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2019 Vol. 35, No. 12

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Spatial distribution and clustering characteristics of AIDS epidemic in China, 2005 – 2017
Zun-wu WANG, Hui-jun LIU, Ying WANG
2019, 35(12): 1593-1597. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1124457
Abstract(3714) HTML (1844) PDF 886KB(249)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze spatial distribution and clustering characteristics of AIDS incidence in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2005 to 2017, and to provide evidences for formulating regional AIDS prevention and control measures and rationally allocating the prevention and control resources.  Methods  Data on AIDS incidence between 2005 and 2017 across China were extracted from China Health Statistical Yearbook, China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook and China Health Statistical Yearbook. Chi-square test for trend and hierarchical map were used to display the epidemic trend and spatial distribution of AIDS incidence. Global and local spatial autocorrelation were used to identify the spatial correlation and spatial clustering features of AIDS incidence.  Results  From 2005 to 2017, the incidence of AIDS in China exhibited a increasing trend generally, with a regional distribution of being higher in Western and Southern China and lower in Eastern and Northern China. High-incidence areas were mainly observed in southwest regions and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and are gradually spreading from the South to the North and from the West to the East. The global Moran′s I value increased from 0.022 to 0.386, indicating that AIDS incidence was significantly and positively auto-correlated and there was a increasing trend for the spatial correlation. Local spatial autocorrelation analyses showed that there was a high-low cluster of AIDS incidence only in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Henan province in 2005; from 2008 to 2011, a high-high cluster in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan province appeared; between 2014 and 2017, high-high clusters were identified in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou province and Chongqing municipality.  Conclusion  As the incidence of AIDS is continuously rising in China, the features of positive spatial correlation and spatial cluster become more obvious, and the high-high clusters of AIDS incidence are regionally expanding. Therefore, the prevention and control of AIDS incidence should focus on high incidence regions and its surroundings.
HIV-related knowledge and influencing factors of HIV infection among young male students who have sex with men
Wen-jing ZHANG, Xiao-ling HUANG, Di-si GAO,
2019, 35(12): 1598-1602. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1124784
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Abstract:
  Objective  To evaluate current status of AIDS-related knowledge and influencing factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among young male students who have sex with men (MSM) in four large cities in China and to provide evidences for developing interventions on HIV/AIDS.  Methods  Using snow balling sampling combined with participants′ referral, we conducted a questionnaire survey among 548 MSM in young students in Harbin, Tianjin, Xi′an, and Chongqing city from April 2017 to March 2018.  Results  Among all the respondents, the overall awareness rate was 89.4% for the eight main items of knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention and control for Chinese adolescents and 92.6% for the eight main items of knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention and control for Chinese citizens. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that homosexual orientation (odds ratio [OR] = 9.050), bisexual orientation (OR = 18.225), and having multiple sexual partners before college admission (OR = 2.318) were risk factors of HIV infection; while, studying for undergraduate (OR = 0.070) or master (OR = 0.049), having received education program on AIDS prevention in primary school (OR = 0.089), junior high school (OR = 0.128), senior high school (OR = 0.106), or university (OR = 0.178), having multiple temporary partners in the last 3 months (OR = 0.447), using condoms every time when having sex with fixed partners (OR = 0.383) and temporary partners (OR = 0.245) in the last 3 months were protective factors against HIV infection among the respondents.  Conclusion  The awareness of knowledge about HIV/AIDS is at a good level generally among young student MSM but health education on HIV/AIDS still need to be promoted among some of the MSM to reduce their high-risk behaviors.
Male attendees of sexually transmitted disease clinics in Shandong province, 2015 – 2018: analysis on data from HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance
Ya-jun LI, Mei-zhen LIAO, Qing DUAN,
2019, 35(12): 1603-1607. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122862
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in male attendees of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinics in Shandong province, and to provide a basis for evaluating AIDS prevention and control and developing intervention measures.  Methods  Using the cross-sectional survey recommended by National AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Program, we conducted questionnaire surveys and detections for serum HIV, Treponema pallidum (Tp), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies among all STD attendees recruited continuously from April to June during a year from 2015 through 2018 in Shandong province.  Results  During the 4-year period, the yearly number of attendees surveyed were 6 070, 6 107, 6 033, and 6 233, respectively. Among the attendees surveyed in each of the 4 years, the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was 82.1%, 79.5%, 73.8%, and 84.8%; the reported proportion of having sex with female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in the latest three months was 38.4%, 39.9%, 35.0%, and 30.1%; the proportion of having sex with temporary partners in the latest three months was 29.7%, 36.3%, 29.5%, and 29.2%; the rate of having homosexual anal sex was 2.5%, 2.6%, 1.9%, and 3.0%, respectively. The annual HIV antibody positive rate among the attendees detected was 0.5%, 0.6%, 1.0%, and 1.2%, with a significant increasing trend (χ2trend = 19.27, P < 0.001); the annual positive rate of Tp antibody was 6.1%, 6.4%, 5.8%, and 6.4% and that of HCV antibody was 0.2%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.2%, respectively, without obvious changing trend in the two rates (both P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that with poor knowledge about AIDS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.05, P = 0.042), ever having homosexual anal sex (OR = 94.21, P < 0.001), and being positive for serum Tp antibody (OR = 9.45, P < 0.001) were risk factors of HIV infection; while, not having sex with CSWs during latest 3 months (OR = 0.34, P = 0.003) and participating in HIV/AIDS-related interventions in previous one year (OR = 0.38, P = 0.002) were protective factors against HIV infection among the attendees.  Conclusion  HIV infection rate increased but infection rate of Tp and HCV exhibited no significant changing trend among male attendees of STD clinics in Shandong province from 2015 to 2018.
Immunological efficacy of antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS patients in Beijing: 2010 – 2015
Xiao ZHAO, Jing CHEN, Feng ZHOU,
2019, 35(12): 1608-1612. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123584
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze immunological efficacy of antiretroviral therapy and its influencing factors in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndromes (HIV/AIDS) patients in Beijing from 2010 to 2015.  Methods  Data on patients with their first access to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) from 2010 to 2015 in Beijing were collected. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was applied to describe the patients′ demographic characteristics and immunological efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. The factors related to immunological efficacy were analyzed with logistic regression model.  Results  For a total of 9 705 HIV/AIDS patients included in the analysis, the male to female ratio was 17.92:1 and the median of age was 33.00 years. Homosexual contact as a main transmission route was reported by 81.82% of the patients. Baseline CD4+T lymphocyte cell count (CD4) of < 350 cells/μL was detected in 68.1% of the patients. Six months after the antiretroviral therapy, the median of CD4 count increased significantly from 271 cells/μL (baseline) to 394 cells/μL (Z = – 42.242, P < 0.05). The maximum increase CD4 count one year after the HAART was detected in the patients with the baseline CD4 of < 200 cells/μL, with an average annual increase of 65.00 cells/μL. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that marriage status, baseline CD4, baseline CD4/CD8 count ratio, initial treatment regimen, HIV suppression effect, and compliance to antiretroviral therapy were influencing factors of immunological efficacy. Adverse events in the course of antiviral treatment were observed in 14.27% (n = 1 385) of the patients, with an average of 2.74 various reactions per patient; the most common adverse events were adverse reactions of central nervous system and digestive system.  Conclusion  The highly active antiretroviral therapy has a remarkable effectiveness among HIV/AIDS patients in Beijing and early diagnosis and treatment could promote the efficacy of the therapy.
Survival and its influencing factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Nanchang city, 1994 – 2018
Xiao-ling ZHANG, Shu YANG, Ling FU,
2019, 35(12): 1612-1617. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121149
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the survival of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients and its influencing factors in Nanchang city of Jiangxi province.  Methods  A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data of 2 996 HIV/AIDS cases registered from 1994 through May 2018 in Nanchang city. Life table method was applied to calculate survival probability. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curve. Cox proportion hazard regression model was used to identify factors related to survival time.  Results  Among all the patients, 914 were died of AIDS or AIDS-related diseases during the period, with a average annual mortality rate of 2.4 per 100 person-times and a median survival time of 2.3 years. The cumulated survival rate for the patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at 1, 2, 5, 7, 10-year after the confirmed HIV infection of were 95.0%, 92.0%, 86.0%, 82.0%, and 74.0%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk factors for death in the patients were age at the diagnosis (≥ 60 years old vs. < 20 years old: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.03 – 1.63), gender (male vs. female: HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03 – 1.56), antiretroviral treatment (no ART vs. ART: HR = 10.44, 95% CI: 8.71 – 12.50), level of baseline CD4 count (unknown vs. < 200 cell/mm 3: HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02 – 1.50).  Conclusion  Main influencing factors for survival in HIV/AIDS patients are the age at first diagnosis, gender, born in local region, CD4 count at the first detection, antiviral treatment, and route of the infection. Early detection and treatment can improve the survival of HIV/AIDS patients.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among people living with HIV in Wuhan city
Chu-ding CHEN, Hong YAN, Shi-yue LI,
2019, 35(12): 1618-1622. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119046
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (PLWH) in Wuhan city, and to provide evidences for improving mental health and living quality of PLWH.  Methods  We conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey among 535 PLWH visiting Wuhan Municipal Medical Treatment Center between October 2015 and January 2016.  Results  Among all the PLWH, the prevalence of PTSD was 26.5% and the prevalence rates of PTSD-related symptoms were 56.8% for re-experiencing, 48.2% for avoidance/affective numbness, and 41.9% for high alertness, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that significant influencing factors for occurrences of PTSD and its three domain symptoms included mental conflict at the first diagnosis of HIV positive (very strong conflict: odds ratio [OR] = 10.033, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.246 – 80.787 for PTSD; OR = 7.158, 95% CI: 2.585 – 19.823 for re-experiencing; OR = 5.112 , 95% CI: 1.653 – 15.805 for avoidance/affective numbness; strong conflict: OR = 4.229, 95% CI: 1.526 – 11.723 for re-experiencing and OR = 3.251, 95% CI: 1.044 – 10.126 for avoidance/affective numbness), highly perceived discrimination (OR = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.036 – 1.073 for PTSD; OR = 1.039, 95% CI: 1.024 – 1.053 for re-experiencing; OR = 1.042, 95% CI: 1.028 – 1.057 for avoidance/affective numbness; OR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.030 – 1.060 for high alertness), and high possession of social capital (OR = 0.920, 95% CI: 0.883 – 0.959 for avoidance/affective numbness and OR = 0.950, 95% CI: 0.913 – 0.988 for high alertness).  Conclusion  The prevalence of PTSD and the comorbidity of the three major PTSD symptoms are high among PLWH; mental conflict of at first diagnosis of HIV infection, perceived discrimination and social capital are main factors associated with the occurrence of PTSD among the PLWH.
Survival and associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Fujian province, 1987 – 2018
Liang CHEN, Qiao-ling LIAN, Mei-zeng LIU
2019, 35(12): 1623-1627. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123882
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the status and influencing factors of survival among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) during 1987 – 2018 in Fujian province and to provide references for implementing better medical services to the HIV/AIDS.  Methods  We retrospectively conducted case studies and periodical follow-ups among 14 973 HIV/AIDS patients registered in the province between January 1987 and December 2018. All-cause mortality rate, time of survival and survival rate were calculated for the patients. Cox proportional hazard model and classification and regression tree model were used to explore factors related to survival of the patients HIV/AIDS and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was adopted to evaluate the efficiency of established survival model.  Results  Among all the patients, totally 2 537 deaths were reported by the end of follow-up and the all-cause mortality rate was 5.25/100 person-years; the mean survival time was 210.3 months and the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 80%. The results of Cox proportional hazard model indicated that the patients being diagnosed with AIDS at the year of registration were at a higher risk of mortality; while the patients being female, aged 15 – 54 years, with the education of senior high school and above, receiving antiretroviral therapy, with a CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count of ≥ 200 /mm3 in the latest test, classified into key groups under HIV/AIDS surveillance, being detained during the follow-up period, and being recruited in the places other than medical institutions were at a lower risk of mortality. Analysis of classification and regression tree model demonstrated antiretroviral therapy was a main impact factor for to survival status; the standardized impact importance value of CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count in the latest test, population group at the registration, age at the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, education, and disease status at the registration were 40.6, 22.0, 17.7, 13.5, and 7.8, respectively; the area under the ROC was 0.762 (95% confidence interval: 0.749 – 0.774) for the analysis.  Conclusion  The survival of HIV/AIDS patients in Fujian province remained at a stable level during 1987 – 2018 and early diagnosis and antiretrovival therapy could decrease mortality and prolong survival time among the patients.
AIDS-related behaviors and influencing factors of HIV infection among male attendees in STD clinics in a China-Vietnam border city
Ou-lu ZHOU, Guang-wu WEI, Ai-ming LI,
2019, 35(12): 1628-1632. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122072
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among male sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendees in a China-Vietnam border city in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) and to provide references for developing intervention strategies.  Methods  We conducted questionnaire interviews and serological tests for HIV, Treponema pallidum (Tp), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among 9 221 male attendees of STD clinics (sentinel surveillance sites) in Pingxiang city in China-Vietnam border area of Guangxi during 2010 through 2016.  Results  The ages of the participants were from 15 to 81 years and 84.50% of them were aged 20 – 59 years. Among all the participants during the period, totally 136 were identified as HIV positive, with a HIV positive rate of 1.47% and a downward trend in HIV infection rate. The total number of Tp and HCV positive participants were 223 and 66 and the detection rate of Tp and HCV infection were 2.24% and 0.72%. Of all the participants, 92.51% (8 488) were aware of 6 of 8 items AIDS-related knowledge; 29.4% (2 715) and 22.24% (2 051) reported having sex with commercial sex workers and temporary sexual partners during the previous three months; 0.74% (68) reported history of injection drug use and 0.17% (16) reported the history of homosexual anal sex, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of HIV infection among the participants were aged 60 – 79 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.144, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.327 – 4.002), injection drug use (aOR = 6.439, 95% CI: 1.874 – 22.128), homosexual anal sex (aOR = 7.362, 95% CI: 1.281 – 42.329) and suffering from STDs during previous one year (aOR = 1.922, 95% CI: 1.137 – 3.248); while being aware of AIDS-related knowledge was a protective factor against HIV infection (aOR = 0.054, 95% CI: 0.037 – 0.075).  Conclusion  The prevalence of HIV infection declined but still needs to be concerned among attendees of STD clinics in a China-Vietnam border city in Guangxi. Education on AIDS-related knowledge and behavioral intervention should be promoted in the population.
Survival time and related factors among MSM with HIV/AIDS in Jinhua city
Feng-ying WANG, Hui-ling TANG
2019, 35(12): 1633-1636. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1124417
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the survival time and its related factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndromes (HIV/AIDS) in Jinhua city of Zhejiang province.  Methods  The data for the retrospective cohort study were extracted from National AIDS Prevention and Control Information System. The participants were 1 326 MSM with HIV/AIDS living in Jinhua city at the time being registered from 2002 through 2018 and all the participants were followed up to December 31, 2018. Life table method was applied to calculate the survival rate and Cox proportion hazard regression model was used to analyze factors related with survival time.  Results  Of all the participants, 1 129 (85.14%) received antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 1 272 (95.93%) completed the final follow-up. The total follow-up time was 54 083.90 person-months, with an average follow-up time of 40.78 ± 31.26 person-months and totally 21 died of AIDS related diseases by the end of the follow-up. The average survival time was 185.10 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 177.47 – 192.73) and the survival rate for 1, 5, 10, and 15 years after the incidence registration were 98.53%, 98.02%, 93.12%, and 93.12%, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportion hazard regression model indicated that not receiving ART (hazard risk [HR] = 22.753, 95% CI: 8.510 – 60.832), diagnosed as AIDS at the registration (HR = 7.820, 95% CI: 2.141 – 28.560), with a lower baseline CD4+T cell count (< 250 cells/μl) (HR = 5.307, 95% CI:1.425 – 19.759) were risk factors for decreased survival compared with receiving ART, diagnosed as HIV infection at the registration, and a higher baselin CD4+T cell count (≥ 250 cell/μl).  Conclusion  The outcome of ART is good among the MSM with HIV/AIDS in Jinhua city and early diagnosis and treatment are the key measures to prolong the survival time of MSM with HIV/AIDS.
Sodium arsenite-induced autophagic cell death in rat insulinoma cells
Yong CHENG, Wen-juan TANG, Ting-chi WAN,
2019, 35(12): 1637-1640. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122788
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Abstract:
  Objective  To study the role and molecular mechanism of autophagy in death of rat insulinoma cells (INS-1) induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO2).  Methods  Three dose groups (administered with NaAsO2 of 30, 15, 5 μmol/L for 24 hours) and one negative control group of rat INS-1 cells were established. The survival rate of INS-1 cells was detected with cholecystokinin-8 (CCK8) colorimetry. The ultrastructure of INS-1 cells was observed with transmission electron microscope. The fluorescence expression of INS-1 cells after transfection of plasmid GFP-LC3 was observed with laser scanning confocal microscopy. The expression of light chain 3 (LC3), P62, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) protein was detected with Western blot.  Results  After NaAsO2 treatment, the survival rate of INS-1 cells decreased significantly. Two-layer membrane autophagosomes and autophagic vacuoles were significantly increased in INS-1 cells of NaAsO2 groups. After transfection of plasmid GFP-LC3, the aggregation of green dot-like fluorescent spots was observed under the fluorescence microscope of NaAsO2 groups. Compared with those in the control cells, significantly increased protein expressions of LC3II/LC3I (1.34 ± 0.02, 1.16 ± 0.02, and 1.13 ± 0.04 vs. 0.93 ± 0.04) and P62 (1.89 ± 0.14, 1.08 ± 0.06, and 0.71 ± 0.03 vs. 0.57 ± 0.01), but decreased protein expressions of mTOR (0.46 ± 0.04, 0.92 ± 0.06, and 1.15 ± 0.06 vs. 1.44 ± 0.03 ) and PI3K (0.78 ± 0.04, 0.87 ± 0.03, and 0.91 ± 0.04 vs. 1.26 ± 0.07) were detected in the INS-1 cells treated with 30, 15, and 5 μmol/L NaAsO2 (P < 0.05 for all).  Conclusion  NaAsO2 treatment can induce autophagic death in INS-1 cells and the mechanism of the effect may be related to the regulation of PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway.
Effects of Chinese herbal kombucha on lung inflammatory injury induced by PM2.5 in rats
Lai-bao ZHUO, Jia-jia WU, Min-hui XUAN,
2019, 35(12): 1641-1643. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118992
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Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate effects of Chinese herbal kombucha, a dust clearance sorbent biologics, on lung inflammatory injury induced by particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) in rats.   Methods   PM2.5 samples were collected in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone in the winter of 2016. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (5 in each group). All the rats were exposed to PM2.5 suspension by intratracheal instillation once a day continuously for 3 days, while the rats of control group were exposed to normal saline. Then, two groups of rats were treated with Chinese herbal kombucha with intratracheal instillation and aerosol inhalation once a day continuously for 3 days. All the rats were sacrificed and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues of the rats were collected. Total protiens (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), sialic acid (SA), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in BALF samples were detected. Pathological sections of lung tissues were prepared for the examination of pulmonary inflamation.   Results  PM2.5 exposure significantly increased IL-8, IL-1β, TP, LDH and SA in BALF. Obviously damaged alveolar walls, significantly thickened pulmonary interstitium, and inflammatory cell infiltration of alveolar spaces were observed in the PM2.5 exposed rats. The rats with intratracheal instillation of Chinese herbal kombucha had significantly decreased IL-8, TP, and LDH (P < 0.05 for all); while the rats with aerosol inhalation of Chinese herbal kombucha had significantly decreased TP concentration and LDH activity related to PM2.5 exposure (both P < 0.05). Obviously alleviated neutrephil infiltration and congestion in pulmonary interstitium were observed in the rats with intratracheal instillation and aerosol inhalation of Chinese herbal kombucha.   Conclusion  Intratracheal instillation and aerosol inhalation of Chinese herbal kombucha could alleviate pulmonary injury induced by PM2.5.
Long non-coding RNA MEG3 suppresses development of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating angiogenesis
Jing-jing ZHANG, Xiao-yu YANG, Ying-hua JI,
2019, 35(12): 1644-1647. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1116425
Abstract(1387) HTML (651) PDF 762KB(16)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the role and mechanism of maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.  Methods  The expression of MEG3 in normal cells and HL-7702 cells was detected with quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was assessed with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay. Cell apoptosis was tested with flow cytometry. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor alpha (VEGFA) and its receptor (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, VEFGR1) were measured with Western blot.  Results  Compared with that of normal hepatic cell line HL-7702, the expression of MEG3 was decreased in hepatoma carcinoma cell lines MHCC97L, SMMC7721, MHCC97H, and HepG2 (P < 0.01). Compared with those of the control cells transfected with LV-scramble, the cell proliferation was attenuated in LV-MEG3-transfected SMMC7721 cells (from 5.8 ± 0.4 to 3.1 ± 0.3 folds) and MHCC97 cells (from 6.4 ± 0.5 to 3.4 ± 0.3 folds), but the cell apoptosis rate was increased (from 2.8 ± 0.4% to 12.4 ± 0.6% for SMMC7721 cells and from 2.2 ± 0.4% to 13.5 ± 0.5% for MHCC97H cells); moreover, the expressions of VEGFA and VEGFR1 were significantly inhibited in LV-MEG3-transfected SMMC7721 and MHCC97 cells (both P < 0.01).  Conclusion  Long non-coding RNA MEG33 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the effects may associate with the down regulation of VEGFA and VEFGR1.
Radioprotective effect of walnut oligopeptides in mice
Na ZHU, Ting ZHANG, Rui LIU,
2019, 35(12): 1648-1651. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119349
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Abstract:
  Objective  To study radioprotective effect of walnut oligopeptides (WOPs).  Methods  Totally 144 specific pathogen free (SPF) female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (24 in each group): a control and a model group (supplied with distilled water without additive), whey protein group (with 0.44 g/kg whey protein in drinking water) and low, moderate, high WOPs groups (with 0.22, 0.44, and 0.88 g/kg WOPs in drinking water). All the mice were exposed to a whole body irradiation of 60Co γ ray at the dosage of 8 or 3 Gy at 14th day of the treatment except for those of the control group. Then, the mice in every group were subdivided into 3 groups (8 in group): one for survival observation 30 days after the 8 Gy irradiation and another two for determinations of peripheral leukocyte count, bone marrow DNA content, liver and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and organ index 3 and 14 days after the 3 Gy irradiation, respectively.  Results  The survival time of model group was 4.50 ± 0.76 days, significantly decreased compared to that of the control group (P < 0.05); the survival time of high WOPs group was 7.50 ± 1.77 days, significantly increased in comparison to that of the model group (P < 0.05). Significantly lower peripheral leukocyte count than that of control group was observed in the model group 3 days (1.38 ± 0.68 × 109/mL) and 14 days (1.66 ± 0.67 × 109/mL) after the 3 Gy irradiation (both P < 0.05); while, significantly higher peripheral leukocyte count than that of the model group was observed in high WOPs group 3 days (2.73 ± 0.58. × 109/mL) and 14 days (3.25 ± 0.40. × 109/mL) after the 3 Gy irradiation (both P < 0.05). The bone marrow cell DNA content decreased significantly in the mice of the model group (19.81 ± 12.18 ng/μL) but increased significantly in the mice of moderate WOPs group (51.06 ± 8.48 ng/μL) compared to that in the mice of control group (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  To some extent, walnut oligopeptides are of radioprotective effect in mice.
Association between pre-pregnancy thyroid stimulating hormone level and spontaneous abortion among first-time pregnant women
Ting GUAN, Yue ZHANG, Dong-mei ZHANG,
2019, 35(12): 1652-1656. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1124884
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the relationship between pre-pregnancy thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and spontaneous abortion among first-time pregnant women and to provide clues for epidemiological research.  Methods  From January 2013 to December 2018, we recruited 18 797 first-time pregnant women having pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination in Shenzhen city and with known pregnancy outcome and divided them into a case group (671 with spontaneous abortion) and a control group (18 126 with normal live birth). Chi-square test was used to compare baseline characteristics between the two groups and multivariate logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the impact of pre-pregnancy TSH level on spontaneous abortion risk in the women.  Results  There was a significant difference between the cases and the controls in the distribution of pre-pregnancy TSH, with the decreased, normal high, and elevated rates of 2.27%, 14.42%, and 4.14% for the controls and 1.19%, 14.16%,and 6.56% for the cases, respectively. Compared to that for the women with normal pre-pregnancy TSH, the spontaneous abortion risk was 50% higher (odds ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.05 – 2.08) for the women with elevated pre-pregnancy TSH. No significant difference between the cases and the controls in the risk of spontaneous abortion among the women with normal high and decreased pre-pregnancy TSH levels.  Conclusion  Elevated pre-pregnancy TSH level may increase spontaneous abortion risk among first-time pregnant women, suggesting that monitoring on thyroid function should be promoted among the first-time pregnant women with elevated pre-pregnancy TSH level.
Relationship between body mass index and health-related quality of life among adult residents in Hubei province
Shou-jie HE, Meng-ting GAO, Shi-yue LI,
2019, 35(12): 1657-1660. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118127
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Abstract:
  Objective  To study the association between body mass index (BMI) and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adult residents in Hubei province.  Methods  We conducted a survey among 27 814 ≥ 18 years old residents recruited using stratified multistage cluster sampling across Hubei province in 2013. The Euro-Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) was adopted to assess the HRQOL of the participants. The relationship between categorized BMI and the scores of HRQOL and each dimension of EQ-5D were analyzed.  Results  The scores of EQ-5D and EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) were lower in both underweight male and female participants than in the participants with normal weight but there was no statistical difference in the scores between the overweight or obese participants and the normal weight participants. Both the male and female underweight participants had higher risks of health problems than the normal weight participants in the five dimensions of EQ-5D. Overweight male participants had a lower risk of anxiety/depression than the normal weight participants (odds ratio [OR] = 0.776, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.626 – 0.961); overweight female participants had a higher risk of pain/discomfort than the normal weight female participants (OR = 1.150, 95% CI: 1.105 – 1.303); obese male and female participants had greater risks of mobility and self-care than normal weight participants and obese female participants were more likely to suffer from anxiety/depression than the normal weight female participants (OR = 1.381, 95% CI: 1.028 – 1.856).  Conclusion  The HRQOL of underweight residents is relatively poor and the HRQOL is influenced by some physical or psychological problems among overweight or obese residents in Hubei province.
Determinants of sexual activity with online partner seeking among elder unmarried men in rural China
Ying WANG, Hui-jun LIU, Huan-ying GOU
2019, 35(12): 1661-1665. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119834
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Abstract:
  Objective  To conduct an empirical study on the situation and influencing factors of sexual activity with online partner seeking among rural elder unmarried men in China based on the theory of planned behavior.  Methods  We conducted a computer assisted personal interview (CAPI) among 735 rural unmarried men aged 28 years and above recruited with cluster sampling and convenient sampling in 20 central and western provinces and three municipalities with large migrant population between January and September 2017.  Results  For all the participants, the mean age was 33.4 ± 4.5 years and 118 (16.05%) reported ever having sex with online partners. The results of logistic regression analysis demonstrated that migration activity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.044), age (OR = 0.914), being drunk frequently (OR = 3.560), acceptance with online partners (OR = 2.252), and perceived friends′ norms (OR = 0.390) were significantly associated with having sex with online partner among the participants and the influencing factors differed between the left-behind participants and those being on migration. The perceived friends′ norm significantly affected sexual activity with online partner seeking only among the participants being on migration (P < 0.001); while, trust in online partner and monthly income affected sexual activity with online partner seeking significantly only in the left-behind participants (both P < 0.1).  Conclusion  The prevalence of sexual activity with online partner seeking is relatively high among rural elder unmarried men with migration experience. The theory of planned behavior could well explain and predict the occurrence of sexual activity with online partner seeking.
Influence of parenting style and subjective well-being on health risk behaviors among junior high school students
Zhi-cheng CAO, Ge WANG, Lan ZHANG
2019, 35(12): 1666-1670. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123708
Abstract(1702) HTML (619) PDF 772KB(65)
Abstract:
  Objective   To explore the influence of parenting style and subjective well-being on health risk behaviors among junior high school students.   Methods   We randomly selected 2 300 junior students in 8 high schools in three prefectures/municipality of Guizhou, Yunnan, and Guangdong province and conducted a survey during October – December, 2018. Short Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran Chinese Version (S-EMBU-C), and Adolescent Subjective Well-Being Scale and Adolescent Health-Related Risk Behavior Questionnaire complied by Chinese researchers were adopted in the study.   Results   For the 2 089 students completing the survey, the proportions of reporting positive paternal and maternal parenting style were 61.17% and 64.07%, higher than the average level of 50.0%; the proportions of reporting paternal and maternal rejection were 41.04% and 41.37%, lower than the average level of 50.0%; and the proportions of reporting paternal and maternal over protection were 54.43% and 57.5%, slightly higher than the average level of 50.0%. There were 57.5% of the students reporting overall life satisfaction, higher than the average percentage of 50.0%. Among the students, the positive emotion score was 3.47, similar to the average score of 3.50; but the negative emotion score was 4.17, higher than the average score of 3.50. The mean score of health risk behaviors was 0.27, much lower than the critical value of 2. For the students, parenting style and subjective well-being could significantly predict health risk behaviors (P < 0.05) and subjective well-being plays a partial mediating role on the correlation between parenting style and health risk behaviors.   Conclusion   Parenting style influences health risk behaviors through affecting subjective well-being among junior high school students.
Influence of grandparenting on early childhood health
Xiao-ou MAN, Xue-gong WANG, Fan-yuan MENG
2019, 35(12): 1671-1674. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123026
Abstract(1548) HTML (529) PDF 491KB(45)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the influence of grandparenting on children aged 0 – 6 years and to provide references for promoting healthy development of the children.  Methods  We extracted the data on 2 970 children aged 0 – 6 years from the dataset of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2016. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model with dummy variables was used to explore the influence of grandparenting on health status of the children after adjusting for personal, genetic, familial, and environmental factors.  Results  The median and interquartile range of weight-for-age z-score (HAZ) score were 0.18 and – 1.24 – 1.79, indicating a generally good health status for all the children. The detection rate of moderate and severe malnutrition was 12.9% among the children. The health level of rural children was significantly lower than that of urban children and the health level of the children raised entirely by grandparents was significantly lower than that of children raised by parents (both P < 0.001). The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that grandparenting was of significant influence on early childhood health (P < 0.001). Paternal health, family size and availability of medical insurance also affected early childhood health significantly (all P < 0.05).  Conclusion  In China, 0 – 6 children are healthy as a whole, but grandparenting exerts a certain negative impact on early childhood health. Parents should pay attention to child rearing to promote healthy development of their children effectively.
Impact of hospital competition on trust on doctors and satisfaction toward medical service among patients in Shaanxi province: a cross-sectional survey in 2013
Ya-fei SI, Xi-pin ZHANG, Zhong-liang ZHOU, Min SU,
2019, 35(12): 1675-1678. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120342
Abstract(1158) HTML (495) PDF 535KB(28)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the influence of hospital competition on trust and satisfaction towards medical service among in- and out-patients in China.  Methods  The data on two-weeks outpatient and yearly hospitalization utilization among 57 529 residents in 27 000 urban and rural households across Shaanxi province in 2013 were extracted from the 5th National Health Services Survey and relevant demographics were retrieved from Health and Family Planning Statistics Yearbook of Shaanxi Province – 2013. Ordinary probit regression model was adopted in data analyses.  Results  Almost 10% of the patients claimed distrust in outpatient physicians and inpatient physicians and of the 5 038 two-weeks out-patients and the 5 789 yearly in-patients, 22.85% and 31.06% claimed dissatisfaction to the medical service they received and totally about 10% of the medical service utilizers reported the distrust to outpatient clinic doctors and resident doctors. We found an obvious U-shaped relationship between the hospital competition and the patients′ trust on doctors; the utmost intensity of the trust of the outpatients and inpatients were attained when averagely there were 0.942 and 1.009 hospitals for per 1 000 population and the out-pients′ utmost satisfaction toward medical service was attained when there was a 0.829 hospital for 1 000 population.  Conclusion  A certain extent of hospital competition in Shaanxi province is beneficial to improve patients′ trust to doctors and satisfaction toward medical service but the trust and satisfaction could be reduced with the intensified competition.
Effectiveness of immunization strategy transition of pertussis vaccines: an evaluation with interrupted time series and segmented regression analysis
Tie-cheng LIU, Shi-man RUAN, Guang-pu QIAO,
2019, 35(12): 1679-1684. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120805
Abstract(2237) HTML (642) PDF 987KB(65)
Abstract:
  Objective  To evaluate the effectiveness of pertussis immunization strategy transition from diphtheria, tetanus and whole-cell pertussis vaccine (DTwP) to diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) in Ji'nan city of Shandong province.  Methods  We collected data on yearly pertussis incidence in Ji'nan city from 1965 through 2016 from the Notifiable Diseases Registry Database. We used interrupted time series (ITS) and segmented regression analysis (SRA) to quantitatively assess short- and long-term effect of pertussis vaccine inoculation and the transition of vaccination schedule from DTwP to DTaP on pertussis incidence in the city.  Results  The reported pertussis incidence decreased significantly from 164.47/100 000 before the pertussis vaccine inoculation in to 145.77/ 100 000 following the implementation of DTwP inoculation in 1978 (P = 0.017) and the average long-term effect increased by 7.32/100 000 per year between 1978 and 2001. No significant short- and long-term variations in reported pertussis incidence were observed when the implementation of DTaP vaccination as a second class vaccine in 2002 (both P > 0.05). The reported yearly pertussis incidence declined significantly by 5.97, 7.39, and 8.03 per 100 000 population in 2008, 2009, and 2010 when the fourth dose, the second/third/fourth, and all doses of DTwP vaccinations were replaced by DTaP in the year, respectively (P < 0.01 for all); but an increasing trend in the reported yearly pertussis incidence was observed after the replacements of various doses of DTwP with DTaP for the periods from 2008, 2009, and 2010 to 2016, with the average annual increases of 0.29, 0.35, 0.39 per 100 000 population.  Conclusion  The study showed that the effectiveness of an all-DTwP vaccination schedule may be less than the effectiveness of a sequential DTwP/DTaP vaccination schedule. Short-term effectiveness of DTaP vaccination was better than that of DTwP, but the duration of DTaP-induced protection is not ideal. Effective pertussis vaccines and vaccination schedules in China need to be developed.
Second fertility intention and its influencing factors among women aged 35 – 50 years under universal two-child policy
Bing-xi WU, Jie TANG
2019, 35(12): 1685-1689. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123897
Abstract(2364) HTML (765) PDF 582KB(93)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore second fertility intention and its influencing factors among Chinese women aged 35 – 50 years under the universal two-child policy.  Methods  We extracted the data on 1 674 women aged 35 – 50 years in 28 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions across China from the database of Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) conducted in 2015. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis were used in data analyses.  Results  Of the women surveyed, 78.43% reported the willingness to have a second child. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that education, perceived life happiness, number of real properties, number of sons, number of minor children and marital status were significant influencing factors for second fertility intention (all P < 0.05); the women with the education of junior high school (odds ratio [OR] = 0.392), senior high school/technical secondary school (OR = 0.385), college (OR = 0.236), and undergraduate (OR = 0.301) and the women widowed (OR = 0.097) were less likely to have second fertility intention; while the women with perceived happy life (OR = 3.741), remarried with a spouse (OR = 3.041), having real estate properties (OR = 1.547), having boys (OR = 1.700), and having minor children (OR = 1.465) were more likely to have second fertility intention.  Conclusion  The proportion of having second fertility intention was relatively high and the intention was influenced by education, perceived life happiness, economic condition, fertility status and marital status among 35 – 50 years old Chinese women in 2015.
Cognition on principle, daily operation, and early warning efficiency of CIDARS among online management professionals in Shanghai city
Rui-ping WANG, Fang-fang TAO, Qi MAO,
2019, 35(12): 1690-1692. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122247
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the cognition on operation, principle and efficiency of early warning of China Infectious Disease Automatic Alert and Response System (CIDARS) among online management professionals and to explore major weaknesses in operation of the system for providing evidences to improving the operation of CIDARS.  Methods  We conducted a cellphone Wechat-based survey among 77 online management professionals of CIDARS in 16 centers for disease control and prevention at municipal or district level in Shanghai with a self-designed questionnaire using Sojump platform between January and February 2017. SAS 9.2 software was adopted in data analyses.  Results  Of all the participants aged averagely 33.04 ± 7.40 years, 48.05% (37) were males and 35.06% (27) were full-time online manager of CIDARS. The average years of working for online management of CIDARS was 3.98 years. There were 77.92% and 84.41% of the participants reporting a consumption of ≤ 10 minutes each day to deal with single case and spatial-temporal early warning signals, 79.22% of the participants considering that CIDARS has played a role in infectious disease control and prevention, and 63.64% of the participants believing that the threshold values for early warning need to be modified according to local prevalence characteristics of infectious diseases, and 70.13% of the participants not acquiring general knowledge on the principle for early warning of the CIDARS, respectively.  Conclusion  The professionals engaged in online management of CIDARS in Shanghai city generally considered that the system has played a role in infectious disease control and prevention, but they spent less daily time to deal with early warning signals and the majority of the professionals did not know the principal for early warning and the method for adjusting thresholds for the early warning of infectious diseases.
Prevalence and influencing factors of depression during middle and late pregnancy among first-time pregnant mothers in a city in Northern Jiangsu province
Jin-you YANG, Qiao-ling ZHANG, Yue ZHOU,
2019, 35(12): 1693-1697. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121007
Abstract(1475) HTML (505) PDF 594KB(32)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of depression among first-time pregnant women during middle and late gestation and to provide evidences for mental health promotion of the women.  Methods  We conducted an on-site self-administered survey among 990 first-time pregnant women accessing prenatal examination at a hospital in a city in Northern Jiangsu province during their second or third trimester between July and December 2017. A general questionnaire was used to collect demographics, health status, disease history, and other relevant information; Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was adopted to assess depression of the women. Epi Data 3.3 and SPSS 19.0 statistical software were used in data double-entry and analysis.  Results  The overall detection rate of depression symptoms was 78.5% among the respondents and the rate of mild, moderate, and major depression were 19.2%, 47.9%, and 11.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis resulted in following influencing factors of depression: occupation (F = 2.366, P = 0.021), hair perming or dyeing (F = 3.682, P = 0.012), wearing tights (F = 3.911, P = 0.009), wearing high heels (F = 3.182, P = 0.023), carrying a cellphone close to the body (F = 3.353, P = 0.018), turning a cellphone on before sleep and putting it near the bed (F = 2.939, P = 0.032), knowledge about sexuality (F = 3.374, P = 0.035), the age at first sex (F = 2.805, P = 0.039), times of vulva washing per week (F = 17.486, P = 0.000), dyspareunia (F = 2.852, P = 0.036), trouble falling asleep (F = 8.003, P = 0.000), occupational exposure to high temperature (F = 3.725, P = 0.011), exposure to pesticides or insecticides (F = 4.109, P = 0.007), fried food consumption (F = 5.444, P = 0.001), smoked food consumption (F = 3.339, P = 0.019), consumption of food containing additives (F = 3.504, P = 0.015), conjugal relationship (F = 3.254, P = 0.021), relationship with mother-in-law (F = 5.685, P = 0.001), relationship with parents (F = 4.138, P = 0.006), relationship with friends (F = 4.818, P = 0.002), and mental stress in daily life or work (F = 11.718, P = 0.000). Logistic regression analysis revealed that dyspareunia, wearing tights, carrying a cellphone close to the body, trouble falling asleep, consumption of food containing additives such as instant noodle, exposure to pesticides or insecticides, and mental stress in daily life or work were main risk factors for depression among the respondents.  Conclusion  Changing unhealthy living habits, improving poor working environment, promoting interpersonal skill and coping with various life events appropriately are important measures for depression prevention among pregnant women during middle and late pregnancy.
Prevalence of iodine deficiency among residents in Harbin municipality in 2017: an analysis on surveillance data
Wen-cui ZHANG, Jian-bin CAO, Xiao-hong LI,
2019, 35(12): 1698-1701. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118346
Abstract(1428) HTML (534) PDF 456KB(28)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the situation of iodine deficiency disease (IDD) prevention and control in Harbin municipality of Heilongjiang province and to provide evidences for improving IDD prevention and control.  Methods  Urine iodine was detected among 8 – 10 years old students (n = 2 413) and pregnant women (n = 1 200) in 12 counties or districts of Harbin municipality in 2017. Meanwhile, thyroid volume was determined among the 8 – 10 years old students (n = 1 413) in the 7 of 12 counties or districts. Iodine content was measured for 5 413 table salt samples collected from households in all counties or districts (n = 18) of the municipality. We also analyzed the data on IDD extracted from IDD Surveillance Information Management System.  Results  The coverage rate of iodine salt was 98.95% (5 356/5 413) and the qualification rate of iodine table salt was 96.95% (5 248/5 413) in the regions surveyed. There was a statistically significant difference in iodine table salt level among various counties (districts) (χ2 = 1 340.401, P < 0.05). The median urinary iodine (MUI) was 154.83 μg/L for all the students and there was a significant difference in the MUI among the students in different counties or districts (χ2 = 217.389, P < 0.05). The detection rate of thyroid goiter was 1.9% (27/1 413) among the students, without significant difference in the rate among the students from different counties and districts (χ2 = 9.213, P = 0.162). The MUI was 193.0 μg/L for all the pregnant women and there was a significant difference in MUI among the pregnant women from various counties and districts (χ2 = 193.089, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Among the residents in Harbin municipality, the goal of elimination of IDD was achieved and maintained; the iodine nutrition was at an appropriate level among 8 – 10 years old children but a slight higher proportion of pregnant women with the iodine nutrition close to lower limit of appropriate level.
Work engagement of nursing home administrators: a cross-sectional study
Ming-ming ZHU, Hong XIE
2019, 35(12): 1702-1705. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122745
Abstract(1367) HTML (429) PDF 546KB(16)
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the status and influencing factors of work engagement in nursing home administrators and to provide evidences for improving work engagement the administrators.  Methods  We conducted a online survey among 186 nursing home administrators recruited using stratified multistage random sampling across China in May 2018. A self-designed questionnaire on general information, the 9-Item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), and the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D10) were adopted in the study.  Results  The mean score of UWES-9 was 41.85 ± 9.92 for all the administrators and the work engagement of the administrators was influenced significantly by job achievement, CES-D10 score, and whether participating in occupation training (P < 0.05 for all).  Conclusion  The work engagement is generally at medium level among nursing home administrators in China and relevant agencies should implement effective measures to promote work engagement of the administrators.
Malignant tumor mortality and rank order of death among urban and rural female residents in China: 2004 – 2015
Shen-yi JIANG, Bin WU, Xiao-song YU
2019, 35(12): 1706-1709. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122648
Abstract(2249) HTML (849) PDF 554KB(49)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the distribution and changing trend in malignant tumor mortality and rank order of death causes among female residents in urban and rural China from 2004 to 2015.  Methods  We extracted the data on mortalities due to malignant tumors during 2004 – 2015 from national disease surveillance system and analyzed the data statistically. Chi-square test was adopted to analyze yearly and regional differences in malignant tumor mortalities.  Results  Malignant tumor mortality was the second or third leading cause of deaths among female residents in China during the period. The top five of malignant tumor deaths were lung, stomach, liver, esophagus, and colorectal and anal cancer. Lung cancer showed the most obvious upward trend, rising from 1 747/100 000 in 2006 to 2 769/100 000 in 2015. The malignant tumors with higher mortalities in urban than in rural female residents are lung, colorectal and anal, and breast cancer (all P < 0.001); the malignant tumors causing more deaths in rural than in urban female residents are stomach, liver, and esophagus cancer (P < 0.001 for all).  Conclusion  Among female residents in China during 2004 – 2015, malignant tumor mortality was the second or third leading causes of death; the mortality of lung cancer increased markedly; the top five malignant tumors were lung, stomach, liver, esophagus, and colorectal and anal cancer; there were urban-rural differences in rank order of deaths due to malignant tumors.
Epidemiological characteristics of Cochrane systemic reviews on public health
Ya-jing CHEN, Xiu-xia LI, Bei PAN,
2019, 35(12): 1710-1713. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120099
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze epidemiological and descriptive characters of Cochrane systematic reviews with high-grade evidences on public health researches and to provide references for evidence-based decision making in public health practices.  Methods  We searched Cochrane library database to collect systematic reviews on public health published till April 30, 2018; the included studies were screened and analyzed using EndNote X7, Excel 2013 and Ucinet 6.0 software.  Results  From the 112 articles preliminary searched, 69 were finally retrieved and included in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria; of which, 33 and 34 were of high and moderate quality. All the 69 articles were published online from 2008 to 2018, with the maximum number of studies published in 2010 (14, 20.3%) and the minimum number of studies published in 2014 (2, 2.9%). The corresponding authors of the studies are mainly from Britain (28, 40.6%), Australia (12, 17.4%) and America (9, 13.0%). All included studies are collaborative research which involved only 5 Chinese scholars who are neither correspondents nor first authors. The major themes for the 69 studies are prevention of injuries (22, 31.9%) and prevention of road traffic injuries topic (18, 26.1%). Among the 69 studies, there were 58 (84.1%) randomized controlled trials, 26 (37.7%) controlled clinical trials, non-randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials, 32 (46.4%) before and after controlled studies, and 19 (27.5%) interrupted time series analyses. Keywords social network map shows that " intervention”, " prevention”, " program”, " injury”, " education”, " children”, " worker”, " adults” are all in core positions, which are hotspot in the field of public health.  Conclusion  In Cochrane systemic rewiewson public health, there are few studies have been published by Chinese scholars as first authors or correspondents. Meanwhile, the included studies mainly focus on the prevention of injuries and road traffic injuries.
Evaluation on essential public health services based on policy performance perspective
Zi WANG, Hong-xun SONG, Gang LI,
2019, 35(12): 1713-1717. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1124016
Abstract(1707) HTML (676) PDF 670KB(102)
Abstract:
As a public policy, the national essential public health services (EPHS) policy reflects its policy requirements in the form of service projects. Since the implementation of EPHS from 2009 to 2018, the service effect has been improved year by year. Under the background of the tenth anniversary of the project, it is of great significance to carry out researches on the evaluation of EPHS. Based on the ‘new public service’ and the concept of responsible government and service-oriented government, the study focuses on the relationship between EPHS evaluation and the theories and concepts mentioned above. From the perspective of policy performance, the study constructs a framework of EPHS evaluation indicators with government responsibility, service function transformation and service delivery effect as the main dimensions to lay a foundation for further improving the evaluation system of the EPHS.
Selection and identification of DNA aptamers targeted to Vibrio parahemolyticus based on whole-bacterium SELEX
Xiu-qin LOU, Hua YU, Hao-qiu WANG,
2019, 35(12): 1718-1723. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120138
Abstract(1337) HTML (538) PDF 732KB(31)
Abstract:
  Objective  To obtain the DNA aptamers specific binding to Vibrio parahemolyticus (VP) for rapid and sensitive detection of VP.  Methods  The oligonucleotide library was synthesized as a single-stranded 86-mer, with 40-mer random oligonucleotides in center for whole-bacterium systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) targeted to VP. Determination of specificity and affinity of the library were then carried out for the candidate aptamers. Prediction of secondary structures and estimation of binding dissociation constants (Kd) of the aptamers were also performed.  Results  The aptamer pools from the twelfth round of SELEX displayed the highest affinity for the target cells. The aptamer pools were cloned and sequenced, and a total of 5 sequences were obtained as the candidate aptamers (F2, F5, F6, F19, and F30); the binding affinity of these sequences were 68.8%, 68.8%, 73.1%, 65.2%, and 72.7%. All of these aptamer sequences showed preferential binding to VP over the other 5 types of bacteria. Predictions of secondary structures with DNA folding form demonstrated that all the five candidate aptamers were with several stem rings based on G-C base pairing. Kd value of these aptamers' sequences were 15.88, 15.24, 9.13, 4.12, and 25.39, respectively.  Conclusion  The use of whole-bacterium SELEX to identify DNA aptamers that are specific for Vibrio parahemolyticus is feasible. All the 5 selected candidate aptamers are of high affinity and specificity, and are suitable for further development of rapid detection.
Introduction of the Health Emergency Preparedness Self-Assessment tool of European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Fa-qiang LI, Yuan ZHANG
2019, 35(12): 1724-1727. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121348
Abstract(1926) HTML (790) PDF 505KB(70)
Abstract:
In June 2018, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) published a Health Emergency Preparedness Self-Assessment (HEPSA) tool on its website. The tool is for all European Union (EU) Member States and addresses their health emergency workers in seven aspects in order to conduct comprehensive and rapid assessment to identify problems in health emergencies and to improve health emergency preparedness continuously. This article gives a brief introduction on this tool and provides references to public health workers in China.
Review and prospect on healthcare policies in China: a visualized analysis on CSSCI literatures
2019, 35(12): 1728-1730. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1124547
Abstract(1564) HTML (600) PDF 498KB(80)
Abstract:
  Objective  Macro grasp of the development of China′s medical and health policy in the past 15 years and future attention.  Method  Through the combination of bibliometric analysis and CiteSpace visualization map, taking " Medical and Health Policy” as the theme, 617 authoritative texts in CSSCI database (2003 – 2018) were selected as sample data, and the sample data were analyzed by cluster analysis from the aspects of literature volume, author, research institution, key words and so on.  Results  In 2009, the research of medical and health policy in China is in an explosive period, and the relevant research institutions have begun to take shape, but the degree of cooperation with each other is low. Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, public welfare, public hospitals and medical reform are the frontier topics of medical and health policy research at present.  Conclusion  More extensive communication and cooperation should be carried out among the subjects of medical and health policy research in our country, and the research contents and methods should be broadened and dynamic expanded in time, so as to better respond to the realistic needs of the development of medical and health undertakings in our country.