Abstract: ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of life(QOL)among left-behind rural residents and to explore its main influencing factors in Shenyang mumicipality.MethodsThrough multistage stratified sampling method,the quality of life in 514 left-behind rural residents in Shenyang was assessed with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)VersionⅡ.ResultsThe average total score of QOL was 632.2±131.9 for the left-behind rural residents(668.5±105.6 for male and 617.3±138.7 for female).The average score of physical component summary(PCS)was 310.7±78.9(332.6±64.6 for male and 301.7±82.5 for female).The average score of mental component summary(MCS)was 321.5±65.1 (335.8±53.3 for male and 315.6±68.6 for female).Univariate analysis showed that QOL of the left-behind rural residents was significantly associated with gender,age,education,income,chronic diseases,and debt(P<0.05).The PCS score of the smokers was higher than that of non-smokers(t=-2.057,P=0.04).Multiple stepwise linear regressions showed that chronic diseases,debt,female,and age were inversely correlated to QOL,and income and education were positively correlated to QOL among the left-behind rural residents.ConclusionThe QOL among left-behind rural residents in Shenyang city is not good and the main influencing factors of QOL are gender,age,education,chronic diseases,debt,and income among the residents.