Abstract: Health hazard of air pollution, especially particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), has become popular research topics. In recent years, a series of epidemiological and molecular biology studies have found that PM_2.5 is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease, dialysis-related complications and renal tumors, possibly through inflammation reaction, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity injury and other mechanisms. This paper summarizes recent progress in researches on the effect of PM_2.5 on kidney disease.