Abstract: The 197 member states of the World Health Organization unanimously adopted the Astana Declaration at the Global Primary Health Care Conference on 25th October 2018, pledging to strengthen their primary health-care systems and make greater efforts to achieve universal health coverage. The Declaration will set a new direction for the development of primary health care, which is the basis of the health care system. Besides, the Declaration is also a reaffirmation of the historic Alma-Ata Declaration. This article aims to review the development history and current situation of primary health care, analyze the importance of the concept of "Put the prevention first" to the realization of primary health care, and put forward suggestions for the prevention and control of health risk factors.