Abstract: Objective To assess the physical development and characteristic of small children with neonatal macrosomia.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted from August to November in 2008 among 211 children aged 2-4 years and with neonatal macro somia history in Hefei city.A birth time and place matched control was selected for every child in the case group.Body length/height,weight,head and chest circum ference were measured to evaluate physical development.Results weight,body length/height,body mass index,head and chest circum ference of neonatal macrosomia group were higher than those of the control group.The level of physical development in neonatal macrosomia group was higher than that of control group.The ratio of the children with the highest level of height for age,weight for age,and weight for height were 23.2%,18.0%,and 10.4% in neonatal macrosomia group and 9.0%,8.1%,and 5.7% in control group,respectively,with significant differences between the two groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion Children with neonatal macrosomia history were superior in physical development compared to the children with normal birth weight at age of 2-4 years,but they have lipophilia.