Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between personality traits and parental rearing patterns among Mongolian and Han university students and to provide basis for mental health education in the students.Methods A total of 722 Mongolian and Han college students were surveyed with Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran(EMBU), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),and General Informational Questionnaire.Results All scores of EMBU factors for Han students were obviously higher than those of Mongolian students except for parents'emotional warmth(t=-7.14-3.03,P<0.001).In the Mongolian students,parents of girls were assigned higher scores in over-interference and over-protection than those of the boys(t=-4.06,P<0.001 or t=-2.40-2.21,P<0.05).In EMBU, there were no significant gender differences among the Han university students(t=-1.45-0.76,P>0.05).All scores of EPQ factors were statistically different betw een the Han and Mongolian students(t=-6.47-3.80,P<0.001).The Mongolian girls had a higher score in EPQ-psychoticism and the Han girls had a higher score in EPQ-neuroticism than boys(t=-4.10,P<0.001 or t=-2.05,P<0.05).Correlation and regression analyses revealed that the personality of both Han and Mongolian students exhibited close correlations with parental rearing patterns.Conclusion There are differences in personality traits and parental rearing patterns betw een Han and Mongolian students and parental rearing patterns have profound effects on personality among the students.