM10 but not consistent with that of NO2 for residential area of the pregnant women during the first 3 months of pregnancy.  Conclusion  Pregnant women′s exposure to SO2 and PM10 in ambient air during the first trimester of pregnancy may associate with the incidence of neonatal hemangioma in Shenyang city.
Prevalence of common diseases among primary and high school students in Baotou city, 2014 – 2016: surveillance data analysis
Xiao-mei ZHANG, Jing LU
2018, 34(12): 1682-1684. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119674
Abstract(1442) HTML (444) PDF 483KB(64)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the prevalence rate of common diseases among primary and high school students in Baotou city for evaluating school health promotion and providing evidences to the development of disease prevention measures.  Methods  We collected the data on annual physical examination of 689 513 person-times of students from all primary and high schools in 10 banners/counties/districts of Baotou municipality of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2016 and analyzed the prevalence of poor eyesight, malnutrition, obesity, and permanent teeth caries among the students.  Results  The chronic diseases with the top four prevalence rate were poor eyesight (37.22%), permanent teeth caries (12.53%), obesity (8.03%), and malnutrition (3.67%) for all the students during the period. The prevalence rate of obesity increased significantly in 2016 (P < 0.05) but that of poor eyesight, permanent teeth caries, and malnutrition showed a significantly declining trend (P < 0.05 for all). The prevalence rate of poor eyesight, obesity, and malnutrition were significantly higher (all P < 0.05) but the prevalence rate of permanent teeth caries was significantly lower (P < 0.05) among the high school students than those among the primary school students.  Conclusion  The prevalence rates of common diseases are relatively high, especially for poor eyesight and permanent teeth caries, among primary and high school students in Baotou city. The results suggest that interventions on these diseases need to be carried out among the students.
Therapeutic effect of I125 radioactive particles on non-small cell lung cancer
Hong-qian JIANG, Hai-tao YANG, Dong-mei LI,
2018, 34(12): 1685-1687. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120258
Abstract(1159) HTML (422) PDF 479KB(58)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore short-term therapeutic effect of I125 radioactive particles implantation on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of ≤ 7 cm and > 7 cm in tumor diameter.  Methods  We recruited 309 pathologically confirmed NSCLC patients (38 and 271 with the tumor of 7 cm and > 7 cm in diameter) who had their first visit to Liaoning People′s Hospital from October 2009 to January 2018. Then, we implanted I125 radioactive particles (18G particles of 115 – 125 in number, 4.5 mm in length and 0.8 mm in diameter) into tumors under the guidance of 5 mm slice thickness continuous computed tomography (CT) scanning among all the patients and we conducted the implantation again two or three months later among the patients with the tumor of > 7 cm in diameter. Therapeutic effects of the implantation were observed one month after the treatment and compared between the two groups of the patients.  Results  The overall effective rate was 83.2% (257/309) one month after the first implantation and the effective rate was significantly higher among the patients with the tumors of ≤ 7 cm in diameter than among those with the tumor of > 7 cm (89.3% vs. 39.5%, χ2 = 59.1; P < 0.05). The therapeutic effect of the second implantation was significantly higher than that of the first one (χ2 = 4.12, P < 0.05), but the short-term outcome of the treatment was poor among the patients with tumors of > 7 cm in diameter.  Conclusion  I125 radioactive seed implantation is of good therapeutic effect on NSCLC for the patients with the tumors of < 7 cm in diameter but the effect is poor for the patients with the tumors of > 7 cm and multiple implantations are required among the patients.
Parenting style and its influencing factors among Tibetan adolescents in Lhasa city
Dejiquzong, Danzengdunzhu, Luobuzhandui,
2018, 34(12): 1687-1691. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120572
Abstract(1673) HTML (504) PDF 513KB(58)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore parenting style and its influencing factors among Tibetan adolescents in Lhasa city.  Methods  We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey among 871 students recruited with multistage cluster sampling in a junior high school, a senior high school, and a university in Lhasa city in September and October 2015. Short Form Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran (s-EMBU) was adopted in the survey. Rank sum test was used in univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression was used in the multivariate analysis.  Results  Similar parenting style of the fathers and mothers was reported by the students. With the increment of age, the students perceived less parental rejection and more emotional warmth (P < 0.001). Compared to the adolescents with parents married, the adolescents with the parents divorced reported more rejection from their parents (Bfather = 0.20 and Bmother = 0.23) and less emotional warmth from their father (B = – 0.19). The girl students perceived more emotional warmth from both father (B = 0.13) and mother (B = 0.16) and more overprotection from mother (B = 0.12) than the boy students. The adolescents with the monthly family income of less than 1 000 RMB Yuan and those with higher monthly family income perceived more parental emotional warmth and overprotection from mother (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  For the adolescents in Lhasa city, the parenting style correlates with their age, gender, family income and their parents′ marital status.
Incidence, mortality and life lost of malignancies among residents living in areas covered by cancer registry in Jiangxi province, 2010 – 2017
Jie LIU, Li-ping ZHU, Xu-li YANG,
2018, 34(12): 1692-1695. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120543
Abstract(1860) HTML (548) PDF 534KB(124)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the incidence and mortality of malignancies among the residents living in the areas covered by cancer registry in Jiangxi province between 2010 and 2017.  Methods  We collected the data of 2010 – 2017 on population, incidence and mortality of malignancies, and death registration for populations in 12 counties or districts covered by the National Cancer Registry in Jiangxi province. Then we calculated the incidence, mortality, age-standardized rate of malignancies and potential years of life lost (PYLL), potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR), average years of life lost (AYLL), and years of life lost (YLL) due to malignancies during the 8-year period in the 12 regions.  Results  For the 12 regions during the period, the crude incidence rate of malignancy was 204.43/100 000 and the age standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population in 2000 (ASIRC) was 167.49/100 000; the incidence rate was significantly higher in the males than in the females (P < 0.01) and higher in urban regions than in rural regions (P < 0.01). The crude mortality rate of malignancies was 125.68/100 000 and age standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population in 2000 (ASMRC) was 99.87/100 000; the mortality rate was higher in the males than in the females (P < 0.01) and higher in rural regions than in urban regions (P < 0.01). The figures of life lost due to malignancies were 382 977 person-years for PYLL, 27.42‰ for PYLLR, and 11.14 years for AYLL, respectively. The top five malignancies causing premature deaths of the residents were liver, lung, stomach, colorectal cancer and leukemia. The top two malignancies resulting higher AYLLs were leukemia (23.56 years) and liver cancer (14.47) years. During the period in the females, the incidence rate of malignancies was relatively stable (P > 0.05), while the mortality of malignancies increased first and then decreased (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  In regions covered by National Cancer Registry in Jiangxi province, malignancies of lung, liver, stomach, colorectum, and esophagus are main cancers among general population and breast and cervical cancer are the main cancers in female residents and there are gender differences in the prevalence of the malignancies in populations in these regions. The results should be concerned in cancer control.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among nurses with nightshift work in a large hospital
Wei SUN, Hong-yan WANG, Wei LIU,
2018, 34(12): 1696-1698. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120043
Abstract(1511) HTML (505) PDF 490KB(90)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among nurses with nightshift work in Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University.  Methods  We extracted data of spring season physical examination in 2017 on 537 and 102 female nurses engaged in night shift work (nightshift group) and day shift work (control group) in Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University. Then overweight and obesity statuses of the two groups were analyzed and compared based on calculations of body mass index (BMI).  Results  In comparison with those in the control group, significantly higher rates of overweight (21.42%, n = 115) and obesity (16.57%, n = 89) were found in the nightshift group (both P < 0.05). For the night shift nurses, those aged 31 – 40 years and those with nightshift work experience of 5 years and more had significantly higher rates of overweight and obesity than the nurses aged 30 years and younger and with nightshift work experience of less than 5 years (P < 0.01 for all).  Conclusion  The prevalence of overweight and obesity are relatively high and the rates increase with increment of age and years of work experience among nurses engaged in night shift work. The results suggest that specific interventions on overweight and obesity should be developed in the occupational population.
Association of iodine nutrition with maternal blood pressure in early pregnancy
Xiao-jing SHAN, Jian GONG, Yun-ping SUN,
2018, 34(12): 1698-1699. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121441
Abstract(1287) HTML (389) PDF 473KB(56)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine blood pressure among pregnant women with different iodine nutritional status in early pregnancy.   Methods  We recruited 800 pregnant women in early pregnancy with convenient sampling at a grass-roots hospital in Nanjing city from January 2016 to January 2018 and 400 healthy non-pregnant female physical examinees were recruited as the controls at the same hospital during the same period. Urine iodine and blood pressure of the participants were measured and analyzed.   Results  Iodine sufficiency (urine iodine median = 150 – 499 μg/L), iodine deficiency (<150 μg/L) and iodine excess (≥ 500 μg/L) were observed among 529, 187, and 84 pregnant women. The prevalence rate of hypertension was significantly higher among the pregnant women than among the controls (P<0.01) and the prevalence rate of hypertension was significantly higher among the participants with iodine deficiency than among those with iodine sufficiency (χ2 = 6.78, P = 0.009).   Conclusion  Imbalanced iodine nutrition may increase gestational hypertension risk among pregnant women in early pregnancy.
Status and development prospects of protective equipment for biosafety laboratories in China
Jing LIU, Yan-rong SUN
2018, 34(12): 1700-1704. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121048
Abstract(2121) HTML (757) PDF 556KB(159)
Abstract:
Protective equipment for biosafety laboratories (PEBL) is the hardware foundation and key protective barrier of the high-level biosafety laboratory for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. The study summarizes the classification, protection function, and application of PEBL in detail and outlines the development history and current situation of PEBL in developed countries and China. We analyze the major existing problems in this field in China as well, and propose targeted solutions for development direction for the reference by related government departments, research and development institutions and enterprises.