Association of sleep status with hypertension risk in adult residents of Beijing city: an analysis on surveillance data of 2017

  Objective  To investigate the relationship between sleep and hypertension risk among adults in Beijing in 2017, and to provide evidence for healthy lifestyle promotion.

  Methods  The study data were from the Adult Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance in Beijing – 2017. In the surveillance, 13 240 residents aged 18 – 79 years were recruited from 55 urban communities and 165 rural villages across Beijing city with stratified multistage sampling for a survey including questionnaire interview, physical measurements, and fasting venous blood sampling for relevant biochemical indicator determinations. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used in data analyses with SPSS 20.0 software.

  Results  Of the adults, 6 164 (66.23%) were males and 7 076 (33.77%) were females; 5 740 (46.31%) reported problematic sleep and 7 500 (53.69%) reported normal sleep. The proportions of the adults reporting daily sleep duration of < 6, 6 – < 7, 7 – < 8, 8 – < 9, and ≥ 9 hours were 6.14%, 15.92%, 28.02%, 37.00%, and 12.92%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with those with normal sleep, the adults with problematic sleep were at increased the risk of hypertension (odds ratio OR = 1.441, 95% confidence interval 95%CI: 1.244 – 1.670); the increased hypertension risk was of significance for both the gender subgroups (male adults: OR = 1.458, 95%CI: 1.221 – 1.742; female adults: OR = 1.343, 95%CI: 1.133 – 1.591) and the age subgroups (aged 18 – 44 years: OR = 1.435, 95%CI: 1.129 – 1.825 and aged ≥ 45 years: OR = 1.410, 95%CI: 1.131 – 1.758) ; the results also indicated that compared with those with daily sleep duration of 7 – < 8 hours, the adults with the daily sleep duration of ≥ 9 hours had an increased hypertension risk (OR = 1.204, 95%CI: 1.001 – 1.448) and the increased risk was much higher for the two subgroups of the adults (males: OR = 1.359, 95%CI: 1.035 – 1.784; the adults aged ≥ 45 years: OR = 1.355, 95%CI: 1.058 – 1.736).

  Conclusion  Among the adults, problematic sleep may increase hypertension risk and excessive daily sleep duration is also associated with increased hypertension risk, especially in males and the adults aged 45 years and above.