Abstract: Objective To explore the status and related factors of self-concept among minority children in poor rural area.Methods Totally 2007 pupils in rural areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were selected with hiera rchical clustered sampling and investigated with Piers Harris Childrens Self-Concept Scale,Social Anxiety Scale for Children,and general questionnaire for demographic information,family and school environment.Results The score of self-concept among the children was significantly lower than that of national norms.Multiple linear regression analyses showed that self concept was influenced by social anxiety,relationship with classmate,degree of parents caring,learning achievement,nationality,and avocation.Conclusion Social anxiety,family environment,school environment,and nationality play importantroles in the developing of self-concept in minority children in poor rural area.