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2020 Vol. 36, No. 8

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Prevalence and influence factors of cardiovascular disease among residents aged 15 years and above in southeast Guizhou province
Mian-yong ZHOU, Hui GUAN, Ling-hui ZHANG,
2020, 36(8): 1121-1127. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1124069
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the prevalence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among residents aged 15 years and above living in southeast area of Guizhou province and to provide references for implementing relevant interventions.  Methods  A total of 149 787 residents (≥ 15 years old) were randomly selected using random cluster sampling in southeast area of Guizhou province and surveyed with a face-to-face interview, routine examination for CVD, physical examination, and laboratory detections between April 2018 and March 2019.  Results  Among all the participants, 857 CVD cases were diagnosed, with a prevalence rate of 572.15/100 000 and a standardized prevalence rate of 570.03/100 000. The results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed following risk factors for CVD incidence in the participants: aged 40 years and above, Miao nationality, Tujia nationality, household annual income > 10 000 RMB yuan per capita, family history of CVD, overweight, obesity, smoking, alcohol drinking, long-term stress or anxiety, air pollution of residential environmen, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia; the results indicated that protective factors against CVD incidence were as following: being female, Buyi nationality, Dong nationality, being a worker, being a professional staff, being a cadre, being an attendant in public entertainment place, being a business man, living in rural area, with normal body weight, tea drinking, having physical exercise, with preference for acid food, consumption of dairy products, and consumption of vegetable and fruit.  Conclusion  The prevalence of CVD is relatively high and mainly influenced by gender, age, nationality, educational level, occupation, household annual income per capita, family CVD history, place of residence, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, tea drinking, physical exercise, dietary pattern, type of food consumed, long-term stress or anxiety, air pollution in residential environment, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia among the residents aged 15 years and above in southeast area of Guizhou province.
A Descriptive Spatial Study on Prevention and Control of Keshan Disease in China.
Shan HAN, Tong WANG, Jie HOU,
2020, 36(8): 1128-1131. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1125779
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the prevalence and prevention and control effect of Keshan disease (KD) in China and to provide evidences for developing prevention and control strategies and rational allocation of health resources.  Methods  We conducted case searching and key endemic area investigation among permanent residents in 280 KD endemic areas in 15 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities across China during 2015 – 2016. Data on KD surveillance and KD prevention and control performance in the endemic areas were collected.  Results  85.4% of all KD endemic counties were surveyed in the study. Among the 237 000 residents examined, 802 were diagnosed as KD, with a prevalence rate of 14.3/10 000. Of all the KD patients diagnosed, 153 and 649 were chronic and potential cases and the prevalence rates of the two type of KD were 2.7 and 11.6 per 10 000 for the residents surveyed. The analysis results of surveillance data demonstrated that 75.7% of the surveyed KD endemic counties with the indicators reaching the standards for KD elimination and 13.9% with the indicators for KD control; only 10.4% of the counties with the indicators not meeting the required for KD control and those counties were mainly located in Gansu and Shandong province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.  Conclusion  The prevalence of Keshan disease was generally under well control during 2015 – 2016 in China but there were still endemic counties with surveillance indicators not reaching national standards for the control of the disease in a few provinces.
Aggressive behaviors among left-behind and non-left-behind children in rural China: a comparative analysis
Wen HAO, Chun-xia WU, Yi-zhen YU
2020, 36(8): 1132-1138. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120384
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Abstract:
  Objective   To compare differences in aggression behaviors among rural left-behind children (LBC) and non-left-behind children (NLBC) and to explore factors influencing the differences for providing evidences to interventions on the children's aggression behaviors.   Methods   Using stratified multistage cluster sampling, we conducted a survey among primary and high school students recruited in 5 provinces across China from November 2014 to May 2015. A questionnaire on general information, the Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire Revised in China (BWAQ-RC) , Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales, and the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents were adopoted to assess the students′ aggression behaviors, neglect, physical abuse, and resilience.  Results   Of the 16 977 students surveyed, 5 477 (32.26%) and 11 500 (67.74%) were LBC and NLBC. Compared to the NLBC, the LBC showed significantly higher overall BWAQ-RC score (70.96 ± 16.53 vs. 69.03 ± 16.50) and domain scores of physical aggression (13.51 ± 4.50 vs. 13.00 ± 4.83), verbal aggression (12.16 ± 3.27 vs. 11.92 ± 3.34), indirect aggression (12.07 ± 3.86 vs. 11.79 ± 3.82), anger (15.54 ± 4.58 vs. 15.35 ± 4.55), and hostility (17.68 ± 5.34 vs. 16.96 ± 5.29) (P < 0.01 for all). Significantly higher rate of aggressive behaviors was reported by the LBC than the NLBC in the following same subgroups of the students: the males (33.19% vs. 29.60%), the females (28.91% vs.25.63%), primary school students of grade 4 – 6 (31.26% vs. 25.16%), junior high school students (30.18% vs. 26.79%), with mother as the main caregiver (29.89% vs. 26.62%), under democratic style parenting of main caregivers (26.99% vs. 25.12%), and under strict style parenting of main caregivers (31.94% vs. 25.79%) (all P < 0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the LBC were more likely to have aggressive behaviors than the NLBC (odds ratio = 1.105, 95% confidence interval: 1.016 – 1.200) and major influencing factors for aggressive behaviors were gender, parenting style, physical abuse, and resilience in both LBC and NLBC.  Conclusion   Left behind may be a risk factor for aggressive behaviors and the prevalence of aggressive behavior is positively influenced by male gender, undesirable parenting style, and physical abuse but reversely by resilience among rural primary and high school children.
Assessment of 10-year risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease among 35 − 75 years old residents in Fujian province
Xin FANG, Ze YANG, Wen-ling ZHONG,
2020, 36(8): 1139-1142. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1126994
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Abstract:
  Object  To estimate ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) risk in 10 years among residents aged 35 − 75 years in Fujian province for providing evidences to ICVD prevention and control.  Methods  The study data were from a high ICVD risk screening and comprehensive intervention program conducted during 2017 − 2018 among 35 − 75 years residents (n = 69 880) recruited with convenient sampling at 6 districts/counties in Fujian province. Questionnaire interview, physical examination and laboratory detection were performed among the participants to collect ICVD risk-related information, including smoking, height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood fat. The ICVD risk of the participants were evaluated based on their age, smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), and diabetes using national approaches for 10-year ICVD risk assessment.  Results  The average score for 10-year ICVD risk of the participants was 4.98 ± 3.61, and the median of absolute risk was 2.1 (25% quartile: 0.5, 75% quartile: 3.9). The proportion of the participants assessed as with high ICVD risk (absolute risk > 10%) was 11.4% (12.6% and 10.7% for male and female participants) and the proportions of those with moderate and low risk were 41.6% (45.2% and 39.2% for the males and the females) and 47.0% (42.2% and 50.2% for the males and the females), respectively. The 10-year ICVD risk increased with the increment of age among the participants. The proportion of the participants with high ICVD risk was higher for the subgroups with lower income, education and living in rural regions.  Conclusion  For the 35 − 75 years old residents in Fujian province, 11.4% are assessed with a risk of greater than 10% for the incidence of ischemic cardiovascular disease during next 10 years, suggesting that targeted interventions should be conducted in the population, especially among male residents and those at elder age, with low income or education.
Mediating effect of sleep disorders on correlation between behavioral/emotional problem and parenting style among preschool children
Geng XU, Xiang-jun GONG, Zi-qing ZHU,
2020, 36(8): 1143-1146. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122985
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the mediating effect of sleep disorders on the relationship between children′s behavioral/emotional problems and parenting styles in preschool children and to provide evidences for family intervention on psychological behavior problems in the children.  Methods  Using random cluster sampling we selected 10 kindergartens in urban Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province and conducted a survey among all the parents (n = 2 582) of the children of the kindergartens during February – April 2018. We adopted the Children′s Sleep Health Questionnaire (CSHQ), Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ), and Parent Behavior Inventory (PBI) to collect relevant information. AMOS 22.0 software was used to construct a structural equation model in data analysis.  Results  For all the children, the CSHQ score was 49.7 ± 5.0; the SDQ score was 10.0 ± 4.4; the prosocial behavior score was 7.23 ± 1.9; the paternal and maternal support and participation score were 35.4 ± 8.2 and 39.2 ± 7.3 and the paternal and maternal hostile and force were 17.4 ± 6.5 and 17.8 ± 6.8, respectively. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the total CSHQ score and SDQ difficulty score was positively correlated with paternal and maternal hostile and force score and inversely correlated with paternal and maternal support and participation score (all P < 0.05); the SDQ difficulty score was inversely correlated with prosocial behavior score (P < 0.01); the prosocial behavior score was positively correlated with paternal and maternal support and participation score but inversely correlated with paternal and maternal hostile and force score (P < 0.01 for all). The indirect effect coefficients were 0.04 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.028 – 0.052), 0.02 (95% CI: 0.005 – 0.025), and 0.01 (95% CI: 0.001 to 0.018) for the mediating effect of CSHQ total score on the associations of the children′s SDQ difficulty score with maternal hostile score, paternal hostile and force score, and maternal support and participation.  Conclusion  Sleep disorders exert a significant mediating effect on the relationship between behavioral emotional problems and parenting style in preschool children.
Influence of changing in dietary intake frequency on depression during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study
Yong-le ZHAN, Yun-li CHEN, Ying-jie SHI,
2020, 36(8): 1147-1152. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123448
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the influence of changing in dietary intake frequency on depression during pregnancy.  Methods  From July 25th, 2017 to July 24th, 2018, totally 5 974 pregnant women in first trimester without depression were recruited from 7 976 participants of Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study (CPWCS) – a multicenter survey conducted in 15 provincial regions across China and were followed up till 28 gestational week. Valid information were finally collected from 3 765 recruited pregnant women with a questionnaire on demographics, type and frequency of food intake during previous 7 days and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).  Results  Of 3 765 participants, 19.5% were identified with depression during their second trimester. The results of log-binomial regression analysis showed that increased intake frequencies of breakfast (relative risk [RR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.68 – 0.99; P = 0.036), tubers (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71 – 0.95; P = 0.009), dark vegetables (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 – 0.99; P = 0.032), fruits (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62 – 0.87; P < 0.001), milk and dairy products (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72 – 0.96; P = 0.012) and unchanged intake frequencies of eggs (RR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65 – 0.94; P = 0.008) and desserts (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69 – 0.97; P = 0.018) were protective factors against the occurrence of depression; while an increased intake frequencies of western-style fast food (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06 – 1.63; P = 0.012) and puffed food (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02 – 1.47; P = 0.030) were risk factors of depression incident.  Conclusion  Type and frequencies of dietary intake have significant influence on depression incident in pregnant women during second trimester. Health education and guidance on nutrition and reasonable dietary pattern during pregnancy should be promoted among pregnant women.
Advances in researches on epigenetic toxicity of cadmium
Ye LIU, Zi-qi LIU, Wen CHEN,
2020, 36(8): 1152-1156. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123116
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Abstract:
Cadmium is one of the most common heavy metal toxicant and mainly enters body through the food chain. In industry, the extensive use of cadmium compounds will inevitably result in environmental cadmium contamination. The toxic effects of cadmium on organisms include liver and kidney damage, neuroendocrine, reproductive development and carcinogenic teratogenesis, and may be closely related to developmental diseases. Epigenetics can regulate gene expressions without altering the DNA sequence, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. Genetic mechanisms have been shown to be one of the important mechanisms for toxic effects of cadmium-containing chemicals, but recent studies have shown that the role of epigenetics modifications in regulating the toxic effects of cadmium may be more important. Therefore, we review the role of epigenetic modification in the toxic effects of cadmium.
Effect of mulberry on glucose regulation in mice fed with high-fat diet
Zheng ZHANG, Jia-ying XU, Jia-ping CHEN,
2020, 36(8): 1157-1159. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119596
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Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate regulative effect of mulberry on blood glucose in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and to provide evidences for application of mulberry in blood glucose control.  Methods  Totally 50 male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into a control group (with regular chow), a HFD group (with 60% energy from fat), and three HFD plus low, moderate and high mulberry groups (with HFD and 1.1%, 2.2% and 4.4% mulberry powder). Body weight and feed consumed of the mice were recorded once a week. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was conducted at week 0, 4, 8 and 12, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for blood glucose was calculated. At week 13, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin level were determined and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was assessed.  Results  Compared to the control mice, the mice of HFD group showed significantly increased body weight (46.09 ± 5.40 g), FBG (11.80 ± 1.80 mmol/L), and HOMA-IR (30.38 ± 14.48) (P < 0.05 for all). In comparison to those in the mice of HFD group, significantly lower body weight (41.27 ± 5.56 g), FBG (9.44 ± 1.34 mmol/L), and HOMA-IR (17.88 ± 11.53) were detected one week after the 12-week treatment in the mice with 4.4% mulberry powder (all P < 0.05 for all).  Conclusion  Mulberry intervention decreases body weight gain and improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in the mice fed with high-fat diet.
Effects of different concentrations of moxa smoke on lung tissue and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio in rats
Hong LIU, Zhong-yue GU, Xin ZHOU,
2020, 36(8): 1160-1162. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122435
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore dose-dependent effect of moxa smoke inhalation on lung tissue structure and blood CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio in rats and to provide a theoretical basis for moxibustion therapy safety in clinical practice.  Methods  Forty clean-grade 2-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 in each group): a normal control (in moxa smoke-free environment) and low, moderate, and high moxa smoke group (exposed to smoke from full-burning of 10, 25 and 70 grams moxa 2 hours a day continuously for 30 days). Microscopic examinations were performed to observe morphological changes in the rats′ lung tissues. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of the rats were detected with flow cytometry.  Results  Obvious inflammatory reaction was observed only in lung tissues of the rats exposed to high moxa smoke. The percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes in high moxa smoke exposure rats was 37.13 + 2.23%, significantly higher than that in normal control rats (34.45 + 5.14%), and in the rats with low (33.84 + 3.23% ) and moderate (34.19 + 4.27%) moxa smoke exposure (P < 0.05 for all). The CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio (1.46 ± 0.29) in the rats with high moxa smoke exposure was significantly lower than that in normal control rats (1.53 + 0.43) and in the rats with low (1.55 + 0.37) and moderate moxa smoke exposure (1.58 + 0.41) (all P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Moxa smoke has dose-dependent effect on lung tissue morphology and immune system in rats. Low and moderate concentrations of moxa smoke induce no significant damage in lung tissues but can improve immune function in rats.
Establishment of harmonious doctor-patient relationship under multidimensional perspectives: a cross-sectional study
Xiang-wei MENG, Lan WANG, Qun-hong WU,
2020, 36(8): 1163-1166. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122501
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore main obstacles to the construction of harmonious doctor-patient (DP) relationship and to provide evidences for developing strategies on the improvement of doctor-patient relationship in China.  Methods  We conducted a on-site survey among 1 127 medical staff, administrative personnel, experts, and citizens selected with stratified cluster sampling in Beijing, Shanghai, and Harbin city between 2014 and 2015. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on demographics, cognition on DP relationship, impact factors of DP relationship, social influence and outcome of poor DP relationship, and consideration on the improvement of the relationship. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis were adopted in data analyses.  Results  The participants scaled higher scores for maintaining public-welfare nature of medical institutions (8.28), improving financial security level of medical insurance system (8.19), reforming hospital performance management system (7.92), and controlling unreasonable scale enlargement of hospitals (7.91) among the 13 items for strategies or measures on improving DP relationship; then three common factors were extracted from the 13 items using factor analysis and the cumulative variance contribution of the three common factors was 60.282%. The three common factor were namely institutional culture (composed of maintaining public-welfare nature of medical institutions and improving financial security level of medical insurance system), organizational administration (consisting of controlling unreasonable scale enlargement of hospitals and reforming hospital performance management system), and quality of medical personnel (involving the enhancement of communication skill, technical expertise and professional ethics in medical workers), with the variance contribution rates of 47.614%, 7.892%, and 4.839%, respectively.  Conclusion  The efforts for improving doctor-patient relationship should be made on three aspects of health system, hospital, and medical personnel and special concerns should be paid to maintaining non-profit nature of public medical institutions and medical insurance system construction, internal management of medical institutions and training of medical staff in the establishment of harmonious doctor-patient relationship in China.
Estimation on population size of men who have sex with men in a district of Weifang city, Shandong province using network scale-up method
Chuan-zhi MA, Shu-mei LI, Xiao-shan XU, Jie MA,
2020, 36(8): 1166-1170. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122470
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Abstract:
  Objective  To estimate the population size of men who have sex with men (MSM) in a district of Weifang city, Shandong province using network scale-up method (NSUM) and to provide evidences for developing intervention programs in populations at high-risk of AIDS.  Methods  We conducted a questionnaire survey among 3 185 permanent residents aged 18 – 60 years selected with multistage random sampling in Weicheng district of Weifang city from August to December 2018. The size of social network in general population of the district was estimated using NSUM; then the population size of MSM was estimated based on the estimated social network size and the recognition degree-weighted number of MSM the participants familiar with; and the estimated MSM population size was adjusted by ratios of the demographics-specific populations and the transmission rate of relevant information.  Results  The estimated number of MSM in the district is 1 036 base on the results of stability analysis, adjustmenting for gender, age, education level, marital status, residing time, and elimination of outliers. After further adjustment for ratios of the demographics-specific populations and the transmission rate of relevant information, the estimated number of MSM is 4 054.  Conclusion  Network scale-up method could be applied in the estimation of population size of men who have sex with men in a general population.
Risk factors of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guangzhou city, 2010 – 2014: a Bayesian fine-scale spatio-temporal modeling analysis
Si-yi CHEN, Li-mei SUN, Wen-jun MA,
2020, 36(8): 1171-1176. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121488
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine incidence characteristics and the risk factors of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, and to provide evidences for prevention and control of the disease.  Methods  Data on reported HFMD incidences in Gurangzhou city from January 2010 through 2014 were collected from National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention; relevant socio-economic and meteorological data for the period were also retrieved. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe the incidence characteristics and Bayesian spatio-temporal model was applied to explore risk factors of the disease.  Results  During the 5-year in the city, totally 289 216 HFMD incidents were reported, with the yearly case number (incidence rate) of 35 416 (319.53/100 000), 46 277 (364.36/100 000), 55 015 (431.44/100 000), 71 905 (560.05/100 000), and 80 603 (626.23/100 000) in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively, and a significantly increasing trend (χ2 = 17 406.20, P < 0.001) . In the period, the HFMD incidence rate was significantly higher among the male residents than among the female residents (556.60/100 000 vs. 364.58/100 000; χ2 = 12 383.86, P < 0.001) . The age-specific incidence rate was the highest for children aged ≤ 5 years and the HFMD cases of the age group accounted for 95.06% of the all the cases, of which, 74.80% were scattered living children. An obvious increase in reported HFMD incidents and two seasonal epidemic peaks from April to July and from September to October in a year were observed. The incidence rate was higher in urban-rural fringe zones, residential areas of with more migrant people, and outer suburbs, and 6 communities with much higher incidence rate were identified in these areas. The results of Bayesian spatio-temporal model analysis indicated that the increases in the number of urban village and the amount gross domestic production (GDP) per capita were risk factors of HFMD incidence in Guangzhou city, with the posterior median of relative risk of 2.657 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.019 – 3.481) and 1.012 (95% CI: 1.007 – 1.017) ; while, the increases in the average weekly temperature and the number of bus station were protective factors against HFMD, and with the posterior median of relative risk of 0.995 (95% CI: 0.993 – 0.997) and 0.996 (95% CI: 0.995 – 0.997), respectively.  Conclusion  The proportion of urban village, GDP per capita, average weekly temperature, and the number of bus station are main impact factors for HFMD epidemic and comprehensive countermeasures should be taken to control the incidence of the disease in Guangzhou city.
Relationship between health literacy and quality of life among college students in Nanjing city
Meng-yun ZHENG, Xiao-qing CHENG, Chun-xiao DUAN,
2020, 36(8): 1177-1181. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121213
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the current status of health literacy and quality of life and to explore the relationship between health literacy and quality of life among college students in Nanjing city.  Methods  Using stratified cluster random sampling, the Health Literacy Questionnaire developed by Chinese Center for Health Education and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), we conducted a survey among 5 706 freshmen and junior students in 3 universities in Nanjing city of Jiangsu province. SPSS software was used in statistical descriptions, univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.  Results  Of the students surveyed, 38.1% were assessed with adequate health literacy and 65.2%, 42.6%, and 46.9% with basic health knowledge, health lifestyle, and health skills, respectively. The he mean EQ-5D score was 0.92 ± 0.11 and the mean self-rated health score (visual analogue scale [VAS]) was 85.13 ± 12.49 for all the students. Univariate analysis indicated that the female students, junior students, and the students majoring in medicine and with higher maternal education had a higher health literacy (P < 0.05 for all); while the male students, freshmen, and the students majoring in art and science had a high quality of life (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed following significant impact factors of health literacy: majoring (medicine vs. non-medicine: odds ratio [OR] = 2.316, 95% confidence inter val [95% CI]: 1.837 – 2.920), grade (junior vs. freshman: OR = 1.138, 95% CI: 1.019 – 1.271), university (OR = 1.253, 95% CI: 1.109 – 1.415), maternal education (with formal education vs. iliterate or semiliterate: OR = 1.124, 95% CI: 1.069 – 1.183), academic record (poor vs. excellent: OR = 0.898, 95% CI: 0.849 – 0.950), and monthly personal living expenses (≥ 500 yuan vs. < 500 yuan: OR = 0.947, 95% CI: 0.902 – 0.995). The correlation coefficient for the correlation between health literacy and quality of life was 0.042 for all the students (0.040 and 0.046 for medical and non-medical students).  Conclusion  The college students in Nanjing city have a high level of health literacy but the health literacy score is not strongly associated with health-related quality of life among the students.
Increasing trend of obesity and its related factors among senior high school students in Haidian district of Beijing, 2008 – 2016
Yan-hui SHEN, Chu JIANG, Yuan SHEN,
2020, 36(8): 1182-1188. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119061
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine changing trend in obesity and its related factors and to assess the effect of intervention on obesity preliminarily among senior high school students in Haidian district of Beijing.  Methods  We extracted data from 5 waves of National Survey on Adolescents Health Risk Behavior conducted in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016 among senior high school students selected in key, common and vocational high schools with multistage random cluster sampling in Haidian district of Beijing. The participants of the surveys completed anonymously a questionnaire developed by the Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention.  Results  The overall obesity prevalence rate was 10.19% among the senior high school students in the 5 waves of the survey and the rate increased from 5.36% in 2008 to 15.06% in 2016, with a significant increase (χ2 = 122.01, P = 0.001) and the average annual increase of 1.60% and 0.75% for the boy and girl students during the period from 2008 to 2016. The overall obesity prevalence rate in the vocational high school students was significantly higher than that in the common high school students (χ2 = 65.296, P = 0.001) and the rate in the common high school students was significantly higher than that in the key high school students (χ2 = 22.078, P = 0.001). The ratios of the students reporting the consumptions of soft drinks and western fast-food increased during the survey period significantly (χ2 = 634.592, P = 0.001 and χ2 = 30.379, P = 0.001). Compared to those in the survey of 2008, the prevalence rate of obesity increased by 22.15%, 7.17%, 3.66% among the students of vocational, common, and key high schools in the survey of 2016. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the year of survey, gender, whether being a boarding student, type of the school, whether having internet addiction, whether living with grandparents, and self-rated academic performance were significant influencing factors of obesity among the students.  Conclusion  The obesity prevalence rate increased continuously from 2008 to 2016 among senior high school students, especially among vocational school and boy students in Haidian district of Beijing and the increase may be correlated mainly with the increased consumption of soft drinks and western fast-food. The results suggest that school-based and family-focused interventions on personal weight control should be implemented in the students.
Support of social environment on maternal health care system in Beijing and Shanghai
Xiang GAO, Hai-yi JIA, Zheng CHEN,
2020, 36(8): 1188-1191. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121684
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the status quo and disparity of support of social environment on maternal health care system in Beijing and Shanghai and to evaluate the relationship between the support and maternal mortality and to verify the feasibility of quantitative evaluation on the support.  Methods  We systematically collected all the normative legal documents related to maternal health issued by governmental agencies of the two cities during 2000 – 2017 and quantitatively assessed the support of social environment on maternal health care system in four aspects: policy context, legal guarantee, financial sustaining, and culture guidance. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the extent of social environment support on maternal health care system and maternal mortality in the two cities.  Results  Social environmental support on maternal health care system showed an annual upward trend in both Beijing and Shanghai during the period, especially after the release of health strategy in 2017, with the increased support indexes from 22.8% and 21.1% in 2000 to 52.6% and 46.1% in 2017 in Beijing and Shanghai. Inverse correlation between social environmental support degree and maternal mortality was observed in the two cities, with the the correlation coefficients of greater than 0.50. The results of fitted regression analysis indicated that 9.7% and 22.2% of the variation in maternal mortality in Beijing and Shanghai could be explained by the extent of social environment support on maternal health care system.  Conclusion  Social environment plays a significant role in the performance of maternal health care system in Beijing and Shanghai city. Although somewhat stronger in Beijing than in Shanghai, the social environment support on maternal health care system has not been utilized effectively in resources allocation and management. The study results demonstrate that the quantitative evaluation method is basically feasible.
Relationship between sleep duration and trait coping style among pupils in Hangzhou city
Na LI, Ying ZHOU, Yong-xing LIN,
2020, 36(8): 1192-1195. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121869
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the status of sleep duration and trait coping style and the relationship between them among pupils in Hangzhou city.  Methods  Using multistage cluster random sampling, we conducted a anonymous questionnaire survey among 2 691 pupils of grade 4 to 6 selected from 6 primary schools in Hangzhou city in October 2015. A structured questionnaire on general information and sleep duration and the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire were adopted in the survey.  Results  Of the pupils, 18.06% (486), 74.06% (1 993), and 7.88% (212) reported average sleep duration of < 8, 8 – 9, and ≥ 10 hours, respectively. The sleep duration differed significantly by gender, location region of the school, and whether being overweight or obesity (all P < 0.05). Higher ratio (79.65%) of pupils in urban region reported the sleep duration of 8 hours; while, higher ratio (21.70%) of the pupils with overweight or obesity reported the sleep duration of less than 8 hours than that (16.99%) of the pupils with normal body weight. The average score for positive coping style (PC) and negative coping style (NC) were 33.12 ± 6.13 and 24.03 ± 7.37 for the pupils. Partial correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between sleep duration and trait coping style after adjusting for gender, school, class, and whether being overweight/obesity.  Conclusion  The sleep duration of most pupils in Hangzhou city did not reach the national health standards and there was a significant correlation between sleep duration and trait coping style in the pupils. The results suggest that specific measures should be implemented to improve the sleep duration of the pupils.
Classification of main risk domains in population at high-risk of cardiovascular diseases: a latent class analysis
Zu-han ZHANG, Qian ZHANG, Cheng-hong LI,
2020, 36(8): 1196-1199. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123678
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the classification of main risk domains in the population at high-risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with latent class analysis (LCA) and to provide evidences for making targeted interventions on CVDs in the population.  Methods  We screened out 2 951 people at high-risk of CVDs among 13 908 permanent residents aged 35 – 75 years recruited using cluster sampling in Chibi city of Hubei province from December 2016 to April 2017. Groups with different main risk domains in the people at high CVDs risk were identified using LCA method and chi-square test was adopted to assess distribution differences in demographic characteristics and disease history among various groups.  Results  Based on LCA model established, four main risk domain groups were identified among the 2 951 people at high CVDs risk, including those with dyslipidemia (n = 860, 29.1%), abnormal body weight (477, 16.2%), abnormal respiratory function (672, 22.8%), and abnormal respiratory function during sleep (942, 31.9%). There were significant distribution differences in sex, age, and disease history among the four groups (P < 0.01).  Conclusion  Dyslipidemia, abnormal body weight, abnormal respiratory function and abnormal respiratory function during sleep are main risk domains and dyslipidemia and abnormal respiratory function during sleep are more common among community populations at high-risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Perception on health risk of food additives in urban and rural consumers in Shanxi province
Zhi-ping FAN, Jing-min CHENG, Kai TAN
2020, 36(8): 1200-1203. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123256
Abstract(1676) HTML (591) PDF 502KB(37)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine current situation and disparities of perceptions on food additive-related health risk among urban and rural consumers in Shanxi province for developing education programs on food safety.  Methods  We carried out a self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey among 3 500 urban and rural consumers recruited with stratified multistage random sampling at 60 study sites in 11 prefectures in Shanxi province from December 2017 to March 2018.  Results  Valid information were collected from 3 283 (93.8%) of the consumers. The level of concern on food additives among the consumers differed significantly by age (χ2 = 73.377, P < 0.001) and occupation (χ2 = 192.824, P < 0.001); the consumers aged 41 to 64 years (\begin{document}$\bar R $\end{document} = 0.572) and those working in government agencies or public institutions (\begin{document}$\bar R $\end{document} = 0.634) paid a higher concern on food additives and the consumers with the education of junior high school and below had the lowest ratio for correct recognition on food additives (\begin{document}$\bar R $\end{document} = 0.448). There were significant differences between urban and rural consumers in the level of concern on food additive (χ2 = 87.682, P < 0.001) and behaviors of noticing information about food additive on labels of food products (χ2 = 20.868, P < 0.001); the proportion of concerning about food additive was higher among urban consumers than that among the rural consumers (55.38% vs. 44.62%, \begin{document}$\bar R $\end{document} = 0.507 vs. \begin{document}$\bar R $\end{document} = 0.492 ); the Ridit value (R = 0.478) for noticing information about food additive on labels of food products was lower than the standard value for the rural consumers.  Conclusion  The cognition on food additives is at a low level among urban and rural consumers in Shanxi province, especially among the consumers with low education and at elder ages. The results suggest that targeted education programs on the safety of food additives should be promoted among the public.
Effect of tropical cyclones on mortality of residents in Guangdong province, 2008 – 2011
Xue-mei YAN, Xin WANG, Wen-qi HU,
2020, 36(8): 1204-1207. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122580
Abstract(1557) HTML (537) PDF 831KB(24)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the cause of residents′ deaths and the effect of tropical cyclones on death of the residents in Guangdong province from 2008 to 2011.  Methods  A generalized additive model was used to analyze the death data for 6 disease surveillance points (DSPs) totally covering a population about 6 millions in Guangdong province and to explore the effect of tropical cyclones on the residents′ deaths. The relative risk (RR) as well as excess mortality were calculated.  Results  The main causes of death were circulatory system diseases, malignancy, respiratory system diseases, injuries and poisoning, and digestive system diseases among the population from 2008 to 2011. The risk of death increased within 20 days of the occurrence of the tropical cyclones, and the RR was 1.023 (95% confidence interval: 1.004 – 1.043). In different subgroup populations, tropical cyclones increased the mortality risk of the males and the people aged 18 – 59 years old. The excess death was 449 and the excess mortality was 29.4/1 000 000 in the 20 days following the occurrences of 20 tropical cyclones during the period.  Conclusion  Tropical cyclones could increase the risk of mortality especially in males and the people aged 18 – 59 years. Attention should be paid to health effect of tropical cyclone.
Willingness to have vaccination among the public after Changchun Changsheng vaccine safety incident: an online survey
Zeng-hui BIAN, Zhong ZHANG, Yun-feng CHENG,
2020, 36(8): 1208-1212. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123190
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Abstract:
  Objective  To evaluate the change in willingness to have vaccination and its related factors among the public after Changchun Changsheng vaccine safety incident and to provide references for developing vaccination-related education programs and strategies for public health emergency management.  Methods  We conducted an online survey during August 13 – 20, 2018 (about one month after the reporting of Changchun Changsheng vaccine safety incident in public media) among 1 048 adult internet users (≥ 18 years) recruited with snowball sampling with a self-designed questionnaire on respondents′ demographics, recognition on the incident and the willingness to have vaccination. The participants′ responses were automatically collected via a network platform. Logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors for the participants′ willingness.  Results  Of all the respondents, 30.7% (322) reported the hesitation to receive a necessary rabies vaccination and the reported hesitation differed significantly by gender, education, and occupation (P < 0.05). For all the parental respondents, 32.2% (216/671) reported hesitation about their children′s diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccination and the hesitation was influenced only by occupation. The proportion of reporting vaccine hesitancy was not significantly higher among the respondents being aware of the vaccine safety incident than among those being not aware of the incident (P > 0.05) although there was a strong reaction among the public when the incident was first reported.  Conclusion  The impact of Changchun Changsheng vaccine safety incident on citizens′ vaccine hesitancy differs by the citizens′ education and occupation. Relevant administrative agencies should pay more attentions to the management on vaccine safety incidents and carry out effective communication with the public to ensure the implementation of planned immunization.
Key issues in health emergency risk communication: a screening analysis with TOPSIS method
Ya-jun DAI, Yan-hua HAO, Qun-hong WU,
2020, 36(8): 1213-1216. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1119293
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore key problems in public health emergency risk communication in China.  Methods  We conducted a literature research on key issues in public health emergency related risk communication nowadays in China and discriminated 32 secondary issues according to analyses based on Lasswell's 5w communication model (who, says what, in which channel, to whom, and with what effect). Then we carried out an expert consultation on the significance and intervention-related urgency of the issues among 32 health emergency specialists recruited in 27 provinces and municipalities across China in July 2017. We analyzed the data collected with technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) using Microsoft Excel software.  Results  The results of TOPSIS analyses demonstrated that among the dimensions of the risk communication, the criterion index (Ci) value of communication effect ranked the first (0.833), followed by communication channel (0.831), communication audience (0.813), and communicator (0.698). There were two secondary issues (ranking the 3rd and 6th of all secondary issues) under the communication effect dimension, two secondary issues (ranking 1st and 2nd) under the communication channel dimension, two secondary issues (ranking 4th and 9th) under the communication audience dimension, and four secondary issues (ranking 5th, 7th, 8th, and 10th) under the communication communicator dimension, respectively.  Conclusion  Supervision and management on media, especially on new media, assessment on communication efficiency, and targeted communication with audiences need to be strengthened for improving health emergency risk communication among the public.
Status and influencing factors of health information literacy among service industry employees in Beijing
Shao-ming WEI, Xin-yi FAN, Xin ZHANG,
2020, 36(8): 1217-1220. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1118690
Abstract(1811) HTML (785) PDF 499KB(19)
Abstract:
  Objective  To evaluate the situation of health information literacy and its influencing factors among service industry employees in Beijing and to provide evidences for carrying out targeted health education and health promotion intervention.  Methods  In July – August 2016, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey among 2 040 service industry employees applying health certificates at Beijing Municipal Center for Diseases Prevention and Control. χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of health information literacy.  Results  Among the 1 670 respondents with valid information, 23.5% were assessed with basic health information literacy and the average overall score of health literacy was 6.97 ± 1.36. Of the valid respondents, 85.7% answered the question correctly for how to judge whether a medical institution being legal and only 16.9% could correctly answer the question for the knowledge on indications of amoxicillin capsules. The proportion of female respondents with healthy information literacy (26.2%) was significantly higher than that of male respondents (20.1%) (P = 0.004). The proportion of respondents with basic health information literacy was decreased with the increment of age (P < 0.001). Education and the degree of convenient access to internet were also related to the level of health information literacy (both P < 0.05). The respondents′ household registration place and occupation had no effect on the health information literacy (P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that education was positively related to health information literacy significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the respondents having no access to internet, those could access to internet easily showed higher basic health information literacy level (odds ratio [OR] = 5.354, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.264 – 22.686).  Conclusion  Health information literacy is at a low level among the service industry employees in Beijing. Problem- and people group-specific interventions should be promoted to increase health information literacy of the occupational population.
Prevalence rate of common gynecological diseases and its variation trend among 20 – 64 old women in Guangdong province: 2008 – 2017
Li WU, Yuan-zhu MA, Cun-wei JI,
2020, 36(8): 1221-1224. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1120982
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Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the coverage of gynecological diseases screening in Guangdong province and to analyze the prevalence rate common gynecological diseases and its changing trend among 20 – 64 years old women in the province for developing effective intervention measures for the prevention and control of gynecological diseases.  Methods  We collected yearly national notifiable statistic tables for gynecological disease screening in 144 counties or districts across Guangdong province from 2008 to 2017. Then the prevalence rate of gynecological diseases and its variation trend were retrospectively analyzed.  Results  During the 10-year period, totally 65 227 776 person times of gynecological diseases screening were performed among the women aged 20 – 64 years and the screening rate was increased from 30.74% in 2008 to 77.24% in 2017 in the province. A decreasing trend for the prevalence of common gynecological diseases but an increasing trend for the prevalence of vaginitis were observed during the period. The proportion of diagnosed vaginitis in reproductive tract infections increased yearly from 40.03% in 2008 to 61.99% in 2017. The detection rate of cervical cancer and breast cancer were higher among female malignant tumors.  Conclusion  From 2008 to 2017 in Guangdong province, the coverage rate of common gynecological diseases screening increased gradually; the prevalence rate of common gynecological diseases decreased but the that of vaginitis increased. The study results suggest that surveillance and early interventions on reproductive tract infection should be promoted for the improvement of women health.
Trend in prevalence of drug abuse in Macao Special Administrative Region: 2009 – 2017
Li-juan TANG, Miao-ling OU, Yi-qiao YIN
2020, 36(8): 1224-1227. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1121923
Abstract(1634) HTML (525) PDF 484KB(14)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the trend in prevalence of drug abuse in Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao) during 2009 – 2017.  Methods  We collected data of 2009 – 2017 on drug abuse from the Central Registration System for Drug Abusers in Macao and analyzed the data retrospectively.  Results  Of all the registered drug abusers in Macao during the period, 80.2% were male; 89.4% received the education of junior secondary school; 45.4% were from the families with no other drug abuser; and 59.7% had a criminal record. Significantly positive correlations were observed between the proportions and the years (r = 0.7 for all, P < 0.05 for all). The average age of drug abusers and average age at first drug abuse were positively correlated with the years (r = 0.9 for both, both P < 0.01 for all). For the drug abuser during the previous three months, the average age of heroin abusers was higher than that of cocaine, 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and ketamine abusers (P < 0.01 for all). Inverse correlations were found between the proportion of drug abusers mainly using a single type of drug and taking drugs at home/friend's home with the years (r = 0.7, 0.8 respectively, P < 0.05 for all). Peer influence and stress/pain relief were the main contributing factors for drug abuse and the proportion of the drug abusers reporting the two contributing factors was not correlated linearly with the years (P > 0.05). No linear correlation was found between monthly drug expenses and the years (P > 0.05).  Conclusion  Drug abusers in Macao are mainly male, with the education of junior secondary school, from a family with no other drug abuser, with criminal record, and abusing drugs at home or friends' home; the proportions of the drug abusers with those mentioned characteristics increased yearly and the average age and the age at first drug abuse also increased yearly during the period from 2009 to 2017.
Utilization and its influencing factors of serological screening for Down′s syndrome among mothers having a fetus or newborn with congenital defect in Beijing: 2007 – 2016
Zheng-chao CHEN, Kai-bo LIU, Hong-yan XU,
2020, 36(8): 1228-1232. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123288
Abstract(1565) HTML (847) PDF 563KB(16)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the utilization and influencing factors of serological screening for Down′s syndrome in mothers whose fetus or newborn diagnosed with congenital defect in Beijing from 2007 to 2016 for improving the coverage of serological screening and providing evidences to reduce serious birth defects effectively.  Methods  The data of the study were reported by midwifery institutions and pediatrics in two urban and one suburban district of Beijing city from October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2016 and extracted from hospital birth defect monitoring system. With the data collected, we conducted a retrospective analysis on utilization and its influencing factors of serological screening for Down′s syndrome among 13 800 mothers having a fetus or newborns with congenital defect diagnosed from 13 genital weeks to 7 days after the birth. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was applied in data analyses.  Results  In the three regions of Beijing during the 10-year period, the overall proportion of the mothers utilizing serological screening for Down′s syndrome was 74.42% and the annual proportion increased from 65.94% in the surveillance year of 2007 – 2008 to 79.30% in 2013 – 2014 but then declined to 76.12% in 2015 – 2016, with a significant upward trend generally (Z = 10.58, P < 0.001). The mothers with local household registration had a higher proportion for utilizing the screening compared to those with household registration of other regions; while, the gap in the proportion between the two groups of the mother had been narrowed continuously (Z = – 12.10, P < 0.001). Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the mothers having a delivery in surveillance year of 2011 – 2016, aged ≥ 25 years, with an education of junior high school and above, and having an average monthly income of ≥ 2 000 RMB yuan were more likely to utilize the screening; whereas, the mothers without local household registration, with multiple parities, and having a pregnancy of twins or triplets were less likely to utilize the screening.  Conclusion  The utilization of serological screening service for Down′s syndrome in mothers having a fetus or newborn with congenital defect was high during 2007 – 2016 in Beijing city, and the deficit in the utilization for the mothers without local household registration was decreased during the period; the utilization is mainly influenced by the year of delivery, age, education, monthly income, type of household registration, parity, and multiple gestation among the mothers.
Confidence to contracted family doctor services and its influencing factors among middle-aged and elderly residents in Xuzhou city
Juan ZHENG, Jian-qiang XU, Lang ZHUO
2020, 36(8): 1233-1236. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123110
Abstract(2055) HTML (897) PDF 478KB(31)
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the degree and influencing factors of confidence to contracted family doctor services (CFDS) among middle-aged and elderly residents in Xuzhou city of Jiangsu province for promoting implementation of CFDS in the population.  Methods  We recruited 927 community residents aged 45 years and above using stratified random sampling in 6 urban districts for a face-to-face questionnaire survey during 3 – 10 July, 2017. The collected data were analyzed with statistical description, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and ordinal multiple logistic regression.  Results  Among the respondents, only 15.53% reported the confidence to CFDS. The results of logistic regression showed that the respondents with the experience of transferred from grassroots medical institutions to major hospitals, having willingness to receive CFDS, and having participated in CFDS were more likely to report the confidence to CFDS; while those with rural census register, working in enterprises, being an employee other than an enterprises or public institution, initially visiting a doctor in major hospitals, and with the experience of transferred from a major hospital to grassroots institutions were less likely to report the confidence to CFDS.  Conclusion  The confidence to contracted family doctor services is at a low level and mainly influenced by census register, occupation, type of medical institutions visited initially, experience of hospital transference, the willingness to receive the service, and whether having received the service among middle-aged and elderly community residents in Xuzhou city.
Influencing factors of virologic failure among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Chengdu city, 2008 – 2018: a retrospective analysis
Zhen-hua DUAN, Shuang-feng FAN, Xue-qing WU,
2020, 36(8): 1237-1241. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1126773
Abstract(1366) HTML (605) PDF 608KB(37)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the incidence rate and influencing factors of virologic failure (VF) among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Chengdu city from 2008 to 2018.  Methods  The data on all HIV/AIDS patients receiving initial ART from 2008 through 2017 were extracted from the National Integrated HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Information System and the patients were retrospectively followed-up till December 31, 2018. Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore factors associated with VF after ART treatment.  Results  Among 19 945 HIV/AIDS patients included in the study, 2 500 individuals experienced VF, with an incidence rate of 4.45 per 100 person-years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that the level of pre-ART CD4+ T cell count (CD4) were significantly associated with VF. Compared to the patients with the baseline CD4 count of ≥ 500 cells/μL, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of VF was 11.908 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 9.838 – 14.412), 2.824 (95% CI: 2.484 – 3.212), and 1.586 (95% CI: 1.420 – 1.771) for the patients with the baseline CD4 count of 0 – 49, 50 – 199, and 200 – 349 cells /μL, respectively (P < 0.01 for all); in contrast to the patients with delayed ART (the time from the diagnosis to the initial treatment: ≥ 366 days), the aHR of VF was 0.829 (95% CI: 0.734 – 0.935) and 0.840 (95% CI: 0.755 – 0.934) for the patients with immediate ART (the time from the diagnosis to the initial treatment: ≤ 30 days and 31 – 365 days ); the analysis also revealed that in comparison with the female patients, the male patients were more likely to have VF (aHR = 1.216, 95% CI: 1.090 – 1.356); the patients with initial ART regimen of zidovudine + lamivudine + efavirenz/nevirapine (AZT + 3TC + EFV/NVP) were more likely to have VF (aHR = 1.272, 95% CI: 1.153 – 1.402) compared to the patients with the initial ART regimen of tenofovir (TDF) + 3TC + EFV/NVP.  Conclusion  Lower baseline CD4, delayed initial ART after HIV diagnosis, male gender and AZT + 3TC + EFV/NVP regimen are significantly associated with increased risk of VF among HIV/AIDS patients in Chengdu city.
Health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Yunnan province, 2018
Mei LIU, Ling-qing LI, Shi-chuan PU
2020, 36(8): 1242-1246. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123815
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the situation and associated factors of health literacy among residents in Yunnan province and to provide evidences for improving health literacy in the population.  Methods  We recruited 32 352 residents aged 15 – 69 years in 312 rural towns/urban communities of Yunnan province using stratified multistage sampling and conducted a survey with national health literacy questionnaire during July – September 2018.  Results  Of all the respondents, only 14.03% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 12.33% – 15.91%) were assessed with adequate overall health literacy and the proportions of the respondents with adequate health literacy domains were 11.38% for fundamental skills, 17.72% for health information, 16.95% for infectious diseases prevention and treatment, and 16.12% for basic medical care, all of which were at a relatively low level. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the respondents with following characteristics were more likely to have a low health literacy: ethnic minorities (compared to Han people: odds ratio [OR] = 0.730, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.587 – 0.907), lower education compared to the education of college or above (illiterate/semiliterate: OR = 0.054 [95% CI: 0.036 – 0.081], primary school: OR = 0.125 [95% CI: 0.093 – 0.170], junior high school: OR = 0.329 [95% CI: 0.263 – 0.411], senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school: OR = 0.704 [95% CI: 0.583 – 0.851]), and with lower annual household income (< 8 000 vs. ≥ 12 000 yuan RMB per capita, P < 0.05); while, the respondents at younger age (aged 25 – 34 vs. 65 – 69 years: 1.393 [95% CI: 1.009 – 1.922]) and being medical workers (compared to other occupations: 2.005 [95% CI: 1.379 – 2.915]) were more likely to have a higher health literacy.  Conclusion  Health literacy is at a low level among adult urban and rural residents and the residents being ethnic minorities, at middle and elder ages, with low education, and having low household income are key populations for education on health literacy in Yunnan province.
Regional differences in environmental hygiene and disease prevalence in rural areas of Shandong province
Feng SHI, Shi-bo LÜ, Xu-ting YANG,
2020, 36(8): 1247-1250. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122467
Abstract(1332) HTML (544) PDF 501KB(21)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the status quo and regional variations of environmental hygiene and disease prevalence in rural areas of Shandong province and to provide evidences for developing targeted interventions and control measures.  Methods  We conducted surveys at 500 villages in 25 counties or prefectures selected using stratified random sampling across Shandong province during 2015 – 2017. The surveys included relevant information collection, field study, soil sample collection for every villages selected, interviews with family members of 2 500 households in the villages surveyed using a unified questionnaire, and laboratory test to detect heavy metal and ascaris eggs in the soil samples.  Results  The coverage rate of harmless sanitary toilet was 53.34% for all the counties surveyed and the rate differed significantly among the counties with different geographical locations (P < 0.05). The regional coverage rate of harmless sanitary toilet was positively correlated with regional annual net income per capita (r = 0.997, P = 0.045). During the 3-year period among the residents in the 500 villages, the crude mortality rate was 563/100 000 and the major causes of the mortality were heart diseases, malignant tumors and cerebrovascular diseases. For all the residents in the 500 villages, the mean coverage rate of garbage and sewage treatment plant was 58.50% and 40.80% and the rate was significantly different for the residents living in eastern, central and western areas of the province (P < 0.05). The detection rate of ascaris eggs was 17.20% for all soil samples and there was no significant difference in the detection rate among the samples collected in different regions (P = 0.31); but the regional detection rate of ascaris eggs was inversely correlated significantly with the regional annual net income per capita (r = – 0.998, P = 0.04). The detection rate of live ascaris eggs was 5.20% for all the soil samples and there was a significant regional difference in the rate (P < 0.05). The qualified rate of heavy metal concentration for all soil samples was 87.40%, with a significant regional difference (P < 0.05); the qualified rate of cadmium concentration was 89.00%, also with a significant regional difference (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Environmental hygiene conditions are significantly associated with disease prevalence in rural areas of Shandong province. The detection rate of live ascaris eggs in soil samples is relatively higher for western rural region and soil cadmium pollution is more serious in the eastern rural region of the province. The results suggest that region specific interventions and control measures should be implemented.
Associations of sleep and exercise with fall risk among community oldest old people in Tangshan city
Fang ZHENG, Zhao-yi CUI, Chang-xiang CHEN, Min ZHANG
2020, 36(8): 1251-1254. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1124786
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore associations of sleep and exercise with fall risk among oldest old people in communities of Tangshan city, Hebei province and to provide references for developing intervention measures.  Methods  We carried out a household survey among 3 448 community residents aged ≥ 75 years recruited with stratified random cluster sampling in Tangshan city of Hebei province between July 2016 and January 2017. A general questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Modified Falls Risk for Older People in the Community (FROP-Com) were adopted in the study.  Results  The mean score of fall risk was 8.19 ± 6.74 for all the participants. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the participants at older age, living alone or divorced, withou frequent exercise, having poor sleep quality, having more waking up at night or early awakening, with more use of hypnotic drugs, and reporting more sleep-induced pain were at a higher risk of falling.  Conclusion  Sleep problems or lack of regular exercise could increase fall risk among oldest old community residents in urban Tangshan.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and TCT results of HPV positive individuals among women in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: a hospital-based survey
Bing LI, Yu-fei CHEN
2020, 36(8): 1254-1256. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1123838
Abstract(1500) HTML (681) PDF 468KB(20)
Abstract:
  Objective  To examine the prevalence of HPV infection among women in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2016 − 2018.  Methods  We carried out HPV nucleic acid detection among 5 162 women aged 20 years and above taking physical examination at a hospital and then thinprep cytologic test (TCT) was performed among the HPV positive women during a period from 2016 to 2018. Data of the detections were analyzed statistically.  Results  The HPV positive rates were 33.92% (310/914), 34.99% (470/1 369), and 27.72% (799/2 879) among the women detected in 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. For all the women detected, those aged 40 − 49 years had a higher HPV positive rate. Of the 288 HPV positive women with HPV typing and TCT samples, 72.3%, 6.6% and 4.1% were HPV 16, HPV 45 and HPV 18; 2.4% were lesions of atypical squamous cells undetermined significance or more severe.  Conclusion  HPV infection could be detected among about one third of the women in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, suggesting that the married women should have annual HPV nucleic acid test.