Objective To explore the correlation of body composition with hypertension and to analyze the consistency between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). in body composition measurement.
Methods Totally 1 221 permanent residents aged over 20 years were recruited at 6 communities in Beijing from August to November, 2020. Using DXA as the gold standard, BIA method was used to measure the participants′ muscle mass, muscle percentage, body fat mass and body fat percentage. The correlation and agreement between DXA and BIA method were analyzed with calculating Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations of continuous variables of each body composition index with hypertension.
Results Both measurements of DXA and BIA (Inbody 770, body composition analyzer) revealed significantly higher body fat mass and body fat percentage of the female participants than those of the male participants (P < 0.01 for all). When measured by DXA, high body fat percentage was positively associated with high diastolic blood pressure (odds ratio OR = 1.067, 95% confidence interval 95% CI: 1.002 – 1.139); while high muscle percentage was negatively correlated with high diastolic blood pressure (OR = 0.936, 95% CI: 0.881 – 0.997); similarly, high body fat percentage was associated with increased risk of hypertension but high muscle percentage was correlated with decreased risk of hypertension significantly. When measured with BIA method, higher body fat percentage also increased the risk of high diastolic blood pressure, while muscle percentage was inversely associated with high diastolic blood pressure.
Conclusion The correlation and agreement between body composition measurements with BIA and DXA method are relatively high. Higher body fat percentage is a major independent risk factor for high diastolic blood pressure, while high muscle percentage is a protective factor against high diastolic blood pressure.
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