Abstract: The consistency of the definition of basic characteristics of tobacco dependence between International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Revision (DSM-5) not only contributes to the consistency of clinical diagnostic criteria, but also to the consistency of disease epidemiological measurement, especially in measurement dimension and index selection. Combination of Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Autonomy over Tobacco Scale (AUTOS) as the measurement tool for epidemiological survey of tobacco dependence would be logically consistent in theory with the basic characteristics of ICD-10 and DSM-5 tobacco dependence, and would provide more in-depth and accurate evidences for the corresponding control measures in practice, especially in the relationship between the distribution of classification and grading of tobacco dependence and its determinants.