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2020 Vol. 36, No. 7

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Social participation restriction and its related factors among Chinese older adults with hearing disability
Wan-wei DAI, Jia-min GAO, Xiao-ying ZHENG
2020, 36(7): 985-989. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122683
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the prevalence and influncing factors of social participation restriction (SPR) among Chinese elderly residents with hearing disability (HD) and to provide evidences for promoting quality of life among the elderly with HD.  Methods  The data on 39 166 elderly residents (60 years old and older) with HD were extracted from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability in China in 2006. The HD severity of was categoried according to the criteria recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 and the SPR was assessed based on WHO Disability Assessment Schedule under the framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Chi-square test and unconditionsl multivariate logistic regression were utilized to analyze the SPR and its impact factors among the residents with various severities of HD.  Results  Among all the participants, 33 524 were assessed with SPR, with a prevalence rate of 85.59%; among the participants with moderate HD or severe HD, the SPR prevalence rate was 76.71% (10 092/13 156) and 90.09% (23 432/26 010), respectively. The results of regression analysis showed that ≥ 80 years was a main risk factor of SPR for the participants with moderate HD but aged ≥ 70 years was a main risk factor of SPR for the participants with severe HD; having an education of primary schoo and above, with a spouse, having family income of ≥ 1 401 yuan RMB per capita, and living in an urban region or regions with moderate or high human development index (HDI) were protective factors against SPR for the participants with moderate or severe HD.  Conclusion  Social participation restriction is greatly prevalent and mainly influenced by the disability severity, age, marital status, education, family income, and socio-economic development level of living region among elderly residents with hearing disability in China.
Applicability of two commonly used self-reported questionnaires for measuring medication adherence in elderly hypertension patients
Qian SUN, Ming-xia JING, Kui WANG,
2020, 36(7): 990-993. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121625
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Abstract:
  Objective  To assess the applicability of a medication adherence questionnaire developed by Chinese researchers (MAQ-C) and the Eight-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) in measuring self-reported medication adherence among the elderly hypertensives and to provide references for selection of medication adherence scale in clinical practice and scientific research.  Methods  Using typical sampling, we conducted face-to-face interviews among 1 085 hypertension patients aged 60 years and above in 3 communities and 2 corps farms in Shihezi municipality of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) from April to September, 2017. Both the MMAS-8-Chinese Version and the MAQ-C were used to collect information on medication adherence of the patients.  Results  Among all the participants, 497 and 364 were assessed as adherence and non-adherence to medication with both the MAQ-C and MMAS-8; the concordance rate for the assessment results of the two instruments was 79%. The medication adherence rate assessed with the MAQ-C was significantly higher than that with the MMAS-8 (63.8% vs. 48.5%, χ2 = 416.739; P < 0.001). When assessed with the MAQ-C, relatively higher ratios of non-adherence were detected on two inquiry items for having the medication according the frequency and dose prescribed by a doctor (26.7% and 23.6%); whereas, when assessed with the MMAS-8, the two inquiry items with relatively higher non-adherence ratio were not forgetting taking medicine anytime and every time (32.4% and 20.7%).  Conclusion  Medication adherence of the elderly hypertension patients in Shihezi region of Xinjiang was generally good. Both the MAQ-C and MMAS-8 could be used to measure medication adherence in elderly hypertensive patients, but the MMAS-8 scale is better for assessing hindering factors of medication adherence in elderly patients.
Osteoporosis-related self-efficacy and self-management behaviors among middle-aged and elderly residents in Shandong province
Cong-cong GAO, Xiu-min ZHANG, Bing-yin ZHANG,
2020, 36(7): 994-997. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119277
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine osteoporosis-related self-efficacy and self-management behavior among middle-aged and elderly residents in Shandong province and to improve evidences for osteoporosis prevention.  Methods  Using stratified multi-stage random sampling, we conducted a questionnaire survey among 3 134 residents aged ≥ 40 years selected in 5 communities in each of 6 municipalities in Shandong province from December 2016 to March 2017.  Results  For all the participants, the mean overall score of osteoporosis-related self-efficacy was 63.22 ± 26.49 and the self-efficacy domain scores were 29.40 ± 13.82 for physical exercise and 33.82 ± 14.64 for calcium intake, respectively. Among the participants, the number (ratio) of reporting various osteoporosis-related self-management behaviors were 287 (9.2%) for paying an attention to calcium content on food ingredient labels, 315 (10.1%) for paying an attention to vitamin D (VD) content on food ingredient labels, 935 (29.9%) for consuming food with a high content of calcium, 627 (20.1%) for consuming food with a high content of VD, 1 046 (33.4%) for persisting in healthy lifestyle, and 965 (30.9%) for having an aerobic exercise of at least 30 minutes three times or more in a week, respectively. The total score of self-efficacy increased with the level of osteoporosis-related self-management behaviors significantly among the participants (P < 0.01).  Conclusion  Osteoporosis-related self-efficacy is at a moderate level but the self-management behavior is poor among the middle-aged and elderly residents in Shandong province, suggesting that measures should be implemented to promote osteoporosis-related self-efficacy for the development of self-management behaviors in the population.
Daily life and behavior style among community elderly residents in urban Wuhan: a latent class analysis
Ming-zhu JIANG, Ju-yang XIONG, Xiao SHEN,
2020, 36(7): 998-1001. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119786
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Abstract:
  Objective  To identify and discriminate chronic disease-related daily life and behavior risk factors among urban community elderly residents for effective intervention on chronic diseases among the elderly.  Methods  We conducted a questionnaire survey among 5 380 physical examinees aged ≥ 65 years at 10 community healthcare hospitals in Qiaokou district of Wuhan city in 2016 and medical records of the physical examinees were extracted simultaneously. We analyzed the information collected on the participants' smoking, diet, exercise, obesity, life satisfaction, and social adaptation using latent class method.  Results  Among all the participants, 3 632 (67.51%) were identified suffering from at least one chronic disease. Based on the results of latent class analysis, the participants were discriminated into three main subgroups with different chronic disease-related daily life and behavior style and the three subgroups were characterized by smoking (n = 3 249, accounting for 60.39% of all participants), having poor life satisfaction (2 062, 38.33%), and having unhealthy diet (69, 1.28%). There were significant differences in age, gender, marital status, and education background among the three subgroups.  Conclusion  Smoking, having poor life satisfaction, and having unhealthy diet are the three major chronic disease-related daily life and behavior risk factors among community elderly in urban Wuhan, especially among those aged 65 – 75 years, being male, and with lower education.
Effect of abnormal defecation on physical and mental health among community oldest elderly
Xiao-bin MA, Chang-xiang CHEN
2020, 36(7): 1002-1005. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120823
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the prevalence of abnormal defecation and its influence on physical and mental health among community-dwelling oldest elderly in Tangshan city.  Methods  We conducted a household questionnaire survey among 3 448 residents aged ≥ 75 years recruited with stratified random cluster sampling from communities covered by 10 community health care centers in Tangshan city of Hebei province between July 2016 and January 2017. Activities of Daily Living, University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and Perceived Social Support from Family were used in the study.  Results  The self-reported prevalence rate of abnormal defecation was 54.37% among all the participants. Of the participants with abnormal defecation, 33.6%, 11.5%, and 9.2% reported constipation, urinary incontinence, and fecal incontinence. Various degree of impaired activities of daily life and moderate or severe perceived loneliness were reported by 48.2% and 69.0% of the participants. Multivariate analyses revealed following significant influencing factors of impaired activities of daily life: urinary incontinence (odds ratio [OR] = 3.242), fecal incontinence (OR = 1.576), constipation (OR = 1.562), education level (OR = 0.854), and family support (OR = 0.783) (all P < 0.05) and significant influencing factors of perceived loneliness: urinary incontinence (OR = 1.861), fecal incontinence (OR = 1.540), constipation (OR = 1.488), education level (OR = 0.636), and family support (OR = 0.393) (P < 0.05 for all) among the participants.  Conclusion  The physical and mental health condition are not good and significantly influenced by abnormal defecation among community oldest elderly in Tangshan city, suggesting that targeted interventions need to be promoted among the elderly for healthy aging of the population.
Associations of sleep quality and self-behavior with fall risk among community oldest-old people in Tangshan city
Jing ZHAO, Chang-xiang CHEN
2020, 36(7): 1006-1009. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118918
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine fall risk and to analyze correlations between fall risk and sleep quality and self-behavior among community dwelling oldest-old people in Tangshan city.  Methods  We carried out a household survey between July 2016 and January 2017 among 3 448 residents aged ≥ 75 years recruited from communities in Tangshan city of Hebei province with stratified random cluster sampling. A questionnaire on general information, Falls Risk for Older People in the Community Screening Tool (FROP-Com), and Pittsburgh Sleep Index (PSQI) were used in the survey.  Results  Among all the participants, 1 097 (31.82%) reported falling during previous one year and 824 (23.90%), 194 (5.63%), and 79 (2.29%) reported one, two, and three times of falling within past one year, respectively. Of the participants with falling in past one year, 25.25% and 7.20% had moderate and severe injuries with medical treatments. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that age, marital status, alcohol consumption, exercise, sleep quality, nocturnal awakening or early awakening, use of hypnotic agents, and difficult sleep due to pain were influencing factors of falling among the participants.  Conclusion  The incidence of fall is high and falling-related injuries are prevalent among urban community-dwelling oldest-old people in Tangshan city; the study results indicate that improving sleep quality and promoting good self-behavior are important for reducing fall incidence among the population.
Inhibited proliferation and abnormal expression of Twist1, Zeb1 in rat lung tissues and H1299 cells induced by PM2.5 exposure
Yu ZHANG, Chun-ling XIAO, Dan YANG,
2020, 36(7): 1010-1013. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120346
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Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the effect of exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) on the expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1) and Twist1 and cell proliferation in rat lung and H1299 cells.  Methods  Totally 40 Wistar rats were treated with PM2.5 suspension and normal saline 6 hours per day and 6 days per week for 2 and 4 weeks; then lung tissues of the rats were collected. The H1299 cells were cultured in suspension mixed with PM2.5 at the dosages of 0, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL for 48 hours. The expression of Zeb1 and Twist1 protein in the rats' lung tissues and H1299 cells were detected with immunoblotting. The proliferation rate of H1299 cells was detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.  Results  The Zeb1 and Twist1 protein (0.27 ± 0.18 and 0.44 ± 0.15) in lung tissues of the rats exposed to PM2.5 for 4 weeks were significantly down-regulated compared to those in control rats (0.68 ± 0.19 and 0.99 ± 0.11) (both P < 0.05). Significantly down-regulated expression of Zeb1 and Twist1 protein (0.17 ± 0.08 and 0.20 ± 0.05) were also observed in H1299 cells cultured with 200 μg/mL PM2.5 suspension in comparison with those (1.34 ± 0.38 and 1.05 ± 0.11) in control cells (both P < 0.05); in addition, the survival rate (25.26 ± 1.84%) of H1299 cells cultured with 200 μg/mL PM2.5 suspension for 72 hours was significantly lower than that of the control cells (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  PM2.5 exposure could decrease the expression of Zeb1 and Twist1 in rats' lung tissues and human lung adenocarcinoma H1299 cells and inhibit the proliferation of the H1299 cells.
Icariin inhibits survival and metastasis of human non-small lung cancer A549 cells via activating CaMKII-JNK pathway
Quan-zhong YANG, Yu ZHANG, Ya-juan WANG,
2020, 36(7): 1014-1019. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122145
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Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate inhibitive effect of icariin on survival and metastasis of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells via activating Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) -c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and the mechanisms of the effect.  Methods  The A549 cells were administrated with icariin at different doses of 0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 μmol for 24 hours. Then, the survival of the A549 cells was detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and the invasion and migration capability the A549 cells were determined with Transwell assay and scratch assay. Immunofluorescence assay was used to measure vimentin expression. Western blot was adopted to detect expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) in the A549 cells treated with different concentrations (10, 20, 50 μmol) of icariin alone or combined with 10 μmol JNK inhibitor SP600125.  Results  Significantly lower survival rates of 72 ± 8%, 57 ± 7%, 48 ± 6%, and 38 ± 5% were detected for the A549 cells treated with 100, 200, 300, and 400 μmol icariin compared to that for the cells without incariin treatment (all P < 0.01). Significantly decreased number of invasive cells (84 ± 12, 30 ± 8, 10 ± 5; all P < 0.01), rate of scratch healing (84 ± 7%,70 ± 6%, 45 ± 6%; all P < 0.01), and expressions of VEGF (0.40 ± 0.07, 0.16 ± 0.04, 0.05 ± 0.03), N-cadherin (0.70 ± 0.08, 0.26 ± 0.05, 0.08 ± 0.04) and vimentin (25.5 ± 2.9, 12.1 ± 2.6, 5.3 ± 2.0) (P < 0.05 for all) but significantly increased expression of E-cadherin (0.13 ± 0.05, 0.44 ± 0.06, 0.95 ± 0.08) and ratios of phosphorylated CaMKII/CaMKII (0.16 ± 0.05, 0.29 ± 0.07, 0.42 ± 0.07) and phosphorylated JNK/JNK (0.30 ± 0.06, 0.46 ± 0.08, 0.84 ± 0.09) (P < 0.05 for all) were detected in the A549 cells treated with 10, 20 and 50 μmol icariin in comparison with those detected in the cells without incariin treatment. In addition, 10 μmol icariin alleviated the inhibition of 10 μmol SP600125 on JNK phosphorylation in A549 cells.  Conclusion  Icariin can up-regulate the phosphorylation of CaMKII and JNK and activate the pathway to inhibit the survival and metastasis of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.
Status and influencing factors of health satisfaction and attitude towards shared medication among community residents in Wuxi city
Lu ZHANG, Chen WEI, Lai-cheng ZHU,
2020, 36(7): 1019-1022. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120448
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine health satisfaction and attitude towards shared medication and their influencing factors among community residents in Wuxi city of Jiangsu province for providing evidences to the improvement of community health service and population health in the city.  Methods  We conducted a questionnaire survey in May 2017 among 1 360 permanent residents aged 15 years and above selected using stratified random sampling in communities in Wuxi city. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were adopted in statistical analyses.  Results  Totally 1 062 of the residents completed the survey. The proportion of the participants reporting the usage of four or more common medical devices (including phygmomanometers, body fat calculator, weighing scale, thermometer, and glucometer) at home was higher among the medical personnel surveyed than among those with other occupations (18.30% [22/120] vs. 10.83% [102/942]) and the ratio of medical personnel surveyed having regular physical examination was also higher than that of participants with other occupations (88.33% vs. 37.47%). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that education, items of common medical devices (three or more) used at home, frequency of physical examination, and positive attitude towards shared medication were correlated with satisfaction to self-health among the participants with occupations other than medical personnel.  Conclusion  The health knowledge and behavior are at a good level generally and correlated with education, frequency of physical examination and positive attitude towards shared medication among community residents.
Utilization and influencing factors of hospitalization service among the all, migrant and home-dwelling rural women aged 15 years and above in less-developed areas of Jiangxi province: a tracking survey
Fei XIE, Chen CHEN, Bing-bing PAN,
2020, 36(7): 1023-1027. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119451
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the changing trend in hospitalization rate and its influencing factors among the all, migrant, and home-dwelling rural women and to provide evidences for improving hospitalization service to rural women in less-developed areas.   Methods  Using stratified multistage random cluster sampling, we conducted household questionnaire surveys among 3 347, 3 285, 2 923, 3 051, and 2 994 permanent female residents ≥ 15 years old in less-developed rural areas of Wuyuan, Luxi and Xiushui county of Jiangxi province in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014, respectively. Complex sampling logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors for utilization of hospitalization in the women.   Results  The hospitalization rate increased among the all, migrant, and home-dwelling rural women during the period and for all the women, the rate rose from 5.46% in 2006 to 9.34% in 2014. Compared to the migrant women, the home-dwelling women had higher annual hospitalization rate in the study period, except in the year of 2006. The prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 2.80% in the migrant woman and the rate was much lower than that in the home-dwelling women (14.50%). In contrast to the migrant women, the home-dwelling women had significantly higher hospitalization rate in 2012 (8.29% vs. 1.92%, χ2 = 137.996) and in 2014 (10.93% vs. 5.94%, χ2 = 123.641)(both P < 0.05). The hospitalization rate in the married home-dwelling women was 8.24% and significantly higher than that (6.50%) in the migrant women (χ2 = 5.334, P = 0.040). Complex sample logistic regression analyses revealed that the women aged 35 – 54 years, being unmarried, with middle income, and with ability to work were more likely to have a lower hospitalization rate in comparison to those aged 15 – 34 years, with higher income, being married/divorced/widowed, and being unable to work. Having chronic disease was a major risk factor for hospitalization for all the women.  Conclusion  Both the demand and utilization of hospitalization increased among adult women, especially among home-dwelling elderly women, in less-developed rural areas of Jiangxi province during the period from 2005 to 2014, suggesting that measures should be taken to promote utilization of hospitalization service in the population.
Utilization of contracted family doctor service and its determinants among migrant population in Fujian province
Hao-nan XU, Zhen LI, De-wen WANG
2020, 36(7): 1028-1031. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1124753
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the utilization of contracted family doctor service and its influencing factors among migrant population in Fujian province and to provide evidences for improving the role of the service primary health care.  Methods  The data on 6 020 migrant people in 9 municipalities of Fujian province were extracted from National Survey on Migrant Population conducted in 2018. STATA 12.0 software were used in statistical analyses.  Results  Of all the respondents, only 3.60% signed contracts for receiving contracted family doctor service; 85.20% did not participate in the service and 11.2% were unclear about their participation in the service. The respondents under 35 years old (P = 0.022), with a self-rated good health (P = 0.002), and migrating within the province (P < 0.001) and or within a city or a county (P < 0.001) were more likely to sign a contract for receiving contracted family doctor service.  Conclusion  The utilization of contracted family doctor service is poor and influenced by gender, marital status, education level, health status, migrating region, and health education among migrant population in Fujian province.
Prevalence and regional distribution of poor eyesight among young male physical examinees to be recruited by military academies
Hai-yue ZHANG, Zhi-jun TAN, Zhou LU,
2020, 36(7): 1032-1035. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120638
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore prevalence and regional distribution characteristics of poor eyesight among young male physical examinees to be recruited by Chinese military academies and to provide references for revising physical examination standard and making measures for poor eyesight prevention.  Methods  We extracted data on visual acuity among 17 – 20 years old (mean = 18.38 ± 0.73) boy students (n = 37 413) having physical examination for military academy recruit in 31 province level regions in 2017. The eyesight of the students was assessed with standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and then the students' uncorrected visual acuities were classified into four groups: normal (binocular distant vision ≥ 5.0), mild poor (monocular or binocular distant vision = 4.9 ), moderate poor (monocular or binocular distant vision 4.6 – 4.8), and severe poor (monocular or binocular distant vision ≤ 4.5). Regional difference in detection rate of poor eyesight was analyzed using SAS 9.4 software.  Results  For all the examinees, the overall detection rate of poor eyesight was 58.32%; a significant between province level region difference was observed in the detection rate (P < 0.001), with the lowest rate (39.11%) among the examinees in Chongqing municipality and the highest (79.94%) in Guangdong province among the 31 province level regions and with higher rates (67.39% and 70.66%) in the northwestern and southern and a lower rare (48.47%) in the northeastern among geographical regions in China. The poor eyesight detection rate decreased with the increment of age among the examinees. The detection rate was 57.00% and 59.67% among the examinees from urban and rural areas. There was a significant between urban-rural difference in the poor eyesight detection rate among the examinees in the eastern, central and southwestern China. The poor eyesight detection rate was lower among minority examinees than among Han examinees (55.61% vs. 58.69%) and the between ethnic group disparity in the detection rate was significant among the examinees from all geographical regions, except among those from southern and northern China (P < 0.05 for all).  Conclusion  The detection rate of poor eyesight was higher among young male physical examinees to be recruited by Chinese military academies and was significantly different among the examinees from various regions. The results suggest that measures should be implemented among adolescents to control the prevalence of poor eyesight.
Influencing factors of arrhythmia in a cohort of metal-expose workers (Jinchang Cohort): a nested case-control study
Lei-jie ZHANG, Juan-sheng LI, Hong-quan PU,
2020, 36(7): 1036-1039. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122506
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore influencing factors of arrhythmia among metal-exposed workers in a cohort of Jinchuan Nonferrous Metals Corporation (Jinchang Cohort) in Gansu province of Chian and to provide evidences for developing etiology study and preventive measures for arrhythmia.  Methods  We selected 5 758 workers by age stratification sampling from the participants of the Jinchang Cohort recruited from June 2011 to December 2013 and then conducted a 2-year follow-up among the workers. At the end of the follow-up, we assigned the workers with complete information into a case group (459 with first diagnosed arrhythmia) and a control group (3 090 with normal electrocardiograph [ECG]) for a nested case-control study. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to explore influencing factors of arrhythmia among the workers.  Results  Compared to those among the controls, significantly higher proportions of systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg (18.30% vs. 13.37%), with family history of hypertension (45.32% vs. 40.13%), with higher serum creatine kinase (8.06% vs. 5.66%), with higher serum uric acid (18.30% vs. 13.69%) were observed among the cases (all P < 0.05).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that aged < 45 years, aged ≥ 65 years, high serum uric acid, and family history of hypertension were risk factors for arrhythmia in the workers.  Conclusion  Arrhythmia is more likely to occur among the individuals with family history of hypertension and having higher serum uric acid among workers of all ages in the Jinchang Cohort.
Influencing factors for comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep disorder among adolescents: a cross-sectional survey
Zhi-wang LIU, Ying-jing BAO, Fang CHENG,
2020, 36(7): 1039-1042. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120019
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Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate influencing factors for comobidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep disorder among adolescents.  Methods  We a conducted survey on ADHD and sleep disorder among 2 133 students selected with stratified random cluster sampling from 6 high schools in 3 county-level regions in Ningbo city of Zhejiang province during May and June 2015. The Chinese Version Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Scale-Version IV (SNAP-IV) was used for the diagnosis of ADHD; the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to assess sleep status of the students; and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) , Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) , and a self-designed questionnaire were adopted to collected relevant information in the students. Then the 272 students identified with ADHD were assigned into a non-sleep disorder (NSD) group (n = 181) and a sleep disorder (SD) group (n = 91) for comparison analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore influencing factors of comobidity of ADHD and sleep disorder.  Results  For all the 272 students with ADHD, the average age of the NSD group was younger than that of SD group (14.27 ± 1.15 vs. 14.62 ± 1.10) ; the proportion of the students with difficulty in coping with learning stress was higher for the SD group than that for the NSD group (13.2% vs. 5.0%) ; the ratio of the students with maternal education of undergraduate or above was higher in NSD group than that in SD group (22.1% vs. 14.3%) . Compared to those in the SD group, lower scores for attention deficit (14.88 ± 3.95 vs. 16.21 ± 4.25) , anxiety (31.67 ± 7.56 vs. 38.31 ± 9.20) , and depression (11.42 ± 8.23 vs. 21.41 ± 9.83) were observed in NSD group; whereas there were significant differences in scores for hyperactivity disorder and oppositional disobedience between the two groups. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that age and high scores for attention deficit, anxiety, and depression were risk factors for the comobidity of ADHD and sleep disorder among the adolescents.  Conclusion  The comobidity of ADHD and sleep disorder are correlated with symptoms of attention deficit, anxiety and depression among high school adolescents and comprehensive strategies should be developed in interventions on sleep disorder among the adolescents.
Willingness to participate in long-term care insurance and its influencing factors among urban residents in Nanjing city: a cross-sectional survey
Ying-peng WANG, Jian-qian CHAO, Rui-xue CAI,
2020, 36(7): 1043-1046. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122768
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine willingness and associates of participating in long-term care insurance (LTCI) among urban residents in Nanjing city for providing references to establish and improve LTCI system.  Methods  Using convenient sampling, we recruited 1 700 adult residents (18 – 79 years old) in an urban community of Nanjing city and conducted a questionnaire survey from October 2017 to April 2018. Univariate statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were adopted to analyze influencing factors of willingness of LTCI participation.  Results  Of the 1 532 residents (mean age of 54.52 ± 15.72 years, 48.56% and 51.44% being male and female) with valid informantion, 45.17% reported the willingness to participate in LTCI. The results of binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to have the willingness to participate in LTCI: having the education equal to or higher than junior high school (odd ratio [OR] = 2.286, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.335 – 3.912) or graduate (OR = 3.205, 95% CI: 1.812 – 5.667), with a high annual medical expenses (OR = 3.278, 95% CI: 1.845 – 5.823), and being aware of LTCI (OR = 2.378, 95% CI: 1.798 – 3.146); while the participants being female (OR = 0.794, 95% CI: 0.634 – 0.993), aged 40 – 59 years (OR = 0.450, 95% CI: 0.244 – 0.828), and being widowed (OR = 0.453, 95% CI: 0.233 – 0.881) were less likely to have the willingness.  Conclusion  Both the awareness and willingness of participating in long-term care insurance are at a low level and the willingness is influenced mainly by gender, education, marital status, annual medical expenses, and related awareness among urban adult residents in Nanjing city.
Status quo of contracted family doctor services in Shandong province: from the perspective of residents
Xian-fu ZHANG, Zuo-sen CHEN, Jin-ping WANG,
2020, 36(7): 1047-1050. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121832
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the situation on recognition and utilization of contracted family doctor services among residents in Shandong province and to compare differences in the recognition and utilization between urban and rural residents.  Methods  With stratified multi-stage random sampling, we conducted face-to-face interviews among 1 200 residents aged 18 years and above in urban communities or rural villages in three municipalities of Shandong province in 2017. We compiled a questionnaire for the survey based literature review and expert consultation. Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 statistical software were adopted in data processing and analyses.  Results  A total of 1 052 valid questionnaires were collected. Compared to that among the rural residents, the awareness rate of contracted family doctor service was lower among the urban residents (70.3% vs. 92.1%) but the proportion of knowing nothing about the items of the services was higher among the urban residents than that of rural residents (30.4% [93 people] vs. 10.3% [77 people]). The urban residents also reported significantly lower ratios of selecting community healthcare institutions when visiting a doctor at first (46.7% vs. 85.8% ), utilizing on-site service (63.7% vs. 88.2%), and receiving telephone follow-up (62.4% vs. 77.6% ) in comparison to the rural residents (P < 0.05 for all).  Conclusion  The awareness and utilization of contracted family doctor service are lower among urban residents than those among rural residents in Shandong province.
Effect of different therapy in gastric cancer patients: an evaluation with inverse probability of treatment weighting
Jie MA, Jia-ning FENG, Xiao-xuan WANG,
2020, 36(7): 1051-1054. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121632
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Abstract:
  Objective  To evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy, surgery and combined therapy among gastric cancer patients with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method.  Methods  We extracted the data on 7 005 pathogenically diagnosed gastric cancer patients (3 983 undergoing surgery, 795 with radiotherapy, and 2 227 receiving combined therapy) from the datasets of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) of United States for the period from January 2004 through 2013. Then we conducted a retrospective analysis on survival and therapeutic outcome of the patients with IPTW method.  Results  For the patients with surgery, radiotherapy, and the combined therapy, the median survival time were 30, 9, and 38 months before weighted with IPTW and 25, 11, and 38 months after weighted with IPTW. There were significant differences in survival curves for the three groups of patients before and after weighted with IPTW (P < 0.001 for all). Patients with the combined therapy were better for prognosis than those with surgery or radiotherapy before and after weighting analysis with IPTW. The absolute standardized mean difference (ASMD) for survival analysis results weighted by IPTW for the three patients groups were all less than 0.2, indicating a balanced weighting effect among the three patient groups. Cox multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that compared with those with surgery, the patients with radiotherapy had a poor prognosis (hazard risk [HR]= 2.044, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.770 – 2.361), whereas the patients with the combined therapy had a better prognosis (HR = 0.630, 95% CI: 0.573 – 0.694) after adjusting for confounders such as gender, age, race, marital status, tumor size, pathogenically differentiated degree, tumor stage, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging.  Conclusion   T he prognosis of gastric cancer patients with combined therapy is better than the patients with surgery or radiotherapy.
Establishment of an index system for evaluation on health-related social capital for new urban immigrants in China
Rao CHEN, Xiao HU, Bo GAO
2020, 36(7): 1055-1057. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121292
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Abstract:
  Objective  To develop an index system for the evaluation on health-related social capital for new urban immigrants as a measurement tool in assessment of the social capital in China.  Methods  We first constructed an index system framework with literature review and panel discussion and then evaluated and screened the indicators of the system with two rounds of Delphi consultation among 34 experts. The weights of the indicators were determined with analytic hierarchy process (AHP).  Results  The experts′ positive coefficients were 97.1% and 94.1% and the expert coordination coefficients were 0.14 and 0.27 (both P < 0.05) for the two rounds of consultation; the authoritative coefficient was 0.85. The eventually established index system included 5 first, 23 second, and 50 third level indicators and the weights for the indicators of different levels ranged 0.15 – 0.28, 0.13 – 0.36, and 0.18 – 0.55, respectively.  Conclusion  The established index system is applicable for the measurement and evaluation of health-related social capital for new urban immigrants.
Plasma homocysteine and related genes among native Tibetans
Deji, Duojibandan, Yangla,
2020, 36(7): 1058-1062. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123549
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Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) gene polymorphism among native Tibetans.  Methods  Totally 447 Tibetan residents aged 30 – 70 years were selected with simple random sampling from Chengguan district (3 650 meters above sea level) in Lhasa city, Tibet Autonomous Region from June to July 2017. The residents' plasma Hcy level, MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G locus gene polymorphism were detected. SPSS 17.0 software was used in data analysis.  Results  The median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) of plasma Hcy was 15.40 (13.40, 17.90) μmol/L for all the residents; the Hcy median of the male residents was higher than that of the female residents (16.55 [14.40,19.68] vs. 15.00 [12.90, 16.90)] (P < 0.05), but the disparity was not observed among the residents aged 61 – 70 years. Among all the residents, the prevalence rate of H-type hypertension was 13.9% (62/447), and the detection rate of H-type hypertension was 60.2% (62/103) in the hypertensives. The plasma Hcy level was significantly higher in the residents with TT type of MTHFR C677T locus (P < 0.05). The influencing factors of H-type hypertension were age, systolic blood pressure, gender, and genotype of MTHFR C677T (P < 0.05 for all).  Conclusion  The men, the women over 60 years old, and the people with TT type of MTHFR C677T are focus groups for health management among native Tibetans.
Incidence and risk factors of low birth weight in Tongzhou district of Beijing: 2013 – 2017
Zhao-xue MENG, Chu-yao JIN, Hai-jun WANG,
2020, 36(7): 1063-1067. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120587
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the incidence and risk factors of low birth weight (LBW) among newborns in Tongzhou district of Beijing from 2013 to 2017 and to provide evidences for developing effective interventions to reduce LBW rate.  Methods  The data on demographics, pregnancy history, and current pregnancy for all pregnant women with singleton births from 2013 to 2017 (n = 34 726) were collected from Hospital Information System of Tongzhou district and then analyzed retrospectively to explore the incidence and influence factors of low birth weight. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors of LBW.  Results  The incidence of LBW was 2.79% and increased significantly in the district during the 5-year period (χ2trend = 3.99, P < 0.05). Of all the LBW neonates, 10.7% were very low birth weight and the proportion of moderate LBW increased significantly (χ2trend = 4.85, P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analyses revealed following risk factors for LBW: maternal stature of less than 160 cm (odds ratio [OR] = 2.66, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.71 – 4.12), maternal stature between 160 cm and 169 cm (OR = 1.63, 95% CI:1.07 – 2.49), maternal unemployment or underemployment (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.46), being a primipara (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.20 – 1.74), placenta previa (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.32 – 3.72), hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (OR = 4.59, 95% CI: 3.64 – 5.78), preterm birth (OR = 69.69, 95% CI: 58.51 – 83.01), and with a female neonate (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.13 – 1.59). Stratified multivariate analyses further confirmed that short maternal stature, placenta previa, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy were risk factors of preterm LBW; while, short maternal stature, primipara, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, and with a female neonate were risk factors of term LBW.  Conclusion  The incidence of low birth weight increased obviously during 2013 to 2017 in Tongzhou district of Beijing. Early intervention on low birth weight should be conducted among the pregnant women at high risk to reduce the incidence of low birth weight.
Trajectories and characteristics of urinary gonadotropin and sex hormones in healthy 0 – 6 years old children
Ze BEN, Ya-ping MA, Chun-mei CHEN,
2020, 36(7): 1068-1074. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120296
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Abstract:
  Objective  To observe changing trends and characteristics of urinary gonadotropin and sex hormones in healthy children aged 0 – 6 years and to provide preliminary references for researches on mini-puberty and precocious puberty.  Methods  First morning urinary samples were collected from 920 healthy 0 – 6 years old children (471 boys and 449 girls) in two communities of Wuxi city, Jiangsu province between May 2016 and October 2017; urinary gonadotropin and sex hormones were determined using immunochemiluminometric assay with creatinine (Cr) correction.  Results  The median (25% percentile [P25] – 75% percentile [P75]) of urinary luteinizing hormone corrected by creatinine (ULH/Cr) was 29.36 (17.72 – 65.05) U/mol and 33.31 (20.47 – 76.46) U/mol in the boys and girls, without significant gender difference. The median (P25P75) of urinary follicle stimulating hormone corrected by creatinine (UFSH/Cr) among the boys was 473.37 (304.15 – 758.17) U/mol and was significantly lower than that (2 414.57 [1 444.80 – 4 212.84] U/mol) among the girls (t = – 16.61, P < 0.001). The median (P25P75) of urinary estriol corrected by creatinine (UE3/Cr) among the boys was 21.58 (16.06 – 32.47) μg/mol and was significantly lower than that (24.18 [18.57 – 35.53] μg/mol) among the girls (t =– 0.857, P = 0.001). The median (P25P75) of urinary estradiol corrected by creatinine (UE2/Cr) was 34.89 (24.08 –59.87) μg/mol and 32.08 (22.33 – 54.39) μg/mol among the boys and girls, without significant gender difference. The urinary gonadotropin and sex hormone presented a decreasing trend with the increment of age in both the boys and the girls. The decrease in UE2/Cr slows down at the age of 1.5 years and the decreases in other sex hormones slows down at the age of 6 months among the boys; while, among the girls the decreases in ULH/Cr and UE2/Cr slow down at the age of 2 years and the decreases in UFSH/Cr, UE3/C, and urinary progesterone corrected by creatinine (UPro/Cr) slow down at the age of 5 years, 6 months, and 3 years, respectively.  Conclusion  Urinary gonadotropin and sex hormone decrease with the increment of age and the decreases differ by gender and various hormones among 0 – 6 years old healthy children.
Health literacy among farmers in Gansu province, 2018: a cross-sectional study
Ning SU, Zhi-zhong ZHANG, Zhi-fan WANG
2020, 36(7): 1075-1079. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1128031
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the status of health literacy among farmers in Gansu province and to provide references for health education and promotion in the population.  Methods  Using stratified multistage random sampling, we conducted a survey among 16 687 farmers 15 – 69 years recruited in rural regions across Gansu province during October – December, 2018. Information on health literacy of the farmers were collected with the National Health Literacy Surveillance Questionnaire developed by National Health Commission.  Results  Among the 16 349 farmers with valid response, only 9.7% (1 587) were assessed with adequate health literacy and the proportion (number) of the farmers with adequate health literacy domains were 18.9% (3 019) for basic health knowledge and theory, 12.4% (1 959) for healthy lifestyle and behavior, and 11.9% (1 905) for fundamental skills; the proportions (number) of the farmers with adequate health literacy of other 6 indicators were 31.7% (5 149) for scientific health concept, 17.0% (2 579) for infectious disease prevention and treatment, 15.1% (2 499) for chronic disease prevention and treatment, 29.6% (4 853) for safety and first aid, 15.8% (2 492) for basic medical care, and 16.4% (2 677) for health information, respectively.  Conclusion  The health literacy is at a low level among farmers in Gansu province, especially for the health literacy of fundamental skills and chronic disease prevention and treatment, suggesting that targeted education on health literacy should be promoted in the population.
Prevalence of enterovirus contamination in children′s playgrounds, kindergartens and nurseries
Yi-fang LONG, Xiao-hua TANG, Han-ri ZENG,
2020, 36(7): 1080-1082. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121316
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the prevalence of enterovirus contamination in children′s playgrounds, kindergartens and nurseries in Guangdong province.  Methods  We conducted three waves of survey at 15 children′s playgrounds and 32 kindergartens and nurseries in regions with different geographic location, economic development, and demographic structure across Guangdong province during epidemic seasons of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) between November and December of 2015 and 2016, June and July of 2016. Articles′ and facilities′ surface swab specimens were sampled and tested with fluorogenic quantitative PCR for detections of HFMD-related enterovirus nucleic acid.  Results  The overall enterovirus positive rate was 8.40% for 238 environmental specimens sampled at 15 children′s playgrounds and 0.36% for 6 089 environmental specimens sampled at 32 kindergartens and nurseries, with a significant difference (χ2 = 212.62, P < 0.01). The positive rate of outdoor environment specimens was significantly higher than that of indoor environment specimens (32.26% vs. 4.83%, χ2 = 22.91; P < 0.01). The most heavily contaminated facilities in children′s playgrounds were electric rocking and rolling cars. The positive rate of specimens sampled at rural playgrounds was significantly higher than that of specimens sampled at sub-urban and urban playgrounds (21.25% vs. 3.03% and 1.02%, χ2 = 25.84; P < 0.01). The positive rate (0.55%) of specimens sampled at kindergartens with HFMD epidemic diseases was significantly higher than that (0.26%) of specimens sampled at kindergartens without the epidemic (χ2 = 3.97, P < 0.05). For the specimens sampled at kindergartens and nurseries, the overall positive rate in HFMD epidemic seasons were significantly higher than that during other periods (0.59% vs. 0.13%, χ2 = 6.43, P = 0.01).  Conclusion  There are environment contaminations of enterovirus in children′s playgrounds, kindergartens and nurseries and the contamination is more prevalent in children′s playgrounds in Guangdong province.
Caring behaviors and their influencing factors among main family caregivers of bedridden inpatients
Xiao-jiao YANG, Liang ZHU, Feng-lan WANG,
2020, 36(7): 1083-1086. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118579
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine caring behaviors and their influencing factors among main family caregivers of bedridden inpatients and to provide evidences for improving caring behaviors of main family caregivers and decreasing the incidence of pressure sore among bedridden inpatients.  Methods  We conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey among 338 main family caregivers of bedridden inpatients recruited with convenient sampling from October 2016 to February 2017. Pressure Sore Care Cognition Scale, Pressure Sore Care Behavior Scale, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale-Chinese Version, and self-designed questionnaires on information about demography of the caregivers and clinical conditions of the inpatients were used in the survey.  Results  For all the main family caregivers, the average total caring behavior score was 37.20 ± 4.79, with the lowest average domain scores for cares of turning over in bed and wound nursing (1.61 and 1.88) and the highest for skin nursing (1.95). Univariate analyses demonstrated that care behaviors of the caregivers differed significantly by the caregiver′s kinship with the inpatient, age, gender, economic status, care experience, and care burden. Multivariate stepwise regression analyses revealed that a caregiver′s perceived cognition on pressure sore susceptibility (β = 0.784, β ′ = 0.139), age (β = 2.645, β ′ = 0.187), gender (β = – 1.754, β ′ = – 0.175), whether having care experience (β = – 3.727, β ′ = – 0.325), bedridden time of inpatients (β = – 0.923, β ′ = – 0.133), care burden for the caregiver (β = 0.093, β ′ = 0.278) were major influencing factors of care behaviors among the caregivers and those factors could explain 27.3% of total variance of care behaviors.  Conclusion  There are some misunderstandings and deficiencies in caring behaviors of main family caregivers of bedridden inpatients. The results indicate that targeted education on pressure sore susceptibility of bedridden inpatients should be promoted among caregivers to improve caregivers′ care behavior and decrease pressure sore incidence among the inpatients.
Relationship between physical activity and prevalence of abnormal blood pressure among residents in Chongqing city
Ting LIU, Mei-xian WANG, Hua-kun RAO,
2020, 36(7): 1087-1090. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121065
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the situation of physical activity and the prevalence of abnormal blood pressure and to explore the relationship between work, leisure, commuting-related physical activity and the prevalence of abnormal blood pressure among residents of Chongqing city.  Methods  Using stratified multistage random sampling, we conducted a questionnaire survey on demographics, life behavior, and physical activity and physical examination including blood pressure measurement among 15 038 permanent residents aged ≥ 15 years in Chongqing city during the period from 2012 to 2015.  Results  Among all the participants, 64.5% (9 695) were detected with abnormal blood pressure. For all the participants, the overall physical activity level was 5 321.61 metabolic equivalent task-minutes (MET-min)/week (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 5 220.41 – 5 422.81) and the physical activity attributed to work, commuting, and leisure were 3 844.02 (95% CI: 3 752.26 – 3 935.79), 1 120.80 (95% CI: 1 097.42 – 1 144.18), and 356.78 (95% CI: 337.14 – 376.42) MET-min/week, respectively. The work-related physical activity decreased the risk of abnormal blood pressure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.987, 95% CI: 0.979 – 0.996) among the male participants and the commuting-related physical activity decreased the risk of abnormal blood pressure (OR = 0.951, 95% CI: 0.915 – 0.987) among the female participants (both P < 0.001).  Conclusion  The work-related and commuting-related physical activity are protective factors against abnormal blood pressure among male and female residents in Chongqing city.
Progress in researches on assessment of breastfeeding support in the workplace and related tools
Xin-hui ZHANG, Dong-hong WU, Xian ZHANG,
2020, 36(7): 1090-1093. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121549
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Abstract:
Due to the lack of effective support to breastfeeding in the workplace, working mothers generally have premature weaning, and support to breastfeeding in the workplace needs to be improved. At present, there is a lack of tools to assess breastfeeding support in the workplace. This article reviews the existing assessment tools for breastfeeding support in the workplace in foreign countries, in order to provide a reference for exploring suitable assessment tools for breastfeeding support in the workplace in China.
Exposure parameters-related drinking water intake and daily life water usage among urban adult residents in Lanzhou city
Jin-yu WANG, Sheng LI, Ya-li FENG,
2020, 36(7): 1094-1097. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121634
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine drinking water intake and daily life water usage among urban adult residents in Lanzhou city of Gansu province and to provide basic data for estimating domestic water-related exposure parameters for health risk assessment.  Methods  A total of 1 236 residents aged 18 years and older were randomly selected with stratified multistage cluster sampling from four urban districts in Lanzhou for a questionnaire survey during July – August and December, 2017. Information on drinking water intake and dermal exposure parameter-related to water usage were collected and analyzed.  Results  The medians of direct, indirect, and total drinking water intake were 1 650 mL/d, 394 mL/d and 2 142 mL/d among the respondents, respectively; the three medians differed significantly by gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) groups and the median for indirect drinking water intake was significantly different among the respondents with various occupations (P < 0.05 for all). The average body surface area was 1.746 m2 for all the respondents and the average area was 1.846 m2 and 1.646 m2 for the male and female respondents, and 1.731 m2, 1.783 m2 and 1.709 m2 for the respondents aged 18 – 44, 45 – 64 and over 65 years old, respectively. The total time of water-related daily activity of the respondents was 76.51 minutes per day (min/d); the time water-related daily activity was 5.67, 6.26, 6.24 and 12.75 min/d for washing face, hands, head and feet, 14.34 min/d for bathing, 13.18 and 11.97 min/d for washing dishes and vegetables, and 6.10 min/d for washing clothes, respectively; the times of water-related daily activities differed significantly by gender, age and occupation among the respondents (all P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Gender, age, BMI and occupation may influence drinking water intake and daily life water usage among adult urban residents in Lanzhou city.
Knowledge, attitude and practice about patients′ safety and their influenc-ing factors among nursing students of high vocational colleges in Chongqing city
Ying LIU, Song LUO, Ming-chao XIAO,
2020, 36(7): 1098-1100. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1129500
Abstract(1141) HTML (292) PDF 440KB(19)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the status quo and influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on patients′ safety among nursing students in higher vocational schools in Chongqing city and to provide evidences for conducting education programs on patients′ safety in the students.  Methods  Using random cluster sampling, we recruited 846 nursing graduates in three high vocational schools in Chongqing city and carried out a survey with a self-designed questionnaire from November 2018 to April 2019.  Results  For all the respondents, the overall score of KAP about patients′ safety was 103.87 ± 9.12 and the scores were 30.65 ± 2.75, 38.46 ± 4.36, and 34.76 ± 4.18 for patients′ safety related knowledge, attitude, and practice, respectively. The results of stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that the respondents ever participating in clinical practice and those ever taking relevant training courses had a better KAP on patients′ safety.  Conclusion  The knowledge, attitude and practice about patients′ safety are at a medium level and mainly influenced by participations of clinical practice and training course on patients′ safety among nursing students in high vocational schools in Chongqing city.
Health risk in relation to microbial contamination of drinking water in rural areas of Yichang municipality: a GIS-based assessment
Yong YANG, Yan-ping WANG, Xiao-yan MING
2020, 36(7): 1101-1104. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120186
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the feasibility and applicability of utilization of geographic information system (GIS) technology in drinking water quality monitoring and early warning of drinking water related diseases in rural areas.  Methods  We collected representative source water samples at 100 sampling points of 4 small centralized water plants in rural areas of Yichang municipality, Hubei province for detections of microbiological and other qualitative indicators between August and October 2017. The relevant data on previous drinking water quality monitoring, incidents of notifiable intestinal infectious diseases and infectious diarrhea were collected from Yichang Municipal Big Data Platform for Health Management simultaneously. We performed integration and visualization of the data gathered using GIS technology for early warning of drinking water related health risk and its map displays.  Results  For the source water samples detected, the total bacterial count was significantly positively correlated with coliform bacteria (r = 0.850, P < 0.01) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) count (r = 0.566, P < 0.01); significantly positive correlations were also observed between coliform bacteria and E. coli count (r = 0.501, P < 0.01) and between E. coli and Salmonella (r = 0.632, P < 0.05). We successfully drew monitoring and early warming maps for drinking water related health risk by integrating the data on distribution of source water, water supply plants, regions and populations covered by the water supply, incidents and cluster of related diseases, and monitoring results using GIS technology.  Conclusion  The study results suggest that E. coli could be used as an indicator of Salmonella contamination of source water from rivers and GIS technology-based microbial contamination monitoring and early warming for drinking water could play an important supportive role in disease prevention and public health emergency management in rural areas.
Sleep duration and cancer risk in Chinese population: a meta-analysis
Yu-heng CHEN, Ya-long WANG, Xiao-shuang FENG,
2020, 36(7): 1104-1108. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123039
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the association between sleep duration and cancer incidence in Chinese population and to provide evidences for cancer prevention and control.  Methods  We carried out a systematic search, as well as backward citation tracking, for literatures published up to September 30th 2018 on sleep duration and cancer incidence risk in Chinese population through Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Embase and Web of Sciences for a meta-analysis with Stata 12.0 software.  Results  Totally 7 studies (4 published in English and 3 in Chinese) were included, and 3 104 cancer cases were pooled into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that compared to that in the controls, increased cancer risk was not observed in the cases with both short or long sleep duration (P > 0.05). While, subgroup analysis demonstrated that long sleep duration was associated with cancer risk in case-control studies (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31; 95 confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.11 – 1.55). Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test indicated that there was no publication bias for included cohort studies and case-control studies and the results of the meta-analysis were stable.  Conclusion  Based on evidences from case-control studies, long sleep duration could increase cancer risk in Chinese population.
Progress in researches on influencing factors of diarrhea in children under five years old
Qiong TANG, Yi LONG, Li-na YANG
2020, 36(7): 1109-1112. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122950
Abstract(1880) HTML (1154) PDF 523KB(79)
Abstract:
Diarrhea is one of the most important public health problems in China, which is common among children under five, and bring a great burden to individuals, families and the society. The study reviews influencing factors of diarrhea in children under 5 years old from two main aspects: infectious factors and non-infectious factors, aiming to provide references for diarrhea prevention and control in children under 5 years old.
Health damage caused by heavy metals from gold mining: a review
Hong-mei JING, Shu-hua XI
2020, 36(7): 1113-1116. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120492
Abstract(1567) HTML (645) PDF 507KB(24)
Abstract:
In recent years, China′s gold industry has developed rapidly, including the mining of gold mines. The production process of gold mines generally includes rock drilling, crushing, handling, grinding, smelting and other processes. The entire mining process and the processing stage of tailings slag could result in a variety of heavy metal pollution (such as copper, lead, mercury). The effects of heavy metals are of long-term, concealed and irreversible characteristics, which cause not only pollution to the environment, but also pose a threat to the health of residents and miners around the mine site. Excessive copper in the body is inextricably linked to various diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes. Excessive lead intake can lead to DNA damage and oxidative damage and could cause cancer in some circumstances. If accumulated excessively in the body, mercury would damage several organ systems. Understanding the ways in which gold mining induces heavy metal pollution and the health damage among populations exposed to the pollutants are important to implement protective measures against gold mining-related heavy metal pollution and among residents living around gold mines to protect the health of the population.
Impact of ambient air pollution on physical activity among residents in China: a systematic review
Bin-bin YING, Jing SHEN, Ya-rong WANG,
2020, 36(7): 1116-1120. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122698
Abstract(2251) HTML (1188) PDF 609KB(93)
Abstract:
  Objective  To systematically review literatures regarding the impact of ambient air pollution on physical activity among Chinese residents and to provide references for air quality management and health policy making in China.  Methods  Studies on the impact of ambient air pollution on physical activity among Chinese residents published till August 27, 2018 for those in English and November 9, 2018 for those in Chinese were searched through Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI); meanwhile, manual-searching is conducted in Google Scholar for related articles.  Results  Totally 15 studies (10 published in English and 5 in Chinese) were included in the analysis. Air pollution is found to be associated with reduced physical activity level (e.g., outdoor physical activity duration, frequency of eating out) among Chinese residents. Regarding commuting mode, air pollution is associated with reduced use of non-motorized transportation (e.g., walking, cycling) and increased use of motorized transportation (e.g., car, subway).  Conclusion  The level of air pollution has a significant impact on physical activity of Chinese urban residents in China.