广州市农村蔬菜地土壤汞水平及其生态、人体健康风险评价

钟嶷; 周金华; 毕华; 孙丽丽; 王德东; 黄仁德; 黎晓彤; 李琴; 李泽荣; 何蔚云

doi:10.11847/zgggws1123086

广州市农村蔬菜地土壤汞水平及其生态、人体健康风险评价

Assessment on mercury pollution in vegetable soil in rural Guangzhou and its ecological and human health risk

摘要

摘要:
目的了解广东省广州市农村蔬菜地土壤汞水平并评价其生态和人体健康风险，为本地汞污染防治和生态环境保护提供科学依据。
方法 2015 — 2018年对广州市7个区的农村蔬菜地土壤进行抽样并检测其汞水平，采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价土壤汞的生态风险，采用美国国家环境保护局（USEPA）推荐的健康风险评价模型分析经口摄入、皮肤接触和呼吸吸入3种暴露途径的人体健康风险。
结果共监测土壤样品367份，汞水平在0.007 4～4.65 mg/kg，平均值为0.31 mg/kg，土壤汞合格率为79.29 %（291/367），且各区存在差异，其中黄埔区蔬菜地土壤汞的合格率最低（37.50 %）；研究区域蔬菜地土壤汞潜在生态危害系数在7～4 650之间，86.38 %（317/367）的检测样品为强度、严重和极度生态危害；土壤汞对儿童和成人的非致癌风险值均 < 1，主要风险来自经口摄入，其次为皮肤接触，最后为呼吸吸入，汞对儿童的非致癌风险指数值高于成人。
结论广州市农村蔬菜地土壤受到不同程度的汞污染，汞的生态危害较严重，土壤汞对儿童和成人的非致癌风险值均在可接受范围内，应采取措施防治本地汞污染对生态造成危害。

Abstract:
Objective To examine mercury content in vegetable soil of rural Guangzhou and to evaluate its ecological and human health risks and to provide evidences for local mercury pollution prevention and ecological environmental protection.
Methods Totally 367 soil samples were collected from vegetable fields in 58 rural villages in 7 districts across Guangzhou and mercury content in the samples was detected from 2015 to 2018. Potential ecological risk related to vegetable soil mercury was assessed using Hankanson potential risk index method. In addition, the model recommended by United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) was adopted to evaluate the human health risk associated with oral intake, respiratory inhalation and skin contact of the soil mercury.
Results For all soil samples, the mercury contents ranged from 0.007 4 to 4.65 mg/kg, with an average content of 0.31 mg/kg. The overall qualification rate of soil mercury content was 79.29% (291/367) and the rate varied by regions, with the lowest rate of 37.50% for the samples collected in Huangpu district. The potential ecological harm coefficients for mercury in the soil samples were from 7 to 4 650 and 86.38% of the soil samples were assessed as intensely, seriously or extremely harm to ecological environment. The non-carcinogenic hazard indices for the soil mercury contents were below 1 for both the exposed adults and children and exposures to the soil mercury were mainly through oral intake, followed by skin contact and respiratory inhalation. The non-carcinogenic hazard index for the soil mercury contents was higher for the exposed children than that for the exposed adults.
Conclusion Various degrees of soil mercury pollution exist in vegetable fields of rural Guangzhou and may impact a serious ecological risk. The non-carcinogenic hazard of the soil mercury is within an acceptable range for the exposed adults and children. The results suggest that relevant measures should be taken to prevent and control potential ecological harm caused by the soil mercury pollution.

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